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Anatomy & Physiology > LabExam2: Vision > Flashcards

LabExam2: Vision Flashcards

1
Q

4 Major External Senses

A

Hearing/Audition
Smell/Olfaction
Taste/Gustation
Touch/Tactition

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2
Q

Exteroceptors

A

Detect stimuli that arise external to the body

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3
Q

Interoceptors

A

Detect stimuli that originate within the body

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4
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Special class of interoceptors that signal conditions deep within the body to the CNS

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5
Q

Sclerotic coat

A

tough, white outer layer which protects and gives shape to the eyeball

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6
Q

Sclera

A

Place for muscle attachment to move the eye
“white of the eye”

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7
Q

Cornea

A

Transparent outer covering of the front of the eye, which is the extension of the sclera

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8
Q

Conjuctiva

A

Thin membrane continuous with the inner surface of the eyelid and adhering to the cornea

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9
Q

Astigmatism

A

Abnormality in the shape of the cornea resulting in improper focusing of light rays

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10
Q

Choroid

A

Pigmented, vascular layer which prevents internal reflection of light rays

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11
Q

Tapetum lucidum

A

The “bright carpet”
Part of the choroid layer
Metallic luster that reflects some light back to the retina improving light in low-light conditions

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12
Q

Ciliary body

A

the anterior thickening of the choroid layer and having the ciliary muscles used for changing lens shape for focusing on near muscles

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13
Q

Where are eye fluids produced?

A

Ciliary body

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14
Q

Iris

A

Forward extension of the choroid layer
Regulates the amount of light passing through the lens

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15
Q

Pupil

A

Opening in the center of the iris

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16
Q

Suspensory Ligament

A

Fine fibers arising from the ciliary body and attaching to the lens
Keeps the lens in place
Causes the flattening of the lens when the choroid layer & ciliary body exert tension

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17
Q

Retina

A

Innermost layer of the eyeball
Thick portion in contact with the choroid layer is sensitive to light
Contains rods & cones

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18
Q

Optic Nerve

A

Sensory afferent from the eye

19
Q

Optic Disk

A

Where the optic nerve leaves the retina there are no rods or cones
“Blind spot”

20
Q

Macula (lutein)

A

Area of retina with most acute vision
Where the eye tries to focus the image

21
Q

Fovea

A

Part of the macula containing only cones
Where are critical vision occurs

22
Q

Rods

A

Function in dim light
Contain rhodopsin and Vitamin A

23
Q

Rhodopsin

A

visual purple
(turns purple after green and blue wavelengths are absorbed)

24
Q

Cones

A

Function in bright light and color perception

25
Q

Cones have 3 visual pigments that absorb

A

red, green, blue wavelengths

26
Q

Where are cones located? What is their size compared to rods?

A

In the retina
Shorter than rods

27
Q

Anterior chamber

A

between cornea and iris
filled with aqueous humor

28
Q

Aqueous Humor

A

clean, watery fluid that is constantly being produced reabsorbed

29
Q

Posterior Chamber

A

between iris and lens
filled with aqueous humor
continuous with anterior chamber

30
Q

What does a buildup of aqueous humor result in?

A

Glaucoma & an increase in intraocular pressure

31
Q

Vitreous Body

A

large cavity behind the lens
filled with vitreous humor

32
Q

Vitreous Humor

A

semigelatinous fluid

33
Q

What happens when we focus on an object closer than about 20 feet?

A

the ciliary muscles contract pulling the choroid layer forward decreasing the tension on the suspensory ligament and allows the lens to become more round

34
Q

Ridges

A

muscles on the lens

35
Q

What color is the choroid?

A

Black

36
Q

Why is the cornea important?

A

It focuses the light rays on the retina

37
Q

Why is the lens important?

A

It is responsible for “fine tuning” of the image

38
Q

When the eye is at rest, what muscles are relaxed?

A

Ciliary

39
Q

When the eye is at rest, the ciliary muscles are relaxed which results in….

A

the choroid layer exerting its greatest tension on the suspensory ligament and flattening of the lens

40
Q

When we focus on an object closer than about 20 ft, what muscles contract pulling the choroid layer forward which decreases the tension on what ligament and allows the lens to become more round?

A

ciliary
suspensory

41
Q

A horses eyes are on the side of its head which gives the horse what type of vision?

A

Limited binocular

42
Q

Horses reposition their heads to aid in focusing images on the

A

Macula

43
Q
A

Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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