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Principles of Medical Laboratory Science - MIDTERMS > Laboratory Hazards > Flashcards

Laboratory Hazards Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the types of laboratory hazards?

A

Biological Hazards, Chemical Hazards, Physical Hazards, Safety Hazards

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2
Q

Any biological material, such as microorganisms, plants, animals, or their byproducts, that threatens the health of living organisms, most especially humans and animals.

A

Biological Hazards

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3
Q

Potential biohazards should be handled with no caution as they may cause harm and be fatal in certain cases. (True or False?)

A

False (should be handled with extreme caution)

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4
Q

Animal waste is what type of hazard?

A

Biological Hazards

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5
Q

Blood, serum, plasma, and other blood components in liquid or semi-liquid form.

A

Human blood or blood products

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6
Q

Direct contact with the biological hazard

A

Human bodily matter

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7
Q

Urine is what kind of biological hazard?

A

Human bodily matter

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8
Q

Waste products, cockroaches

A

Animal waste

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9
Q

Usually found in laboratories

A

Microbiological waste

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10
Q

May contain concentrated infectious products such as blood, bodily fluids that have pathogens, specimen, cultures, and viruses.

A

Microbiological waste

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11
Q

Any animal body part or beddings of infected animals.

A

Animal waste

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12
Q

Covers any human body part, tissue or organ that may have been taken out during a surgical procedure.

A

Pathological waste

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13
Q

Belonging to a larger group of infectious waste.

A

Sharps waste

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14
Q

What are examples of sharps waste?

A

syringes
sharp tooth
broken glass
anything that are risk of pathologic cross contamination
anything that is pierced through the skin

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15
Q

Pathogenic microbes which are small enough to be discharged from infected person.

A

Airborne pathogens

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16
Q

Found in nature and is needed for the breakdown of plant debris.

A

Molds and yeasts

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17
Q

Such microorganisms can enter a building directly or their force can be carried in by the air.

A

Molds and yeasts

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18
Q

Easily transmitted through dismissing.

A

Airborne pathogens

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19
Q

Examples of airborne pathogens?

A

coughing
direct or close contact

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20
Q

Employers must establish safety guidelines to ensure minimal risk brought about by such workplace hazards, further keeping workers safe on duty. (True or False?)

A

True

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21
Q

Most prevalent biohazard in terms of frequency or occurrence.

A

Simple allergens

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22
Q

Associated with the use and care of laboratory animals.

A

Simple allergens

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23
Q

Up to ___ are infected by animal related allergies.

A

50%

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24
Q

According to a survey, ____workers from ___ animal facilities, __of them had allergy symptoms related to laboratory animals

A

5,641 workers, 137 animal facilities, 23%

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25
Q

What are the biological agents and biological toxins?

A

Blood and body fluids
Culture specimens
Body tissue and cadavers
Laboratory animals

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26
Q

Not known to consistently cause disease in healthy adult humans

A

BSL-1

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27
Q

Moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment.

A

BSL-2

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28
Q

Microbes there can either be indigenous or exotic

A

BSL-3

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29
Q

Dangerous and exotic

A

BSL-4

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30
Q

Extremely dangerous pathogens that expose humans to life-threatening diseases

A

BSL-4

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31
Q

Pertain to viruses and bacteria

A

BSL-1

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32
Q

Includes bacteria and viruses that cause mild diseases to humans.

A

BSL-2

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33
Q

Which biosafety level do these examples belong: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, E.coli K-12, non-infectious bacteria

A

BSL-1

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34
Q

Minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment

A

BSL-1

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35
Q

Requires minimal precaution such as wearing face masks and maintaining no close contact

A

BSL-1

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36
Q

Includes bacteria and viruses that cause mild diseases to humans.

A

BSL-2

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37
Q

Difficult to contract via aerosol in a lab setting.

A

BSL-2

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38
Q

Which biosafety level do these examples belong: Hepatitis A virus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Borrelia burgforferi (Lyme disease). Salmonella species, HIV

A

BSL-2

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39
Q

Can cause serious or potentially lethal disease through respiratory transmission

A

BSL-3

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40
Q

Which biosafety level do these examples belong: Yersinia pestis (plague), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, SARS, rabies virus, West Nile Virus, hantaviruses

A

BSL-3

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41
Q

Posing a high risk of aerosol-transmitted infections

A

BSL-4

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42
Q

Extremely dangerous pathogens that expose humans to life-threatening diseases

A

BSL-4

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43
Q

Requires maximum protections and containment of biological hazard

A

BSL-4

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44
Q

Which biosafety level do these examples belong: Ebola virus, smallpox virus

A

BSL-4

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45
Q

Hazardous laboratory chemicals include cancer-causing agents (carcinogens)

A

Chemical Hazards

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46
Q

Any substance regardless of its form that can potentially cause physical and health hazard to people or can result to harm to the environment.

A

Chemical Hazards

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47
Q

Agents that act on the blood system or damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.

A

Chemical Hazards

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48
Q

Toxins that may affect the liver, kidney, or nervous system, irritants, corrosives, and sensitizers

A

Chemical Hazards

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49
Q

According to the _____________ it is important that personnel working in the laboratory are aware of the risk and hazards associated with their daily work

A

Hazard Communication Standard of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

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50
Q

Can ignite when exposed to other elements.

A

Flammable

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51
Q

Gases that can cause difficulty in breathing, unconsciousness or death by suffocation.

A

Asphyxiating gases

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52
Q

Substances under certain conditions or when exposed to different elements can cause severe physical hazards such as fire and explosions.

A

Reactive

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53
Q

Acidic corrosives are hydrochloric (muriatic) acid, and sulfuric acid

A

Acid

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54
Q

Can cause physiological development of abnormalities and birth defects

A

Teratogens

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55
Q

Affects pregnant women and animals

A

Teratogens

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56
Q

Cause redness, rashes, and redness

A

Irritants

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57
Q

Develop allergy reaction after a certain amount of time

A

Sensitizers

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58
Q

Can cause irreversible changes or mutation to a person’s DNA.

A

Mutagens

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59
Q

Cancer causing, natural or man-made

A

Carcinogens

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60
Q

What type of chemicals hazards are these: Nitrogen (N2), helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), methane (CH4), propane (CH3CH2CH3), carbon dioxide (CO2)

A

Asphyxiating Gases

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61
Q

What type of chemicals hazards are these: chromium, nickel, chromiumdehyde, formaldehyde

A

Sensitizers

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62
Q

Used to preserve tissues is pathology

A

Formaldehyde

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63
Q

What are the Chemical Hazards?

A

Asphyxiating Gases, Irritants, Sensitizers, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Teratogens, Reactive, Flammable (TRAMFISC)

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64
Q

Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Arsenic, Asbestos, Cadmium, Coke oven fumes, Chromium compounds, Coal gasification, Nickel refining, Foundry substances, Radon, Soot, Tars, Oils, Silica

A

Lung

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65
Q

Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Arsenic, Vinyl chloride

A

Liver

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66
Q

Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Chlorophenols, Chlorophenoxyl herbicides

A

Soft-tissue sarcoma

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67
Q

Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Aluminum production, Rubber industry, Leather industry, 4-aminobiphenyl, Benzidine

A

Bladder

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68
Q

Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Arsenic, Coal tars, Mineral oils, Sunlight

A

Skin

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69
Q

Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Formaldehyde, Isopropyl alcohol manufacture, mustard gas, Nickel refining, leather dust, wood dust

A

Nasal cavity, Sinuses

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70
Q

Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Benzene, Ethylene oxide, herbicides, x-radiation system

A

Lymphatic, Hematopoietic

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71
Q

Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Asbestos, Isopropyl alcohol, Mustard gas

A

Larynx

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72
Q

Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Formaldehyde, Muster gas

A

Pharynx

73
Q

Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Asbestos

A

Mesothelioma

74
Q

What hazard does the color ‘white’ mean in the Chemical Hazard Identification System?

A

Specific Hazard

75
Q

What hazard does the color ‘red’ mean in the Chemical Hazard Identification System?

A

Fire Hazard

76
Q

What hazard does the color ‘yellow’ mean in the Chemical Hazard Identification System?

A

Reactivity

77
Q

What hazard does the color ‘blue’ mean in the Chemical Hazard Identification System?

A

Health Hazard

78
Q

Health Hazard: 0

A

Normal Material

79
Q

Health Hazard: 1

A

Slightly Hazardous

80
Q

Health Hazard: 2

A

Hazardous

81
Q

Health Hazard: 3

A

Extreme Danger

82
Q

Health Hazard: 4

A

Dangerous

83
Q

Fire Hazard: 0

A

Will not burn

84
Q

Fire Hazard: 1

A

Above 200° F

85
Q

Fire Hazard: 2

A

Below 200° F

86
Q

Fire Hazard: 3

A

Below 100° F

87
Q

Fire Hazard: 4

A

Below 73° F

88
Q

Specific Hazard: ACID

A

Acid

89
Q

Specific Hazard: ALK

A

Alkaline

90
Q

Specific Hazard: COR

A

Corrosive

91
Q

Specific Hazard: OXY

A

Oxidizer

92
Q

Specific Hazard: ☢

A

Radioactive

93
Q

Specific Hazard: w na may slash

A

Use no water

94
Q

Reactivity: 0

A

Stable

95
Q

Reactivity: 1

A

Unstable if Heated

96
Q

Reactivity: 2

A

Violent Chemical Damage

97
Q

Reactivity: 3

A

Shock/Heat May Detonate

98
Q

Reactivity: 4

A

May Detonate

99
Q

Includes information such as the properties of each chemical; the physical, health, and environmental health hazards; protective measures; and safety precautions for handling, storing, and transporting the chemical.

A

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

100
Q

Formerly known as Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

A

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

101
Q

SDS provides guidance for each specific chemical on things such as: ______, _______, _______

A

Personal Protective Equipment, First aid procedures, Spill clean-up procedures

102
Q

Factors or conditions within the environment that can harm your health.

A

Physical Hazards

103
Q

What are the examples of Physical Hazards?

A

Body Stressing, Confined Spaces, Electricity, Heat, Heights, Noise, Ergonomics

104
Q

Collective term covering a broad range of health problems associated with repetitive and strenuous work.

A

Body Stressing

105
Q

job demands, imbalance of effort and reward

A

Psychosocial aspect

106
Q

soft tissue damage, blood trauma, sprain

A

Biomechanical aspect

107
Q

Enclosed spaces, poor ventilation.

A

Confined Spaces

108
Q

Electric shock, poor electrical installation

A

Electricity

109
Q

Being exposed to high humidity such as laundries, commercial kitchen

A

Heat

110
Q

Work in tall buildings

A

Heights

111
Q

Excessive noise which can lead to temporary or permanent hearing loss.

A

Noise

112
Q

How best to design the workplace for comfort and productivity.

A

Ergonomics

113
Q

Use of extension cords should be avoided.

A

Electrical Hazards

114
Q

Equipment with loose plugs or frayed cords should not be used.

A

Electrical Hazards

115
Q

Stepping on cords, rolling heavy equipment over cords, and other abuse of cords should be prohibited.

A

Electrical Hazards

116
Q

What are the 5 main types of fire extinguishers?

A

Water, Foam Spray, ABC powder, Carbon Dioxide, Wet Chemical

117
Q

Type of fire extinguisher that is labeled as red

A

Water

118
Q

Type of fire extinguisher that is labeled as cream

A

Foam Spray

119
Q

Type of fire extinguisher that is labeled as blue

A

ABC powder

120
Q

Type of fire extinguisher that is labeled as black

A

Carbon Dioxide

121
Q

Type of fire extinguisher that is labeled as yellow

A

Wet Chemical

122
Q

Used to tackle Class A fires caused by ignited paper, wood, or straw

A

Water

123
Q

Gets rid of Class A and Class B fires, but not cooking oil, burning liquids, paint, and turpentine

A

Foam Spray

124
Q

Can be used in electrical fires but they leave a residue that has to be cleaned up.

A

Foam Spray

125
Q

Smoothers the fire and stop it from spreading.

A

ABC Powder

126
Q

The ABC powder does soak and does have a cooling effect which do not reignite the fire. (True or False?)

A

False (the powder DOES NOT soak and DOES NOT have a cooling effect which CAN reignite the fire)

127
Q

Its powder is hazardous when inhaled

A

ABC Powder

128
Q

Wet chemicals should only be used in well-ventilated areas and should not be used in offices or domestic premises. (True or False?)

A

False (ABC POWDER should only be used in well-ventilated areas and should not be used in offices or domestic premises)

129
Q

Used in fire evolving burning liquids

A

Carbon Dioxide

130
Q

This type of extinguisher leaves no residue

A

Carbon Dioxide

131
Q

Least expensive type of fire extinguisher

A

Water

132
Q

The only extinguisher suitable for class F fires

A

Wet Chemical

133
Q

This type of extinguisher are mainly used in kitchens

A

Wet Chemical

134
Q

What does the abbreviation PASS mean?

A

Pull the pin
Aim low at the base of the fire
Squeeze the lever slowly
Sweep the nozzle from side to side

134
Q

What does the abbreviation PASS mean?

A

Pull the pin
Aim low at the base of the fire
Squeeze the lever slowly
Sweep the nozzle from side to side

135
Q

Typically associated with exposure to dangerous conditions or situations

A

Safety Hazards

136
Q

Typically associated with exposure to harmful substances

A

Health Hazards

137
Q

Cause immediate or long-term health effects

A

Health Hazards

138
Q

Generally only pose a risk of injury

A

Safety Hazards

139
Q

Readily apparent

A

Safety Hazards

140
Q

Asbestos, May not be immediately apparent

A

Health Hazards

141
Q

Usually relevant to children and the elderly

A

Safety Hazards

142
Q

Affect people of all ages

A

Health Hazard

143
Q

Typically regulated by consumer protection laws

A

Safety Hazards

144
Q

Typically regulated by occupational health and safety laws

A

Health Hazards

145
Q

While others, such as exposure to radiation, are not typically associated with safety hazards

A

Healthy Hazards

146
Q

Noise Pollution

A

Safety Hazards

147
Q

Typically controlled through physical barriers and warnings

A

Safety Hazards

148
Q

Controlled through engineering and administrative controls

A

Health Hazards

149
Q

Usually only present in the workplace

A

Safety Hazards

150
Q

Present in both the workplace and the home

A

Health Hazards

151
Q

Skin cancer, can result from exposure to the sun

A

Safety Hazards

152
Q

Such as lead poisoning, can result from exposure to consumer products

A

Health Hazards

153
Q

Typically managed through engineering controls, warnings, and personal protective equipment.

A

Safety Hazards

154
Q

Managed through a variety of methods, including hazard communication, occupational hygiene, medical surveillance

A

Health Hazards

155
Q

What are the types of safety hazards?

A

Biological hazards, Chemical hazards, Physical hazards, Psychosocial hazards,

156
Q

Types of safety hazards which examples are bacteria and viruses

A

Biological Hazards

157
Q

Types of safety hazards which examples are harmful gases and chemicals

A

Chemical Hazards

158
Q

Types of safety hazards which examples are noise and radiation

A

Physical Hazards

159
Q

Types of safety hazards which examples are stress and violence

A

Psychosocial Hazards

160
Q

You can’t control a hazard if you don’t know it exist

A

Identify the hazard

161
Q

This will help you to determine how serious the hazard is, and what needs to be done to control it.

A

Evaluate the risk

162
Q

Might involve things like changing the way, work is done, providing personal protective equipment, or increasing safety training.

A

Implement Controls

163
Q

This will help make sure that the controls are effective, and that hazard is being properly controlled.

A

Monitor and Review

164
Q

When was the OSH Law implemented?

A

August 17, 2018

165
Q

This law ensures safer workplaces by requiring employers to provide complete safe work procedures, information dissemination about work-related hazards, safety and health training, and protective equipment.

A

Republic Act No. 11058

166
Q

Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) was published on?

A

December 7, 2018

167
Q

Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) was published on December 7, 2018 through_____

A

Department Order No. 198

168
Q

Hierarchy of controls where you physically remove the hazard

A

Elimination

169
Q

Hierarchy of controls where you replace the hazard

A

Substitution

170
Q

Hierarchy of controls where you isolate people from the hazard

A

Isolation

171
Q

Hierarchy of controls where you engineer out the hazard

A

Engineering Controls

172
Q

Hierarchy of controls where you change the way people work

A

Administrative Controls

173
Q

Hierarchy of controls where protect the worker with Personal Protective Equipment

A

PPE

174
Q

What are the 4 rights of a worker?

A

Right to Know, Right to Refuse Unsafe Work, Right to Report Accidents, Right to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

175
Q

All workers shall be appropriately informed by the employer about all types of hazards in the workplace, and be provided access to training, education, and orientation on safety and risks.

A

Right to Know

176
Q

The worker has the right to refuse work without threat or reprisal from the employer if an imminent danger situation exists.

A

Right to Refuse Unsafe Work

177
Q

Workers and their representatives shall have the right to report accidents, dangerous occurrences, and hazards to the employer, to DOLE, and other concerned government agencies. They shall be free from any form of retaliation for reporting an accident.

A

Right to Report Accidents

178
Q

Employers shall provide workers PPE for any part of the body that may be exposed to hazards; a lifeline, safety belt, or harness; and respirators, masks, or shields when necessary. This should be free of charge.

A

Right to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Principles of Medical Laboratory Science - MIDTERMS (9 decks)

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