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Principles of Medical Laboratory Science - MIDTERMS > Clinical Laboratory pt 1 > Flashcards

Clinical Laboratory pt 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

place where specimens such as blood
and other body fluids tissues, feces, hairs,
nail collected from an individual are processed, analyzed, preserved, and properly disposed

A

Clinical Laboratory

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2
Q

place where biological specimens in particular
such as blood and other body fluids is being
analyzed and processed

A

Clinical Laboratory

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3
Q

who process, analyze, preserve,
and properly dispose of such particular sample that
is subjected for the testing.

A

clinical
laboratory scientist or medical laboratory
scientis

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4
Q

an essential
component of health instutitions. Its main task is
to provide accurate and reliable information to
med doctors for the diagnosis, prognosis,
treatment and management of diseases.

A

Clinical laboratory

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5
Q

Clinical laboratory is the place where specimens such as blood
and other body fluids tissues, feces, hairs,
nail collected from an individual are:

A

○ Processed
○ Analyzed
○ Preserved
○ Properly disposed

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6
Q

A clinical laboratory can be classified
according to:

A

○ Function
○ Institutional Characteristics
○ Ownership
○ Service Capability

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7
Q

Classification according to function

A

Clinical pathology
Anatomic pathology

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8
Q

law that mandates the
licensing and operating of a certain
laboratory

A

Republic Act No. 4688

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9
Q

In these areas, all laboratory
tests that are performed,
whether it is chemical
analysis, microbiological
analysis or serological
analysis or even
hematological analysis that is
under this classification

A

Clinical pathology

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10
Q

Concerned with the
diagnosis of diseases
through microscopic
examination of tissues and
organs.

A

Anatomic pathology

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11
Q

Focuses more on the
analysis or testing of a
certain substance or
microscopic structure of
certain tissues

A

Anatomic pathology

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12
Q

These area concerned with
diagnosis of diseases
through examination of
microscopic structures such
as cells and other that can be
found in the tissues that can
be visualize

A

Anatomic pathology

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13
Q

because of this law, clinical
laboratories can be classified according to functions
and in that section

A

Administrative Order No. 37 s2021

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14
Q

pertains to the analysis of genes
and other proteins that will aid in the
diagnosis of a certain disease

A

Molecular pathology

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15
Q

Detecting the presence of certain
genes like DNA or Rna and other
proteins that made up the certain cell
or tissue in the human body

A

Molecular pathology

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16
Q

Classification under institutional characteristics

A

Institution-based
Free-standing

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17
Q

Operates within the premises or part
of an institution such as hospital,
school, medical clinic, medical
facility for overseas workers and
seafarers, birthing home,
psychiatric facility, drug
rehabilitation center and other.

A

Institution-based

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18
Q

Most common edxample of institution-based laboratories

A

Hospital-based

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19
Q

Not part of an established institution.

A

Free Standing

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20
Q

Common example of free-standing

A

free-standing out-patient clinical
laboratory.

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21
Q

services that can be provided
are only limited to the laboratory
services,

A

Free-standing

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22
Q

Classification according to ownership

A

Government-owned
Private-owned

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23
Q

Two types of government-owned laboratories

A

DOH-run
Local government-run

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24
Q

● Also called as public
● Owned, wholly or partially, by
national or local government units

A

Government-owned

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25
Q

Type of government-owned; San Lazaro Hospital, Jose R.Reyes Memorial Medical Cwenter, UPGH

A

DOH-run

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26
Q

Type of government-owned; Ospital ng Myanila Medical Center

A

Local government-run

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27
Q

Clinical lab according to service capability

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

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27
Q

Basic routine laboratory testing; space req is at least 10 sq m

A

Primary

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28
Q

Equipments are, but not limited to, microscopes. centrifuge, hematocrit centrifuge

A

Primary

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29
Q

License to perform laboratory
tests being done by the primary
category laboratories along with

○ Routine chemistry tests like
blood glucose concentration
○ Blood urea nitrogen, blood
uric acid, blood creatinine,
cholesterol determination,
qualitative platelet count,
○ If hospital based, Gram stain,
KOH (potassium hydroxide)
mount, and crossmatching

A

Secondary

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30
Q

Space requirement for secondary

A

20 sq cm

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31
Q

Minimum req equipment includes
○ Microscope
○ Centrifuge
○ Hematocrit centrifuge
○ Semi-automated chemistry
analyzers
○ Autoclave
○ Incubator
○ Oven

A

Secondary category

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32
Q

Licensed to perform all the
laboratory tests performed in the
secondary category laboratory plus other

A

Tertiary

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33
Q

▪ Ns1-Ag for dengue
▪ Rapid plasma reagin
▪ Treponema pallidum
particle agglutination
tests

A

Immunology and Serology

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34
Q

▪ Differential staining
techniques
▪ Culture and ID
▪ Antimicrobial
susceptibility testing

A

Microbiology, bacteriology
and mycolog

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35
Q

▪ Clinical enzymology
▪ Therapeutic drug
monitoring
▪ Markers for certain
disease

A

Special Chemistry

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36
Q

▪ Bone marrow studies
▪ Special staining for
abnormal cells, red
cell morphology
○ Immunohematology an

A

Special Hematology

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37
Q

▪ Blood donation
program
3
▪ Antibody screening
and ID
▪ Preparation of blood
components

Most critical in the clinical laboratory

A

Immunohematology / blood banking

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38
Q

▪ Those seen in
secondary category
laboratories along
with :
▪ Automated chemistry
analyzer
▪ Biosafety cabinet
class II
▪ Serofuge

A

Equipment

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39
Q

Minimum space floor req for tertiary

A

60 sq cm

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40
Q

Laboratory in a government hospital
designated by the DOH to provide special
diagnostic functions and services for certain
diseases.

A

National Reference Laboratory

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41
Q

Includes
○ Referral services
○ Provision of confirmatory testing
○ Assistance for research activities
○ Implementation of External Quality
Assurance Programs (EQAP) of the
government

A

NRL

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42
Q

○ Resolution of conflicts regarding test
results of different laboratories
○ Training of medical technologists on
certain specialized procedures that
require standardization
○ Examples are Lung Center of the
Philippines, National Kidnet Transplant Institute, etc

A

National Reference Laboratoties

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43
Q

An act regulating the operationa nd mantenance of clinical laboratories and requiring the registration of the same with the department of health, providing penalty for the violation thereof, and for other purposes

A

Republic Act No. 4688

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44
Q

Approval date of RA 4688

A

June 18, 1996

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45
Q

Where do clinical laboratories register and secure a license

A

Secretary of Health

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46
Q

How can a person be professionally incharge of the laboratory

A

He must be a LICENSED PHYSICIAN qualified in the laboratory medicine and authorized by the Secretary of Health

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47
Q

charged with the responsibility of strictly enforcing the provisions of RA 4688

A

Secretary of Health

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48
Q

Violation of RA 4688 may issue imprisonment of ____ and fine of _____

A

not less than one month bur not more than one year, not less than one thousand pesos nor more than five pesos (or both at the discretion of the court)

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49
Q

First amendment that was made for RA
4688

A

Administrative Order No. 59 s. 2001

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50
Q

Rules and Regulation Governing the
Establishment, Operation, and Maintenance
of Clinical Laboratories in the Philippines

A

Administrative Order No. 59 s. 2001

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51
Q

Department of Health (DOH) through
the __________ in the Health
Regulation Cluster, shall exercise
the regulatory functions under these
rules and regulations under AO 59 s 2001

A

Bureau of Health Facilities and
Services (BHFS)

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52
Q

Regulations of AO 59 s 2001 shall apply to ________

A

all entities performing the activities (aside govt labs provided that they are an extension)

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53
Q

An approved permit to construct
and design layout of a clinical
laboratory shall be secured from the
________

A

BHFS

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54
Q

A clinical laboratory shall operate
with a valid license issued by

A

BHFS/CHD

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55
Q

Application for Permit to Construct requirements include:

A

○ Letter of Application to the
Director of BHFS
○ Four (4) sets of Site
Development Plans and
Floor Plans approved by an
architect and/or engineer
○ DTI/SEC Registration (for
private clinical laboratory)

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56
Q

“Petition to Establish,
Operate and Maintain a
Clinical Laboratory” notarized
application form.”

A

Application of New License

57
Q

Application for renewal of
license shall be filed WITHIN

A

90 days

58
Q

Sched for application of renewal of license for NCR

A

Jan - March

59
Q

Sched for application of renewal of license for region 1, 2, 3

A

Feb - April

60
Q

Sched for application of renewal of license for 7, 8, 9

A

April - June

61
Q

Sched for application of renewal of license for regions 4, 5, 6

A

March to May

62
Q

Sched for application of renewal of license for 10, 11, 12, CARAGA and ARMM

A

May to July

63
Q

Clinical laboratories sgall be inspected every _____

A

2 years or as necessary

64
Q

Who are allowed to monitor the clinical lab

A

Director of the BHFS/CHD or
his duly authorized
representative

65
Q

Issuance of license by the

A

Director of CHD (actually ang gulo pero technically, CHD and BHFS are under Secretary/Department of Health)

66
Q

License to operate shall be revoked by

A

SOH

67
Q

T or F; License is non-transferable

A

T

68
Q

T or F; License is not granted upon
compliance with licensing
requirements

A

F; License IS granted

69
Q

he owner or authorized
representative of any clinical
desiring to transfer a licensed
clinical laboratory to another
location shall inform the CHD
in WRITING AT LEAST _____ days

A

15

70
Q

T or F; An extension laboratory shall
have a separate license

A

T

71
Q

T or F; Operation of a clinical lab
WITHOUT a certified
pathologist or without a RMT is a violation

A

T

72
Q

Who shall be informed regarding the change in ownership

A

BHFS
and/or the CHD

73
Q

malpractices

A

Gross negligence

74
Q

T or F; All clinical laboratory operating
without a valid license or whose
license has been revoked/cancelled
shall be summarily OPEN

A

F; it should be CLOSED

75
Q

If the pathologists is not available in some
areas, a physician can take over and be the head
of ________ category(ies) ONLY

A

primary and secondary

76
Q

At least ___ RMT per shift to cover
laboratory operation in hospital based

A

one (1)

77
Q

Documented, continuous
competency assessment
program for all laboratory
personnel

A

Internal Quality Control Program

78
Q

Laboratory methods,
reagents and supplies and
equipment

A

Internal Quality Control Program

79
Q

Proper maintenance and
monitoring of all equipment; The program shall provide
for the use of quality control
reference materials

A

Internal Quality Control Program

80
Q

outside premise or outside agency to
facilitate the quality assurance

A

External Quality Assurance Program

81
Q

T or F; Refusal to participate in an
External Quality Assurance
Program given by the designated NRL is not enough bases for
suspension/revocation of
license of the laboratory.

A

F; it is one of the bases for revocation

82
Q

consultation
between the attending physician and
pathologist of the laboratory

A

Laboratory Request or Requisition
Form/Slip

83
Q

T or F; No person in the clinical laboratory
shall issue a report, orally or in
writing, whole or portions, thereof
without a directive from the
pathologist

A

T

84
Q

All laboratory records shall be kept
on file for at least ____ year.

A

one (1)

85
Q

This section is intended for the testing of blood and other body fluids to quantify essential soluble CHEMICALS including waste products useful for the diagnosis of certain diseases.

A

Clinical chemistry

86
Q

Two most common body fluids subjected for analysis in clinical chemistry

A

Blood and urine

87
Q

This section is considered one of the busiest

A

Clinical chemistry

88
Q

If you want to determine the concentration of certain chemicals in the body or blood such as glucose, then it is processed here

A

Clinical chem

89
Q

Includes microorganisms such as bacteria, parasites, fungi, and viruses.

A

Microbiology

90
Q

T or F; We process viral samples in hospital laboratory (Microbiology section)

A

F; there is a designated laboratory for that for example: Molecular Laboratory used to process COVID-19 Samples

91
Q

Microbio subdivisions

A

Bacteriology
Mycobacteriology
Mycology
Virolog

92
Q

This section is focused on the identification of such bacteria and fungi on specimens received in the laboratory.

A

Microbio

93
Q

Test include the microscopic visualization of microorganisms after staining, isolation, and identification of basterua and fungi using varied cultured media

A

Microbio

94
Q

Section where AST is performed

A

Microbio

95
Q

type of examination that determines when a patient is suffering from certain infection such as bacterial, viral, parasitic infection or malignancy.

A

morphological examination

96
Q

This section deals with the enumeration of cells in the blood and other body fluids (e.g./ CSF, pleural fluid, etc.)

A

Hematology and Coagulation Studies

97
Q

focus on blood testing for the determination of various coagulation factors. (or coagulation disorders)

A

Coagulation studies

98
Q

Bone marrow examination using automated analyzers is conducted in this section

A

Hematology and Coagulation Studies

99
Q

Common sample received in this section is blood

A

Hematology and Coagulation Studies

100
Q

Two major areas in clinical microscopy

A

Special examinations of urine
Examination of stool

101
Q

Examination of stool is also called what

A

Routine fecalysis

102
Q

checking for color transparency of urine

A

physical examination

103
Q

Blood typing and compatibility testing are the two main activities performed in this section

A

Blood Bank/Immunohematology

104
Q

Detection of parasitic worms are primary activities in this area

A

Clinical microscopy

105
Q

Screening for all ANTIBODIES and identification of antibody as well as blood components used for transfusion are also conducted here

A

Blood Bank/Immunohematology

106
Q

Includes processing of blood such as blood typing, compatibility testing, cross typing, blood donation

A

Blood Bank/Immunohematology

107
Q

Considered to be most critical section

A

Blood Bank/Immunohematology

108
Q

Analyses of SERUM ANTIBODIES in certain infectious agents (primarily viral agents) are performed in this section.

A

Immunology/Serology

109
Q

Hepatitis B profile test, serological test for syphilis, and tests for hepatitis C and dengue fever are some examples of antibody screening tests conducted here

A

Immunology/Serology

110
Q

Involved examination or detection of antigen antibodies that is usually formed by infectious agents.

A

Immunology/Serology

111
Q

Involved examination or detection of antigen antibodies that is usually formed by infectious agents.

A

Immunology/Serology

112
Q

used to test for typhoid fever.

A

Widal test

113
Q

test for inflammation, if positive or negative.
Example is COVID-19

A

CRP Test (C-Reactive Protein)

114
Q

In the rapid test kit, the C means ____, and T means ___

A

Control, Test

115
Q

Using different enzymes and other reagents, DNA and RNA are identified and sequence to detect any pathologic conditions/disease processes.

A

Molecular Biology and Biotechnology

116
Q

Most commonly technique

A

Polymerase Chain Reaction

117
Q

In the _____ memorandum that CHED released, Molecular Biology and Diagnostics is added in the curriculum.

A

2017

118
Q

Specialized Section of the laboratory that combines anatomical, clinical, and biochemical techniques where antibodies (monoclonal and polyclonal) bounded to enzymes and fluorescent dyes are used to detect presence of antigens in tissue.

A

Immunohistochemistry

119
Q

In here, you test for the presence of antibodies and antigen that is present in the tissue (Immuno) with the use of a certain chemicals (Chemistry)

A

Immunochemistry

120
Q

We determine the reaction of the antibody or the antigen bounded to the enzyme or certain fluorescent dye that is used to detect the presence of antigen in tissue.

A

Immunochemistry

121
Q

One of the special areas in anatomical pathology laboratory.

A

Immunochemistry

122
Q

Using a certain tool in order to determine the presence of particular genetic materials such as DNA or RNA, ideally, to identify and detect any pathological conditions or disease processes.

A

Molecular Biology

123
Q

Most critical phase in the laboratory cycle; most errors are encountered in this phase.

A

Pre-examination phase/Pre-analytical phase

124
Q

Includes receipt of the laboratory req, patient preparation, specimen collection, and proper transport and processing

A

Pre-analytical

125
Q

Phase includes actual testing of the submitted or collected specimen

A

Analytic phase/Examination phase

126
Q

Involves the testing process; you test the sample with appropriate methods and employ it in lab samples in order to generate lab reports.

A

Examination phase

127
Q

you verify patient results; results should be reliable and accurate.

A

Quality Control Testing

128
Q

transmission of test results to the medical doctor for interpretation, TAT, and application of doctor’s recommendation

A

Post-examination phase / Post-analytical phase

129
Q

Encompasses all activities performed by laboratory personnel to ensure reliability of test results.

A

Quality Assurance

130
Q

It is organized, systematic, well planned, and regularly done with the results properly documented and consistently reviewed

A

Quality Assurance

131
Q

part quality assurance

A

QC (quezon city eme quality control)

132
Q

Includes day to day activities that are undertaken in order to control factor or variables that may affect test results.

A

IQAS

133
Q

Regular review and audit are done here

A

IQAS

134
Q

DOH-designated EQAS

A

NRL

135
Q

National Kidney and Transplant Institute (NKTI) is a a NRL-EQAS for

A

Hema and Coagulation

136
Q

Research Institute of Tropical MEdicine (RITM) is a a NRL-EQAS for

A

Microbio and Parasitology

137
Q

Lung Center of the Philippines (LCP) is a NRL-EQAS for

A

Clinical chem

138
Q

East Avenue MEdical Center (EAMC) is a NRL-EQAS for

A

Drugs of abuse

139
Q

San Lazaro Hospital STD-AIDS Cooperative Center Laboratory (SACCL) is a NRL-EQAS for

A

Infectious immunology, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus

Principles of Medical Laboratory Science - MIDTERMS (9 decks)

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