Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PMLS WEEK 2-5 > ETHICS > Flashcards

ETHICS Flashcards

1
Q

A branch of philosophy concerned with establishing the principle of right and wrong behavior

A

Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Philosophy

A

Study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

It is a moral code that guides how an individual should behave

A

Ethics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

It is about the individual’s search for meaning while dealing with human problems which may be logical (problems of reasoning), epistemological (problems of the truth, cosmological (problems of universe), ethical (problems of morality), aesthetical (problems of art and beauty) or scientific problems (problems of science)

(Timbreza, 1993)

A

Ethics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
At the moment a person is born, he or she begins to suffer and will continue to suffer until death

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Human beings are logical beings but human existence is inexplicable

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ability of an individual to perform one’s duties well

A

Competence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Privacy

A

A person’s right to keep personal information out of public view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Communication between a professional and a subject; gives permission for a procedure to occur

A

Informed consent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Capacity to keep information restricted to only those who have permission to view it

A

Confidentiality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Beneficence (doing good) and Non-maleficence (to do no harm

A

Aim to help and do no harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Interdisciplinary field
encompassing a
broad range of
domains:public health,
health research and
clinical care (WHO)

A

Health Ethics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Adherence to ethical principles; honest behaviors

A

Integrity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fidelity and Responsibility

A

Establish trust and uphold one’s responsibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

deals with a diverse prescription of universal concepts and principles that serve as the foundation of moral beliefs

A

Ethics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Donal Harrington

A

morality can be viewed in different perspectives-as a law, as an inner conviction, as love, as personal growth, and as social transformation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the nuances between ethics and morality as illustrated by James Gustafson (1974).

A

Theoretical prescriptions/Critiques
- The nature of the good
-The nature of human person
-Criteria of judgment

Based on principles practiced by a particular community

-Fundamental convictions of human agent
-Character of moral agent
-Use of norms
-Situational analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ETHICAL ISSUES IN HEALTHCARE

A

. Patient Privacy and Confidentiality
. Transmission of Diseases
. Relationships
. End-of-Life Issues
. Elderly Patients
. Aggressive marketing practices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

-Right of healthcare providers to protect themselves from
communicable diseases, whether by direct or indirect contact with an
infected patient.
-Patient’s health history

A

Transmission of Diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Terminally ill patient’s special wishes – “LivingWill”

A

End-of-Life Issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) define
what information can be released and to whom.

A

Protection of private patient information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • Sexual relationships (in healthcare facilities)
  • STRICTLY FORBIDDEN
A

Relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A concept associated with Passive Euthanasia

A

LIVING WILL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • Patient care, not marketing schemes
  • Marketing campaign is truthful,sincere and not misleading
A

Aggressive marketing practices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • Not capable of making rational decisions
  • “LivingWill”
A

Elderly Patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Anchored on the principle that morality is relative to the norms of a particular culture.

A

Ethical relativism/moral relativism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A written document that allows a patient to give explicit instructions in advance about the
medical treatment to be administered when he or she is terminally ill or no longer able to express informed consent

A

LIVING WILL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

It is a theory based on norms relative to a particular culture or society.

A

Ethical Relativism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

For example, some cultures may accept certain acts and behaviors that are unacceptable to other cultures.

A

Ethical Relativism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

-Acknowledges societal diversity, that every society has a unique moral design and culture; and people’s beliefs are greatly influenced by culture.

-The challenge to each society is the preservation of its cultural uniqueness and acknowledgment of cultural differences.

A

Ethical Relativism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

It is a philosophical approach or movement that began in the 1870s.
The term was coined by Charles Sanders Peirce and further developed by William James.

A

ETHICAL PRAGMATISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

It is considered as America’s most distinctive and major contribution to the field of philosophy.

It is more of a theory on knowledge, truth, and meaning rather than morality. Although the language of moral interest may appear in many of the writings of Peirce and James

A

ETHICAL PRAGMATISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Voluntary active
euthanasia

A

Intentionally administering medications or other interventions to
cause the patient’s death with the patient’s informed consent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Involuntary
active
euthanasia

A

Intentionally administering medications or other interventions to cause
the patient’s death when the patient was competent to consent but did
not—eg, the patient may not have been asked.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Nonvoluntary
active euthanasia

A

Intentionally administering medications or other interventions to cause the patient’s death when the patient was incompetent and was mentally incapable of consenting—eg, the patient might have been in a coma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Administering narcotics or other medications to relieve pain with the
incidental consequence of causing sufficient respiratory depression to
result in the patient’s death.

A

Indirect euthanasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining medical treatments from a
patient to let the patient die (terminating life-sustaining treatments).

A

Passive euthanasia

30
Q

ETHICAL UTILITARIANISM is Founded by two English Philosophers:

A

Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)
John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)

31
Q

states that the rightness or wrongness of actions is determined by their consequences.

A

The school of ethics

32
Q

What are the moral issues that are perceived to be controversial?

A

Abortion
Euthanasia (Mercy Killing)
Genetic Engineering

33
Q

What article states that Abortion is illegal in the Philippines

A

Article II, Section 12 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution

34
Q

Article II, Section 12 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution

A

The state recognizes the sanctity of life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the mother
and the life of the unborn from conception (Article II, Section 12).

35
Q

is the practice of ending a life intentionally, usually in situations when an individual is terminally ill

A

Euthanasia

36
Q

Herbert Hendin (2004)

A

describes euthanasia as the process of inducing the painless death of a person who is severely debilitated for reasons assumed to be merciful

36
Q

Also known as mercy killing, it is regarded as a merciful release of an individual from an incurable sickness.

A

Euthanasia

37
Q

Health Care Providers

A
  • Mustseek to protect patient privacy in all settings to the greatest extent possible
38
Q

Health Care Providers should

A

-Minimize intrusion on privacy
-Inform the patient when there has been a significant infringement on privacy
-Be mindful that individual patients may have special concerns about privacy

39
Q

An applied branch of ethics which analyzes the practice
of clinical medicine and related scientific research

A

MEDICAL ETHICS

40
Q

CLINICAL ETHICS

A

A practical discipline that provides a structured
approach to assist health professionals in identifying,
analyzing and resolving ethical issues that arise in
clinical practice.

41
Q

Ethics in clinical research focuses largely on identifying and implementing the acceptable conditions for exposure of some individuals to risks and burdens for the benefit of society
at large.

A

ETHICS IN CLINICAL RESEARCH

42
Q

7 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES IN HEALTHCARE

A

. Non-maleficence
. Beneficence
. Health Maximization
. Efficiency
. Respect for
. Justice
. Proportionality

43
Q

asserts that a health care professional should act in such a way that he or
she does no harm, even if her or his patient or client requests it.

A

Non-maleficence
Do no harm

44
Q

The obligation to produce benefit, for individual patients or clients

A

. Beneficence

45
Q

. Health Maximization

A

Health of the broader constituency of the public and improvements

46
Q

Acknowledge patient’s rights

A

. Respect for autonomy

47
Q

Efficient use of resources

A

Efficiency

48
Q

Equal rights

A

Justice

49
Q

Proportionality

A

Private good and public interest

50
Q

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
CONCEPTS

A

are principles that
govern the behavior of person or a
group of people.

51
Q

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
CONCEPTS

A

Unlike values, professional ethics are
often codified as a set of rules, which
a particular group of people use.

51
Q

Provide rules on how a person should
act towards other people and
institutions

A

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
CONCEPTS

52
Q

ETHICAL PRINCIPLES

A

underpin all professional codes of
conduct.

53
Q

Some universal ethical principles that apply across
all professions, including:

A

-Honesty
-Accountability
-Respect for others
-Trustworthiness
-Adherence to the law
-Loyalty
-Doing good and avoiding harm to others

54
Q

Provide guidelines for the minimum standard
of appropriate behavior in a professional
context

A

CODES OF CONDUCT

55
Q

Sit alongside the general law of the land and the
personal values of members of the profession

A

CODES OF CONDUCT

56
Q

Goal of the (Health) Ethics Committee

A

To establish a written code of ethics that details the policies
and procedures that determine proper conduct for all employees.

*Doctors
* Therapists
Nurses
* Other healthcare
providers
* Assist patients and their families
* Work together to identify,
understand, and resolve difficult
ethical decisions.

57
Q

“actions are good insofar as they tend to promote happiness, bad as they tend to produce unhappiness. The utility or usefulness of an action is determined by the extent to which it
promotes happiness rather than its reverse.”

A

ETHICAL UTILITARIANISM
The principle of utility formulated by Mill

58
Q

duty-based
ethics

A

Deontological

59
Q

School of Ethics Philosophers
Respecting the autonomy of others is a primary value.

A

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) Principles

59
Q

John Locke (1632-1704)

A

School of Ethics Deontological or duty-based ethics: Is It Right?

60
Q

School of Ethics Philosophers
Consequentialist ethics: Is it
good?

A

Philosophers:
David Hume (1711-1776)
Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)
John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)

61
Q

School of Ethics
Actions aim at bringing about the
greatest good for the greatest
number of people.
Benevolence is a primary
value.

A

Main Goals

62
Q

School of Ethics
Philosophers
Virtue Ethics: How to Live Your Life

A

Philosophers/Ethicists
Aristotle (384-322 BCE)

63
Q

Am I doing more good or harm
by my behavior?

A

Consequentialist ethics

64
Q

Is my behavior consistent with being
a moral person?

A

Virtue Ethics: How to Live Your Life

65
Q

-Aspiring to a set of virtues.
-Avoiding a set of vices.
-Integrity is a primary value.

A

Principles Alasdair MacIntyre (1929)

66
Q

Privacy and confidentiality - all subjects
should be able to expect that:

A
  • privacy guidelines will be established
    early
  • private details are not disclosed unless
    required by law
  • conversations will remain confidential
67
Q
  • Mr. X is being recruited to be part
    of the clinical trial for SARS Cov 2
    vaccine.
  • Informed consent - subjects have the right to know:
A

-the purpose of research (phasing
in of new vaccine)
-the nature of the research (clinical
trial)
-the potential dangers and effects
of the research
-all subjects should be debriefed
after the research is completed

68
Q

a controversial ethical issue because it involves genetic manipulations that are perceived to be against moral standards set by the society.

A

Genetic engineering

69
Q

humans are seen to be acting as their own gods because of procedures that enable them to manipulate the genetic make-up of organisms.

A

Genetic engineering

70
Q

a procedure whose main purpose is to screen, choose, and select the genes for proper detection of any genetic disease and other chromosomal malformations (Ciabal, 2003). Genetic screening is usually done for the early diagnosis of diseases.

A

Genetic Screening

71
Q

Genetic interventions

A

are techniques such as genetic control, therapy, and surgery. According to Ciabal (2003), people can now “intervene” in the biological process and “control” bad or defective genes.

72
Q

Is popularly known as laboratory fertilization. In the past, this technology became the subject of controversies because of many religious groups opposing the procedure as they perceive it to be a deviation from the natural process of fertilization.

A

In vitro fertilization (IVF)

72
Q

is a form of genetic engineering that makes use of stem cells to treat or prevent diseases. It has been the subject of controversy because of how stem cells are sourced

A

Stem-ceil therapy

73
Q

covers the philosophy of doing what is right.

A

Ethics

74
Q

serves as the guiding principle in the ethical practice of a profession.

A

The code of ethics

74
Q

covers the morally accepted behavior of individuals in the workplace

A

Professional Ethics

75
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Professionalism in the workplace is necessary in maintaining a healthy and productive work environment.

A

TRUE

76
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Professional ethics guide individuals in dealing with issues and conflicts in the workplace in order for them to remain functional.

A

TRUE

77
Q

Deals with a diverse prescription of universal concepts and principles that serve as foundation of moral beliefs.

A

Ethics

78
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Diversity, decision making, compliance, and governance are some of the concerns that need to be considered when doing an ethical review in the context of the health care profession.

A

TRUE

79
Q

covers the accepted behavior of individuals in the workplace setting.

A

Professional ethics

PMLS WEEK 2-5 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions