French And Haitian Revolutions Flashcards
Trafalgar
Battle in Spain between French (under rule of Napoleon) and the British. British win and crush Napoleon’s hopes of conquering Britain by military force.
13th Vendemaire
Napoleon dispersed the crowds in Paris with a “whiff of grapeshot”
18th Fructidor
Directory overthrows the government (National Convention)
19th Brumaire
Napoleon overthrows the directory
Plebiscite
A vote of all the people asking permission for more power
9th of Thermidor
National Convention shuts down Robespierre from speaking and it is an end to his reign. Robespierre is executed the next day.
Law of 22 Prarial
Gave tons more power to Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety which allowed them to execute people with almost no evidence
Waterloo
Napoleon’s last battle with an army he drew up from Paris. Fights against the Quadruple Alliance and loses. France is punished by losing land and being occupied by soldiers.
Jean Paul Marat
Had a radical newspaper in Paris. It supported radicals so a conservative woman, Charlotte Corday, killed him while he was taking a bath.
Continental System
A policy forced onto mainland Europe by Napoleon which banned trade with Britain. Napoleons armies lost at Trafalgar so he is trying to destroy Britain economically instead of militarily. This system fails
Russian Campaign
Russia dropped out of the Continental System so Napoleon invaded but the Russians followed the Scorched Earth Policy and had cold winters which caused most of Napoleon’s army to die and get nothing done
Paris Commune
The leaders of the San culottes. They were like a government body sort of but they directed the San culottes in their riots.
Levee en masse
Called everyone to participate in the war effort
Great Fear
Peasants terrorized country, destroying their feudal duties and forced the nobles to give up their feudal rights.
Tennis Court Oath
Members of the 3rd Estate were accidentally locked out of the palace at Versailles. They go into the tennis courts, create the National Assembly, and vow that they won’t leave Versailles until a constitution is written
Jacobins
Politicians in France. Split into liberal and conservative, The Mountain and Girondists
Borgouise
Wealthy members of the 3rd Estate
Girondists
Members of the Gironde party. Conservative party in the revolution
Bread March
Parisian women march to Versailles, take flour, and force Louis XVI and family back to Paris. There was a drought which caused a shortage of grain
Marie Antoinette
Wife of King Louis XVI. Cousin of Leopole II
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
A law passed which seized all land from the church, made the clergy workers of the state, and forced them to pledge allegiance to the state or be imprisoned. Bonds were issued for the taken land which were used as currency (were not supposed to) and caused inflation. Sparked the counter-revolution
September Massacres
People storm the prisons and kill 1200 people, assuming they were opposed to the revolution
Reign of Terror
Reaction to internal and external threats (counter-revolution & Austria/Prussia). Policy that uses fear and the guillotine to eliminate opponents of the revolution.
Louis XVI
King of France at the start of the revolution. Calls for assembly of Notables to pass new taxes but they say only Estates General can do that. Calls Estates General for first time in 175 years and doubles the 3rd
Estates
Classes of France.
1st- Clergy
2nd- Nobles
3rd- Common People
Cause of French Revolution
1st and 2nd estates have over 50% of the wealth but dont pay taxes. Government needs money so the king Calls for assembly of Notables to pass new taxes but they say only Estates General can do that. Calls Estates General for first time in 175. He doubles the third and calls for a vote by headcount which actually allows some changes
Enlightened Monarchs
Enlightened Despots
Patroned the Philosophes and/or philosophers to make it seem like they were open to new ideas and they were sometimes but they would not do anything that threatened the old order.
Philosophes
Writers and critics who forged the new attitude of the Enlightenment
Enlightenment
intellectual movement emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition
National Assembly
Members of the 3rd Estate created it at the tennis courts when they were accidentally locked out of the palace at Versailles. This group made the Tennis Court Oath
European wars before the French Revolution
France vs Britain- 1740s & the 7 Years War (focused on battles for colonial empires)
Austria vs Prussia- Prussia gains land
The wars were diplomacy by another means
Goals of the Congress of Vienna
Reverse the clock. Bring back the old order. Create a balance of power
Conservative rethrenchment
Bringing the conservative, old order governments back into power after the French Revolution
Revolutions of 1848
Radical uprisings throughout Europe after the French Revolution. Violently put down by conservative governments
Thermidorian Reaction
The reaction to the fall of Robespierre. Consirvatives come back into power and have the white terror, getting rid of radicals
Directory
Executive body of Constitution of the Year III
Chosen by council of elders. 5 person executive body
Saint Domingue
French colony where the Haitian revolutions happened
Reasons for Haitian Revolution
Slaves were treated horribly. Gens de Colour and whites were fighting. Slaves took advantage of the opportunity and took over the colony
Toussaint Louverture
“Black Napoleon”
Main leader of the Haitian Revolution
Order of Governments of the French Revolution
EG NA NCA LA NC D C E
Finance Ministers
Maupeou Turgot Necker Calonne Brienne
