Laboratory Findings

Question 1

What is the most sensitive and specific measure of function change?

Answer 1

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

Question 2

What is GFR reduced to before signs or symptoms of kidney damage occur?

Answer 2

Less than 60mL/min/1.73^2

Question 3

What types of damage do we see in Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?

Answer 3

Acute Toxic (Rhabdomyolysis)
Hypoxic Damage (Shock/Cardiac failure)

Question 4

What do we find in Acute Glomerulonephritis?

Answer 4

Abnormal findings such as:
Rapid onset of Hematuria
Proteinuria
RBC Casts

Question 5

What does Nephrotic Syndrome result from?

Answer 5

Diseases that cause injury and increased permeability of Glomerular basement membrane

Question 6

What does Nephrotic Syndrome almost always yield?

Answer 6

Massive Proteinuria ( > 3.5g/d)
Hypoalbuminemia

Question 7

What are other symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome?

Answer 7

Hyperlipidemia and Lipiduria

Question 8

Hypoproteinemia stimulates protein synthesis in the Liver. What does this result in?

Answer 8

Overproduction of Lipoproteins and an increase in their filtration

Question 9

What is the presence of Renal Calculi or Kidney Stones known as?

Answer 9

Nephrolithiasis

Question 10

What are the clinical symptoms of Nephrolithiasis?

Answer 10

Hematuria
UTI’s
Nausea
Abdominal Pain

Question 11

What are causes of Chronic Kidney Disease?

Answer 11

Acute injury longer than 3 months
Inflammatory diseases
Renal circulatory diseases
Primary Glomerular diseases
Metabolic diseases affecting the kidneys

Question 12

What is the leading cause of Kidney Disease and what percentage is diagnosed?

Answer 12

Diabetes
45%

Question 13

What is SECOND to diabetes as a primary diagnosis of Chronic Renal Failure?

Answer 13

Renal Hypertension