LABORATORY RESULTS SECTION 2

Question 1

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

leukopenia (reduced WBC)

Answer 1

Infection, Bone marrow disorders, Autoimmune disease

Question 2

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

leukocytosis (increased WBC)

Answer 2

Infection, Inflammation, stress

Question 3

neutrophils

Answer 3

Infection, especially bacterial

Cigarette smoking

Question 4

lymphocytes

Answer 4

Infection, especially viral
Stress
Allergy

Question 5

monocytes

Answer 5

Infection, especially bacterial

Inflammation

Question 6

eosinophils and basophils

Answer 6

Allergy

Parasitic infection

Question 7

the differentials describe each type of WBC

Answer 7

as a % of the total WBC.
ex neutrophil is 85% of WBC. the absolute neutrophil count converts that percentage into a final #. so absolute neutrophil count would be 85% of WBC so .85 times the total # of WBC’s = 8.5

Question 8

left shift

Answer 8

infectious situation. bands are increased in patient. this means body is responding to infectious process.

Question 9

bands

Answer 9

immature neutrophils

Question 10

segs

Answer 10

matured neutrophils

Question 11

granulocytes

Answer 11

neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Question 12

low RBC

Answer 12

Iron deficiency, folate deficiency,

Question 13

↓ Hgb/Hct

Answer 13

Anemia
Blood loss
Hemodilution
Chemotherapy

Question 14

Thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets)

Answer 14

Infection

Beta-lactam antibiotics, sulfonamide antibiotics, vancomycin, heparin

Question 15

Thrombocytosis (increased platelets)

Answer 15

Anemia, blood loss

Question 16

CBC complete blood count

Answer 16

WBC
RBC
Hgb
Hct
Platelets

Question 17

differentials

Answer 17

in addition to cbc 
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 18

mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

Answer 18

red blood cell size

Question 19

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)

Answer 19

mean hemoglobin content in each RBC

Question 20

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

Answer 20

mean conc of hemoglobin in RBC

Question 21

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW)

Answer 21

amount of red blood cell variation in volume and size

Question 22

Reticulocyte count

Answer 22

immature RBC

Question 23

MCV and MCH and MCHC and RDW determine

Answer 23

what type of anemia is occurring

Question 24

ferritin

Answer 24

iron storage protein

Question 25

Total iron binding capacity (TIBC)

Answer 25

directly related to transferrin

Question 26

international normalized ratio (INR)

Answer 26

time it takes for blood to clot | (PT patient/PT normal)^ISI

Question 27

Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT):

Answer 27

measure of intrinsic and common clotting pathways | monitors heparin therapy

Question 28

anti factor Xa

Answer 28

measure of ability to reduce factor Xa activity | monitors heparin therapy

Question 29

D dimer

Answer 29

measure of fibrin degradation

Question 30

PT INR is usually used to measure

Answer 30

warfarin therapy

Question 31

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR):

Answer 31

indirect marker of acute phase reactants | early way of telling if you have inflammation

Question 32

C-reactive protein (CRP):

Answer 32

marker of inflammation

Question 33

procalcitonin

Answer 33

marker of inflammation, especially bacterial infection

Question 34

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH):

Answer 34

measure of tissue damage

Question 35

high uric acid

Answer 35

gout, malignancy | Thiazide diuretics, calcineurin inhibitors

Question 36

increased amylase

Answer 36

normalizes within 3-5 days - pancreatitis - salivary glands

Question 37

increased lipase

Answer 37

normalizes within 2 weeks - pancreatitis - > Alcohol - > Delayed presentation

Question 38

Urinalysis

Answer 38

color, clarity, volume, pH

Question 39

anuria

Answer 39

Failure of kidneys to produce urine

Question 40

oliguria

Answer 40

the production of abnormally small amounts of urine

Question 41

hyaline

Answer 41

only found in healthy patients

Question 42

surrogate endpoint

Answer 42

a laboratory measurement used as a substitute for a clinically meaningful endpoint that is a direct measure of how a patient feels, functions, or survives and is expected to predict the effect of the therapy