Laboratory Hazards Flashcards
What are the types of laboratory hazards?
Biological Hazards, Chemical Hazards, Physical Hazards, Safety Hazards
Any biological material, such as microorganisms, plants, animals, or their byproducts, that threatens the health of living organisms, most especially humans and animals.
Biological Hazards
Potential biohazards should be handled with no caution as they may cause harm and be fatal in certain cases. (True or False?)
False (should be handled with extreme caution)
Animal waste is what type of hazard?
Biological Hazards
Blood, serum, plasma, and other blood components in liquid or semi-liquid form.
Human blood or blood products
Direct contact with the biological hazard
Human bodily matter
Urine is what kind of biological hazard?
Human bodily matter
Waste products, cockroaches
Animal waste
Usually found in laboratories
Microbiological waste
May contain concentrated infectious products such as blood, bodily fluids that have pathogens, specimen, cultures, and viruses.
Microbiological waste
Any animal body part or beddings of infected animals.
Animal waste
Covers any human body part, tissue or organ that may have been taken out during a surgical procedure.
Pathological waste
Belonging to a larger group of infectious waste.
Sharps waste
What are examples of sharps waste?
syringes
sharp tooth
broken glass
anything that are risk of pathologic cross contamination
anything that is pierced through the skin
Pathogenic microbes which are small enough to be discharged from infected person.
Airborne pathogens
Found in nature and is needed for the breakdown of plant debris.
Molds and yeasts
Such microorganisms can enter a building directly or their force can be carried in by the air.
Molds and yeasts
Easily transmitted through dismissing.
Airborne pathogens
Examples of airborne pathogens?
coughing
direct or close contact
Employers must establish safety guidelines to ensure minimal risk brought about by such workplace hazards, further keeping workers safe on duty. (True or False?)
True
Most prevalent biohazard in terms of frequency or occurrence.
Simple allergens
Associated with the use and care of laboratory animals.
Simple allergens
Up to ___ are infected by animal related allergies.
50%
According to a survey, ____workers from ___ animal facilities, __of them had allergy symptoms related to laboratory animals
5,641 workers, 137 animal facilities, 23%
What are the biological agents and biological toxins?
Blood and body fluids
Culture specimens
Body tissue and cadavers
Laboratory animals
Not known to consistently cause disease in healthy adult humans
BSL-1
Moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment.
BSL-2
Microbes there can either be indigenous or exotic
BSL-3
Dangerous and exotic
BSL-4
Extremely dangerous pathogens that expose humans to life-threatening diseases
BSL-4
Pertain to viruses and bacteria
BSL-1
Includes bacteria and viruses that cause mild diseases to humans.
BSL-2
Which biosafety level do these examples belong: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, E.coli K-12, non-infectious bacteria
BSL-1
Minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment
BSL-1
Requires minimal precaution such as wearing face masks and maintaining no close contact
BSL-1
Includes bacteria and viruses that cause mild diseases to humans.
BSL-2
Difficult to contract via aerosol in a lab setting.
BSL-2
Which biosafety level do these examples belong: Hepatitis A virus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Borrelia burgforferi (Lyme disease). Salmonella species, HIV
BSL-2
Can cause serious or potentially lethal disease through respiratory transmission
BSL-3
Which biosafety level do these examples belong: Yersinia pestis (plague), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, SARS, rabies virus, West Nile Virus, hantaviruses
BSL-3
Posing a high risk of aerosol-transmitted infections
BSL-4
Extremely dangerous pathogens that expose humans to life-threatening diseases
BSL-4
Requires maximum protections and containment of biological hazard
BSL-4
Which biosafety level do these examples belong: Ebola virus, smallpox virus
BSL-4
Hazardous laboratory chemicals include cancer-causing agents (carcinogens)
Chemical Hazards
Any substance regardless of its form that can potentially cause physical and health hazard to people or can result to harm to the environment.
Chemical Hazards
Agents that act on the blood system or damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.
Chemical Hazards
Toxins that may affect the liver, kidney, or nervous system, irritants, corrosives, and sensitizers
Chemical Hazards
According to the _____________ it is important that personnel working in the laboratory are aware of the risk and hazards associated with their daily work
Hazard Communication Standard of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Can ignite when exposed to other elements.
Flammable
Gases that can cause difficulty in breathing, unconsciousness or death by suffocation.
Asphyxiating gases
Substances under certain conditions or when exposed to different elements can cause severe physical hazards such as fire and explosions.
Reactive
Acidic corrosives are hydrochloric (muriatic) acid, and sulfuric acid
Acid
Can cause physiological development of abnormalities and birth defects
Teratogens
Affects pregnant women and animals
Teratogens
Cause redness, rashes, and redness
Irritants
Develop allergy reaction after a certain amount of time
Sensitizers
Can cause irreversible changes or mutation to a person’s DNA.
Mutagens
Cancer causing, natural or man-made
Carcinogens
What type of chemicals hazards are these: Nitrogen (N2), helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), methane (CH4), propane (CH3CH2CH3), carbon dioxide (CO2)
Asphyxiating Gases
What type of chemicals hazards are these: chromium, nickel, chromiumdehyde, formaldehyde
Sensitizers
Used to preserve tissues is pathology
Formaldehyde
What are the Chemical Hazards?
Asphyxiating Gases, Irritants, Sensitizers, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Teratogens, Reactive, Flammable (TRAMFISC)
Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Arsenic, Asbestos, Cadmium, Coke oven fumes, Chromium compounds, Coal gasification, Nickel refining, Foundry substances, Radon, Soot, Tars, Oils, Silica
Lung
Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Arsenic, Vinyl chloride
Liver
Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Chlorophenols, Chlorophenoxyl herbicides
Soft-tissue sarcoma
Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Aluminum production, Rubber industry, Leather industry, 4-aminobiphenyl, Benzidine
Bladder
Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Arsenic, Coal tars, Mineral oils, Sunlight
Skin
Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Formaldehyde, Isopropyl alcohol manufacture, mustard gas, Nickel refining, leather dust, wood dust
Nasal cavity, Sinuses
Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Benzene, Ethylene oxide, herbicides, x-radiation system
Lymphatic, Hematopoietic
Where can cancer emerge when in contact with the following substances or processes: Asbestos, Isopropyl alcohol, Mustard gas
Larynx