Function Flashcards
What are the Physiological components of Renal function?
Renal Blood Flow
Glomerular Filtration
Tubular Reabsorption
Tubular Secretion
Urinary Secretion
Osmolality Regulation
Rude Girls Totally Take Ur Oxygen
What is able to pass freely through the Glomerulus?
Water
Electrolytes
Small dissolved solutes
Negatively charged
What is the volume of blood filtered per minute?
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
What does the Tubular generally filter?
Waste products and substances that are valuable to the body
What is the most metabolically active part of the Nephron?
Proximal Tubule
75% of water; 100% of glucose
How does the Proximal Tubule reabsorb?
Active Transport (ATP, Sodium)
Passive Transport (No ATP, water and Cl)
What is the Renal Threshhold?
The plasma concentration above which the substance appears in urine
Where do Anti/Diuretics do their work?
On the loop of Henle to increase or decrease urine production
What two hormones allow the Distal Tubule to make it’s adjustments?
ADH/AVP: (Hypothalamus; Stored in Pituitary Gland)
Aldosterone: Reabsorption of Sodium (Produced by Adrenal Glands)
Where is a secondary place Chloride and Urea can be absorbed?
Collecting Duct
How should Urine be in a healthy patient?
Sterile and clear
Amber color
Slightly acidic (4.7 - 7.8)
Specific Gravity of 1.003 - 1.035
What are the alterations of Urinary out-put?
Anuria (< 100mL)
Oliguria (< 400mL)
Polyuria ( >3L)
What controls electrolytes in the body and what are the major ones?
Dietary intake and Kidneys
Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Bicarbonate
What are the primary functions of the Kidneys?
Production of Renin, Erythropoietin, and Vitamin D3
What is the purpose of Renin?
Initial component of the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System
What is the purpose of Erythropoietin?
Increases number of RBC’s by acting on bone marrow
Regulated by blood oxygen levels
What is the purpose of Vitamin D3?
Activated by the kidneys
Regulates Phosphate and Calcium balance
Bone Calcification
What defines a secondary function of the Kidneys?
Hormones go to the kidneys to act or be degraded
What is the function of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH/AVP) and where is it produced?
Made by Hypothalamus; Stored in Pituitary
Retention of Water
Vasoconstriction properties
What is the purpose of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA)?
Maintains blood pressure and sodium concentration by releasing Renin when it is low in the Afferent tube.
What does Renin do in the RAAS?
Cleaves Angiotensinogen which creates Angiotensin I
What is the function of Angiotensin I?
Gets converted to Angiotensin II in the lungs by Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)
What is the role of Angiotensin II?
Increases blood pressure and releases Aldosterone
Hypothalamus releases ADH/AVP to increase sodium levels
What are Nonprotein Nitrogen Compounds and what are the three principal compounds?
Waste products after metabolism of Nucleic Acids, Amino Acids, and Proteins
Urea, Creatinine, Uric Acid
