Basic Concepts on Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity Flashcards
The origins of biosafety are rooted from?
US Biological weapons program
When did the US biological weapons program started?
1943
Who ordered the US biological weapons program and when was it active?
US President Franklin Roosevelt, and it was active on Cold war
Which president terminated the US biological weapon program and when was it?
US Pres. Richard Nixon in 1969
First scientific director of Camp Detrick and what year was it?
Ira L. Baldwin in 1943
What was the purpose of Ira L. Baldwin the the Camp Detrick?
Task with establishing the biological weapons program for defensive purposes.
What is the inherent component of biological Weapon Development
Biosafety
Arnold Wedum contribution
Director of IHS (Industrial health and safety
also one of the pioneers in bio safety - developed practices and inventions
-The first unofficial meeting at Camp Detrick (now Fort Detrick)
- Involved members of the military representing Camp Detrick, Pine Bluff Arsenal, Arkansas (PBA), and Dugway Proving Grounds, Utah (DPG).
April 18, 1955
The yearly meetings began to include non-classified sessions to broaden the reach of the Association
Beginning in 1957
1967
The height of increased mortality and morbidity due to smallpox– was eradicated by WHO
The attendees included universities, private laboratories, hospitals, and industry
1966 (this is connected with 1957)
The impact of new OSHA regulations was analyzed and debated at the ASBA meeting;
1973
The CDC (Control of Disease Center) published the Classification of Etiological Agents on the Basis of Hazard.
1974
The NIH (National Institutes of Health) published the NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA molecules.
1976
Marked the development of the Laboratory Biosafety
-WHO’s first edition of the Laboratory Biosafety Manual (1983)
- CVC and NIH first edition of Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (1984)
Becomes the code of practice for biosafety-the discipline addressing the safe handling and containment of infectious microorganisms and hazardous biological materials.
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (1984) - CDC and NIH
Ensures that safe handling and containment of infectious microorganisms and hazardous biological materials are being strictly followed and practiced in order to intervene the sequence of the chain of infection in the laboratory.
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (1984) - CDC and NIH
Containment principles, technologies, and practices implemented to prevent unintentional exposure to pathogens and toxins or their unintentional release
Laboratory Biosafety
Traverse on how sources of pathogens are being managed and handled to prevent danger from arising, that could eventually affect people.
Laboratory Biosafety
Protection, control and accountability for valuable biological materials within laboratories in order to prevent unauthorized access, loss, theft, misuse, diversion or intentional release.
Laboratory Biosecurity
Shadows biosafety in terms of who are authorized to handle the pathogens, limit of access, and the intention of use and purpose.
Laboratory Biosecurity
is protecting people from dangerous pathogens.
Biosafety
is protecting pathogens from bad people.
Biosecurity
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Risk associated with biological materials.
Biorisk
Includes microorganisms that are unlikely to cause human or animal disease. These microorganisms bring about low individual and community risk
Risk Group 1
Microorganisms that are unlikely to be a significant risk to laboratory workers and the community, livestock, or the environment
May get infected but effective treatment and preventive measures are available
Moderate Risk to individual and limited community risk
Risk Group 2
Microorganisms are known to cause serious diseases in humans or animals and may present significant risks to laboratory workers.
Serious or lethal human diseases for which preventive or therapeutic interventions may be available
High individual risk but low community risk
Risk Group 3
Microorganisms are known to produce life-threatening diseases in humans or animals. Represents a significant risk to laboratory workers and may be readily transmissible from one individual to another
Serious or Lethal human diseases for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are not usually available.
High individual and community risk
Risk Group 4
Not known to consistently cause disease in healthy adults
Standard Microbiological Practices
Biosafety Level 1 - BSL 1
Laboratories that deal with indigenous moderate-risk agents
Agents associated with human disease
Routes of transmission include per- cutaneous injury, ingestion, mucous membrane exposure
Biosafety Level 2 - BSL 2
Indigenous or exotic agents that may cause serious or potentially lethal diseases through the inhalation route of exposure
Puts emphasis on primary and secondary barriers in the protection
Biosafety Level 3 - BSL 3
Dangerous/exotic agents which pose high risk of life-threatening disease, aerosol-transmitted lab infections; or related agents with unknown risk of transmission
Biosafety Level 4 - BSL 4
