Function

Question 1

What are the Physiological components of Renal function?

Answer 1

Renal Blood Flow
Glomerular Filtration
Tubular Reabsorption
Tubular Secretion
Urinary Secretion
Osmolality Regulation
Rude Girls Totally Take Ur Oxygen

Question 2

What is able to pass freely through the Glomerulus?

Answer 2

Water
Electrolytes
Small dissolved solutes
Negatively charged

Question 3

What is the volume of blood filtered per minute?

Answer 3

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

Question 4

What does the Tubular generally filter?

Answer 4

Waste products and substances that are valuable to the body

Question 5

What is the most metabolically active part of the Nephron?

Answer 5

Proximal Tubule
75% of water; 100% of glucose

Question 6

How does the Proximal Tubule reabsorb?

Answer 6

Active Transport (ATP, Sodium)
Passive Transport (No ATP, water and Cl)

Question 7

What is the Renal Threshhold?

Answer 7

The plasma concentration above which the substance appears in urine

Question 8

Where do Anti/Diuretics do their work?

Answer 8

On the loop of Henle to increase or decrease urine production

Question 9

What two hormones allow the Distal Tubule to make it’s adjustments?

Answer 9

ADH/AVP: (Hypothalamus; Stored in Pituitary Gland)
Aldosterone: Reabsorption of Sodium (Produced by Adrenal Glands)

Question 10

Where is a secondary place Chloride and Urea can be absorbed?

Answer 10

Collecting Duct

Question 11

How should Urine be in a healthy patient?

Answer 11

Sterile and clear
Amber color
Slightly acidic (4.7 - 7.8)
Specific Gravity of 1.003 - 1.035

Question 12

What are the alterations of Urinary out-put?

Answer 12

Anuria (< 100mL)
Oliguria (< 400mL)
Polyuria ( >3L)

Question 13

What controls electrolytes in the body and what are the major ones?

Answer 13

Dietary intake and Kidneys
Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Bicarbonate

Question 14

What are the primary functions of the Kidneys?

Answer 14

Production of Renin, Erythropoietin, and Vitamin D3

Question 15

What is the purpose of Renin?

Answer 15

Initial component of the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System

Question 16

What is the purpose of Erythropoietin?

Answer 16

Increases number of RBC’s by acting on bone marrow
Regulated by blood oxygen levels

Question 17

What is the purpose of Vitamin D3?

Answer 17

Activated by the kidneys
Regulates Phosphate and Calcium balance
Bone Calcification

Question 18

What defines a secondary function of the Kidneys?

Answer 18

Hormones go to the kidneys to act or be degraded

Question 19

What is the function of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH/AVP) and where is it produced?

Answer 19

Made by Hypothalamus; Stored in Pituitary
Retention of Water
Vasoconstriction properties

Question 20

What is the purpose of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA)?

Answer 20

Maintains blood pressure and sodium concentration by releasing Renin when it is low in the Afferent tube.

Question 21

What does Renin do in the RAAS?

Answer 21

Cleaves Angiotensinogen which creates Angiotensin I

Question 22

What is the function of Angiotensin I?

Answer 22

Gets converted to Angiotensin II in the lungs by Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)

Question 23

What is the role of Angiotensin II?

Answer 23

Increases blood pressure and releases Aldosterone
Hypothalamus releases ADH/AVP to increase sodium levels

Question 24

What are Nonprotein Nitrogen Compounds and what are the three principal compounds?

Answer 24

Waste products after metabolism of Nucleic Acids, Amino Acids, and Proteins
Urea, Creatinine, Uric Acid