Labor And Industrial Revolution

Question 1

Luddites

Answer 1

Skilled craftsmen who broke into factories and destroyed machines because they were replacing the craftsmen’s jobs

Question 2

Types of Labor

Answer 2

Independent- employ yourself (farmers)
Dependent-have an employer (factory workers)
Involuntary- slave labor

Question 3

Atlantic System

Answer 3

All the trade between Americas, Europe, and Africa. Sugar, slaves, cotton, tobacco, and textiles

Question 4

Middle Passage

Answer 4

The path of ships coming to americas/caribbean which were carrying slaves

Question 5

Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Britain?

Answer 5

Britain had the agricultural revolution which resulted in more food therefore more people to work in factories. Also Britian put new inventions and innovations into use faster than any other place. Booming overseas trade and water transportation

Question 6

Enclosure movement and impact

Answer 6

Enclosed farmland. Only wealthy farmers could afford to secure land titles and nobody was allowed on their land. Forced farmers to cities which increased factory workers. Farmers with total control of their land got a chance to experiment

Question 7

Wedgewood

Answer 7

Used division on labor to produce porcelain cheaply. Substituted molds for potters wheels. Made them identical for stacking. Invested in roads and canals. Had traveling salesmen. First to use the steam engine in industry

Question 8

Eli Whitney

Answer 8

Cotton Gin- separated cotton fibers from the seeds

Led to more production of short staple cotton

Question 9

Samuel Crompton

Answer 9

Invented the mule- combined the best from the spinning jenny and the water frame. Made stronger, thinner, more even thread than humans could make. Made fine fabric called muslin

Question 10

Thomas Newcomen

Answer 10

Invented the steam engine and used it to pump water out of mines but it used fuel very inefficiently

Question 11

James Watt

Answer 11

Modified Newcomen’s steam engine to have a cylinder and a condenser which made it more efficient

Question 12

Richard Trevithick

Answer 12

Built a steam engine 3x as eficient as Watt’s and used it for rail vehicles (trains)

Question 13

Abraham Darby

Answer 13

Makes coal coke, coal with its impurities cooked out of it. Uses coal coke to replace charcoal in the smelting of iron which produced iron more cheaply but lower quality

Question 14

Henry Cort

Answer 14

Develops a way to remove some impurities from coke-iron by stirring the molten iron with long rods. This method is called puddling

Question 15

Richard Arkwright

Answer 15

Invented the waterframe. The waterframe produced thread strong enough to not need to be combined with linen to make fabric. Needed a source of power such as the water wheel or a steam engine. Also called a cotton mill

Question 16

Philippe Lebon

Answer 16

Extracted gas from heating charcoal and used it for lighting

Question 17

William Murdock

Answer 17

Extracted gas from formation of coke and used it for lighting

Question 18

Fredrick Albert Winsor

Answer 18

Founded a company to produce and distribute gas to london

Question 19

Montgolfier brothers

Answer 19

Invented the hot air balloon

Question 20

Alessandro Volta

Answer 20

Invented the battery

Question 21

Adam Smith

Answer 21

Came up with the idea of the division of labor

Question 22

Charles Wheatstone & William Cooke

Answer 22

Developed a 5-wire telegraph

Question 23

Samuel Morse

Answer 23

Introduced a code of dots and dashes that could be transmitted by a single wire

Question 24

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 24

Experimented with electricity

Question 25

Robert Fulton

Answer 25

Had a successful commercial steamboat in America

Question 26

Spinning Jenny

Answer 26

Spun cotton fibers into string. Soft and irregular. Could only be used in combination with linen to create fabric

Question 27

“American System of Manufacturers”

Answer 27

Interchangeable parts.

Idea first thought of by French artillery officers

Question 28

Cotton Industry

Answer 28

Industrialization made cotton the most valuable in America. A ban on importing processed cotton in Britain caused the cotton textile industry to boom. This industry illustrates the role of mechanization

Question 29

Other random inventions for the textile industry

Answer 29

Power loom
Carding machines
Chlorine bleach
Cylindrical presses
(Using steam engines in factories)