LABORATORY RESULTS SECTION 2 Flashcards
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
leukopenia (reduced WBC)
Infection, Bone marrow disorders, Autoimmune disease
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
leukocytosis (increased WBC)
Infection, Inflammation, stress
neutrophils
Infection, especially bacterial
Cigarette smoking
lymphocytes
Infection, especially viral
Stress
Allergy
monocytes
Infection, especially bacterial
Inflammation
eosinophils and basophils
Allergy
Parasitic infection
the differentials describe each type of WBC
as a % of the total WBC.
ex neutrophil is 85% of WBC. the absolute neutrophil count converts that percentage into a final #. so absolute neutrophil count would be 85% of WBC so .85 times the total # of WBC’s = 8.5
left shift
infectious situation. bands are increased in patient. this means body is responding to infectious process.
bands
immature neutrophils
segs
matured neutrophils
granulocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
low RBC
Iron deficiency, folate deficiency,
↓ Hgb/Hct
Anemia
Blood loss
Hemodilution
Chemotherapy
Thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets)
Infection
Beta-lactam antibiotics, sulfonamide antibiotics, vancomycin, heparin
Thrombocytosis (increased platelets)
Anemia, blood loss
CBC complete blood count
WBC RBC Hgb Hct Platelets
differentials
in addition to cbc Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils
mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
red blood cell size
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
mean hemoglobin content in each RBC
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
mean conc of hemoglobin in RBC
Red blood cell distribution width (RDW)
amount of red blood cell variation in volume and size
Reticulocyte count
immature RBC
MCV and MCH and MCHC and RDW determine
what type of anemia is occurring
ferritin
iron storage protein
Total iron binding capacity (TIBC)
directly related to transferrin
international normalized ratio (INR)
time it takes for blood to clot
(PT patient/PT normal)^ISI
Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT):
measure of intrinsic and common clotting pathways
monitors heparin therapy
anti factor Xa
measure of ability to reduce factor Xa activity
monitors heparin therapy
D dimer
measure of fibrin degradation
PT INR is usually used to measure
warfarin therapy
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR):
indirect marker of acute phase reactants
early way of telling if you have inflammation
C-reactive protein (CRP):
marker of inflammation
procalcitonin
marker of inflammation, especially bacterial infection
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH):
measure of tissue damage
high uric acid
gout, malignancy
Thiazide diuretics, calcineurin inhibitors
increased amylase
normalizes within 3-5 days
- pancreatitis
- salivary glands
increased lipase
normalizes within 2 weeks
- pancreatitis
- > Alcohol
- > Delayed presentation
Urinalysis
color, clarity, volume, pH
anuria
Failure of kidneys to produce urine
oliguria
the production of abnormally small amounts of urine
hyaline
only found in healthy patients
surrogate endpoint
a laboratory measurement used as a substitute for a clinically meaningful endpoint that is a direct measure of how a patient feels, functions, or survives and is expected to predict the effect of the therapy
