Laboratory Hazards Flashcards
What are the types of laboratory hazards?
Biological Hazards, Chemical Hazards, Physical Hazards, Safety Hazards
Any biological material, such as microorganisms, plants, animals, or their byproducts, that threatens the health of living organisms, most especially humans and animals.
Biological Hazards
Potential biohazards should be handled with no caution as they may cause harm and be fatal in certain cases. (True or False?)
False (should be handled with extreme caution)
Animal waste is what type of hazard?
Biological Hazards
Blood, serum, plasma, and other blood components in liquid or semi-liquid form.
Human blood or blood products
Direct contact with the biological hazard
Human bodily matter
Urine is what kind of biological hazard?
Human bodily matter
Waste products, cockroaches
Animal waste
Usually found in laboratories
Microbiological waste
May contain concentrated infectious products such as blood, bodily fluids that have pathogens, specimen, cultures, and viruses.
Microbiological waste
Any animal body part or beddings of infected animals.
Animal waste
Covers any human body part, tissue or organ that may have been taken out during a surgical procedure.
Pathological waste
Belonging to a larger group of infectious waste.
Sharps waste
What are examples of sharps waste?
syringes
sharp tooth
broken glass
anything that are risk of pathologic cross contamination
anything that is pierced through the skin
Pathogenic microbes which are small enough to be discharged from infected person.
Airborne pathogens
Found in nature and is needed for the breakdown of plant debris.
Molds and yeasts
Such microorganisms can enter a building directly or their force can be carried in by the air.
Molds and yeasts
Easily transmitted through dismissing.
Airborne pathogens
Examples of airborne pathogens?
coughing
direct or close contact
Employers must establish safety guidelines to ensure minimal risk brought about by such workplace hazards, further keeping workers safe on duty. (True or False?)
True
Most prevalent biohazard in terms of frequency or occurrence.
Simple allergens
Associated with the use and care of laboratory animals.
Simple allergens
Up to ___ are infected by animal related allergies.
50%
According to a survey, ____workers from ___ animal facilities, __of them had allergy symptoms related to laboratory animals
5,641 workers, 137 animal facilities, 23%
What are the biological agents and biological toxins?
Blood and body fluids
Culture specimens
Body tissue and cadavers
Laboratory animals
Not known to consistently cause disease in healthy adult humans
BSL-1
Moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment.
BSL-2
Microbes there can either be indigenous or exotic
BSL-3
Dangerous and exotic
BSL-4
Extremely dangerous pathogens that expose humans to life-threatening diseases
BSL-4
Pertain to viruses and bacteria
BSL-1
Includes bacteria and viruses that cause mild diseases to humans.
BSL-2
Which biosafety level do these examples belong: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, E.coli K-12, non-infectious bacteria
BSL-1
Minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment
BSL-1
Requires minimal precaution such as wearing face masks and maintaining no close contact
BSL-1
Includes bacteria and viruses that cause mild diseases to humans.
BSL-2
Difficult to contract via aerosol in a lab setting.
BSL-2
Which biosafety level do these examples belong: Hepatitis A virus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Borrelia burgforferi (Lyme disease). Salmonella species, HIV
BSL-2
Can cause serious or potentially lethal disease through respiratory transmission
BSL-3
Which biosafety level do these examples belong: Yersinia pestis (plague), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, SARS, rabies virus, West Nile Virus, hantaviruses
BSL-3
Posing a high risk of aerosol-transmitted infections
BSL-4
Extremely dangerous pathogens that expose humans to life-threatening diseases
BSL-4
Requires maximum protections and containment of biological hazard
BSL-4
Which biosafety level do these examples belong: Ebola virus, smallpox virus
BSL-4
Hazardous laboratory chemicals include cancer-causing agents (carcinogens)
Chemical Hazards
Any substance regardless of its form that can potentially cause physical and health hazard to people or can result to harm to the environment.
Chemical Hazards
Agents that act on the blood system or damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.
Chemical Hazards
Toxins that may affect the liver, kidney, or nervous system, irritants, corrosives, and sensitizers
Chemical Hazards
According to the _____________ it is important that personnel working in the laboratory are aware of the risk and hazards associated with their daily work
Hazard Communication Standard of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Can ignite when exposed to other elements.
Flammable
Gases that can cause difficulty in breathing, unconsciousness or death by suffocation.
Asphyxiating gases
Substances under certain conditions or when exposed to different elements can cause severe physical hazards such as fire and explosions.
Reactive
Acidic corrosives are hydrochloric (muriatic) acid, and sulfuric acid
Acid
Can cause physiological development of abnormalities and birth defects
Teratogens
Affects pregnant women and animals
Teratogens
Cause redness, rashes, and redness
Irritants
Develop allergy reaction after a certain amount of time
Sensitizers
Can cause irreversible changes or mutation to a person’s DNA.
Mutagens
Cancer causing, natural or man-made
Carcinogens
What type of chemicals hazards are these: Nitrogen (N2), helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), methane (CH4), propane (CH3CH2CH3), carbon dioxide (CO2)
Asphyxiating Gases
What type of chemicals hazards are these: chromium, nickel, chromiumdehyde, formaldehyde
Sensitizers
Used to preserve tissues is pathology
Formaldehyde
What are the Chemical Hazards?
Asphyxiating Gases, Irritants, Sensitizers, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Teratogens, Reactive, Flammable (TRAMFISC)
Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Arsenic, Asbestos, Cadmium, Coke oven fumes, Chromium compounds, Coal gasification, Nickel refining, Foundry substances, Radon, Soot, Tars, Oils, Silica
Lung
Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Arsenic, Vinyl chloride
Liver
Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Chlorophenols, Chlorophenoxyl herbicides
Soft-tissue sarcoma
Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Aluminum production, Rubber industry, Leather industry, 4-aminobiphenyl, Benzidine
Bladder
Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Arsenic, Coal tars, Mineral oils, Sunlight
Skin
Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Formaldehyde, Isopropyl alcohol manufacture, mustard gas, Nickel refining, leather dust, wood dust
Nasal cavity, Sinuses
Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Benzene, Ethylene oxide, herbicides, x-radiation system
Lymphatic, Hematopoietic
Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Asbestos, Isopropyl alcohol, Mustard gas
Larynx
Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Formaldehyde, Muster gas
Pharynx
Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Asbestos
Mesothelioma
What hazard does the color ‘white’ mean in the Chemical Hazard Identification System?
Specific Hazard
What hazard does the color ‘red’ mean in the Chemical Hazard Identification System?
Fire Hazard
What hazard does the color ‘yellow’ mean in the Chemical Hazard Identification System?
Reactivity
What hazard does the color ‘blue’ mean in the Chemical Hazard Identification System?
Health Hazard
Health Hazard: 0
Normal Material
Health Hazard: 1
Slightly Hazardous
Health Hazard: 2
Hazardous
Health Hazard: 3
Extreme Danger
Health Hazard: 4
Dangerous
Fire Hazard: 0
Will not burn
Fire Hazard: 1
Above 200° F
Fire Hazard: 2
Below 200° F
Fire Hazard: 3
Below 100° F
Fire Hazard: 4
Below 73° F
Specific Hazard: ACID
Acid
Specific Hazard: ALK
Alkaline
Specific Hazard: COR
Corrosive
Specific Hazard: OXY
Oxidizer
Specific Hazard: ☢
Radioactive
Specific Hazard: w na may slash
Use no water
Reactivity: 0
Stable
Reactivity: 1
Unstable if Heated
Reactivity: 2
Violent Chemical Damage
Reactivity: 3
Shock/Heat May Detonate
Reactivity: 4
May Detonate
Includes information such as the properties of each chemical; the physical, health, and environmental health hazards; protective measures; and safety precautions for handling, storing, and transporting the chemical.
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Formerly known as Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
SDS provides guidance for each specific chemical on things such as: ______, _______, _______
Personal Protective Equipment, First aid procedures, Spill clean-up procedures
Factors or conditions within the environment that can harm your health.
Physical Hazards
What are the examples of Physical Hazards?
Body Stressing, Confined Spaces, Electricity, Heat, Heights, Noise, Ergonomics
Collective term covering a broad range of health problems associated with repetitive and strenuous work.
Body Stressing
job demands, imbalance of effort and reward
Psychosocial aspect
soft tissue damage, blood trauma, sprain
Biomechanical aspect
Enclosed spaces, poor ventilation.
Confined Spaces
Electric shock, poor electrical installation
Electricity
Being exposed to high humidity such as laundries, commercial kitchen
Heat
Work in tall buildings
Heights
Excessive noise which can lead to temporary or permanent hearing loss.
Noise
How best to design the workplace for comfort and productivity.
Ergonomics
Use of extension cords should be avoided.
Electrical Hazards
Equipment with loose plugs or frayed cords should not be used.
Electrical Hazards
Stepping on cords, rolling heavy equipment over cords, and other abuse of cords should be prohibited.
Electrical Hazards
What are the 5 main types of fire extinguishers?
Water, Foam Spray, ABC powder, Carbon Dioxide, Wet Chemical
Type of fire extinguisher that is labeled as red
Water
Type of fire extinguisher that is labeled as cream
Foam Spray
Type of fire extinguisher that is labeled as blue
ABC powder
Type of fire extinguisher that is labeled as black
Carbon Dioxide
Type of fire extinguisher that is labeled as yellow
Wet Chemical
Used to tackle Class A fires caused by ignited paper, wood, or straw
Water
Gets rid of Class A and Class B fires, but not cooking oil, burning liquids, paint, and turpentine
Foam Spray
Can be used in electrical fires but they leave a residue that has to be cleaned up.
Foam Spray
Smoothers the fire and stop it from spreading.
ABC Powder
The ABC powder does soak and does have a cooling effect which do not reignite the fire. (True or False?)
False (the powder DOES NOT soak and DOES NOT have a cooling effect which CAN reignite the fire)
Its powder is hazardous when inhaled
ABC Powder
Wet chemicals should only be used in well-ventilated areas and should not be used in offices or domestic premises. (True or False?)
False (ABC POWDER should only be used in well-ventilated areas and should not be used in offices or domestic premises)
Used in fire evolving burning liquids
Carbon Dioxide
This type of extinguisher leaves no residue
Carbon Dioxide
Least expensive type of fire extinguisher
Water
The only extinguisher suitable for class F fires
Wet Chemical
This type of extinguisher are mainly used in kitchens
Wet Chemical
What does the abbreviation PASS mean?
Pull the pin
Aim low at the base of the fire
Squeeze the lever slowly
Sweep the nozzle from side to side
What does the abbreviation PASS mean?
Pull the pin
Aim low at the base of the fire
Squeeze the lever slowly
Sweep the nozzle from side to side
Typically associated with exposure to dangerous conditions or situations
Safety Hazards
Typically associated with exposure to harmful substances
Health Hazards
Cause immediate or long-term health effects
Health Hazards
Generally only pose a risk of injury
Safety Hazards
Readily apparent
Safety Hazards
Asbestos, May not be immediately apparent
Health Hazards
Usually relevant to children and the elderly
Safety Hazards
Affect people of all ages
Health Hazard
Typically regulated by consumer protection laws
Safety Hazards
Typically regulated by occupational health and safety laws
Health Hazards
While others, such as exposure to radiation, are not typically associated with safety hazards
Healthy Hazards
Noise Pollution
Safety Hazards
Typically controlled through physical barriers and warnings
Safety Hazards
Controlled through engineering and administrative controls
Health Hazards
Usually only present in the workplace
Safety Hazards
Present in both the workplace and the home
Health Hazards
Skin cancer, can result from exposure to the sun
Safety Hazards
Such as lead poisoning, can result from exposure to consumer products
Health Hazards
Typically managed through engineering controls, warnings, and personal protective equipment.
Safety Hazards
Managed through a variety of methods, including hazard communication, occupational hygiene, medical surveillance
Health Hazards
What are the types of safety hazards?
Biological hazards, Chemical hazards, Physical hazards, Psychosocial hazards,
Types of safety hazards which examples are bacteria and viruses
Biological Hazards
Types of safety hazards which examples are harmful gases and chemicals
Chemical Hazards
Types of safety hazards which examples are noise and radiation
Physical Hazards
Types of safety hazards which examples are stress and violence
Psychosocial Hazards
You can’t control a hazard if you don’t know it exist
Identify the hazard
This will help you to determine how serious the hazard is, and what needs to be done to control it.
Evaluate the risk
Might involve things like changing the way, work is done, providing personal protective equipment, or increasing safety training.
Implement Controls
This will help make sure that the controls are effective, and that hazard is being properly controlled.
Monitor and Review
When was the OSH Law implemented?
August 17, 2018
This law ensures safer workplaces by requiring employers to provide complete safe work procedures, information dissemination about work-related hazards, safety and health training, and protective equipment.
Republic Act No. 11058
Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) was published on?
December 7, 2018
Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) was published on December 7, 2018 through_____
Department Order No. 198
Hierarchy of controls where you physically remove the hazard
Elimination
Hierarchy of controls where you replace the hazard
Substitution
Hierarchy of controls where you isolate people from the hazard
Isolation
Hierarchy of controls where you engineer out the hazard
Engineering Controls
Hierarchy of controls where you change the way people work
Administrative Controls
Hierarchy of controls where protect the worker with Personal Protective Equipment
PPE
What are the 4 rights of a worker?
Right to Know, Right to Refuse Unsafe Work, Right to Report Accidents, Right to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
All workers shall be appropriately informed by the employer about all types of hazards in the workplace, and be provided access to training, education, and orientation on safety and risks.
Right to Know
The worker has the right to refuse work without threat or reprisal from the employer if an imminent danger situation exists.
Right to Refuse Unsafe Work
Workers and their representatives shall have the right to report accidents, dangerous occurrences, and hazards to the employer, to DOLE, and other concerned government agencies. They shall be free from any form of retaliation for reporting an accident.
Right to Report Accidents
Employers shall provide workers PPE for any part of the body that may be exposed to hazards; a lifeline, safety belt, or harness; and respirators, masks, or shields when necessary. This should be free of charge.
Right to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
