LABORATORY HAZARDS Flashcards
What are the types of safety hazards
Biological
Sharps
Chemical
Radioactive
Electrical
Radioactive
Electrical
Fire/Explosive
Physical
What is the sequence in chain of infection
Means of transmission
PORTAL OF ENTRY
SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
INFECTIOUS AGENT
RESERVOIR
PORTAL OF EXIT
What is OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
what is CDC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Not limited to blood born pathogens
All body fluids and moist body substances are possibly infectious
Body Substance Isolation (BSI)
Patients are considered as possible carriers of bloodborne pathogens
Universal Precautions (UP) - 1987
Excluded urine and other body fluids not visibly contaminated by blood
Universal Precautions (UP) - 1987
Combination of UP and BSI guidelines
Standard Precaution
Standard precaution
HAND HYGIENE
GLOVES
MOUTH, NOSE AND EYE PROTECTIONS
GOWN
What is DONNING OF PPE
Gown
Mask
Goggles
Gloves
Biologic waste disposal
Place all specimen (except urine) in a container with biohazard symbol
What if DOFFING of PPE
Gloves
Gown
Goggles
Mask
Handwashing Procedure:
- Wet your hands with clean, running water (warm or cold), turn off the tap, apply soap
- Lather your hands by rubbing them together with the soap. Be sure to lather the backs of your hands, between your finger, and under your nails.
- Scrub your hands for at least 20 seconds. Need timer? Hum the “Happy Birthday” song from begging to end twice
- Rinse your hands in a downward under clean, running water.
- Dry your hands using a clean towel or air dry them. Turn of faucet with clean paper towel
- Biologic waste should be: incinerated, autoclaved, or picked up by a licensed disposal company
Biologic waste disposal
Needles, lancets, broken glassware
Possible injury: cuts, puncture, or blood borne exposure
SHARP HAZARDS
Chemical Spills and Exposure
- If there’s skin contact – flush the area with large amount of water for at least 15 minutes, then seek medical attention
- Remove contaminated clothing
Disposable sharp objects in puncture resistant containers with biohazard symbol
SHARP HAZARDS
Discard urine in the sink, then flush with water, disinfect the sink (using 1:5 or 1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite) daily
Biologic waste disposal
NFPA Hazard diamond
Chemical Labeling National Fire Protection Association (NFPA 704)
Provides immediate general sense of hazards as they relate to emergency response
A number rating system of 0-4 is provided to rate each of the four hazards
Chemical Labeling National Fire Protection Association (NFPA 704)
examples of health hazard
4 - DEADLY
3 - EXTREME DANGER
2 - HAZARDOUS
1 - SLIGHTLY HAZARDOUS
0 - NORMAL MATERIAL
examples of specific hazard
ACID
ALKALI
CORROSIVE
OXIDISER
RADIATION HAZARD
USE NO WATER
examples of fire hazard
4 - below 73 °F
3 - Below 100°F
2 - Below 200°F
1 - Above 200°F
0 - will not burn
examples of instability hazard
4 - May detonate
3 - Shock and health may detonate
2 - Violent chemical change
1 - unstable if healed
0 - stable
(MSDS)
Material Safety Data Sheets
RADIOACTIVE HAZARDS
- Radioisotopes are used in the procedure
- The amount of radioactivity present in the laboratory is very small and not dangerous, however the effects of radiation are cumulative related to the amount of exposure
- Persons exposed to radioactive hazards are requires to wear a film badge
Information included in an MSDS:
a. Physical and Chemical Characteristics
b. Fire and explosion potential
c. Reactivity potential d. Health hazards
e. Routes of entry
f. Methods of safe handling & disposal
g. Exposure limit & carcinogenic potential
A document required by OSHA detailing safety information about each hazardous substance
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
Physical harm from laboratory shocks or burns when a person comes into contact with an electrical sources
Dangers from fire caused by heat and sparks generated by malfunctioning wiring or equipment
Recommended safeguards from NFPA
- Extension cords/ outlet adapters should not be used
- Equipment should not be operated with wet hands.
- Report dangerous conditions such as frayed cords and overloaded circuits to the appropriate persons
- Circuit breakers should be labeled and conveniently located
- Electrical equipment should not be used in areas with flammable materials
- There should be constant electrical safety checks.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
- Avoid running in the work place
- Watch for wet floors
- Keep long hair pulled back
- Avoid dangling jewelry
- Use closed-toe shoes
FIRE/EXPLOSIVE HAZARDS
- three elements: heat, fuel, and an oxidizing agent (usually oxygen).
- prevented or extinguished by removing any one of them.
- A fire naturally occurs when the elements are combined in the right mixture.
Types of Fire and Fire Extinguishers:
Type: Common materials wood, paper, clothing
Extinguisher: Water
Class fire: A
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
A. Halon - liquefied, compressed gas
B. A – pressurized water
C. BC – carbon dioxide
D. ABC – dry chemicals
Types of Fire and Fire Extinguishers:
Type: flammable organic chem.. Gas , alcohol , solvent
Extinguisher: dry chem.,CO2 , foam, halon
Class fire: B
Types of Fire and Fire Extinguishers:
Type: electrical
Extinguisher: dry chem.,CO2 , halon
Class fire: C
Types of Fire and Fire Extinguishers:
Type: combustible chemicals/ metals
Extinguisher: sand or dry powder
Class fire: D
Types of Fire and Fire Extinguishers:
Type: grease oils, fats
Extinguisher: liquids designed to prevent splashing & cool the fire
Class fire: K
FIRE/EXPLOSIVE HAZARDS
WHAT ARE THE three elements
three elements: heat, fuel, and an oxidizing agent (usually oxygen).
A fire naturally occurs when the elements are combined in the right mixture.
FIRE/EXPLOSIVE HAZARDS
prevented or extinguished by removing any one of them.
FIRE/EXPLOSIVE HAZARDS
RACE
RESCUE
ALARM
CONTAIN
EXTINGUISH
PASS
PULL
AIM
SQUEEZE
SWEEP
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
dry chemicals
ABC – dry chemicals
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
pressurized water
A – pressurized water
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
carbon dioxide
BC – carbon dioxide
