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Lab Dx Test1 > LabDxCBCquizlet > Flashcards

LabDxCBCquizlet Flashcards

1
Q

After an appropriate history and physical examination, CBC can help

A

Make a diagnosis

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2
Q

Small pinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding under the skin

A

Petechiae

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3
Q

A large bone marrow cell with a lobulated nucleus responsible for the production of thrombocytes (platelets)

A

Megakaryocyte

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4
Q

All blood cells stem from the ____________

A

Hematopoietic stem cell

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5
Q

_________ gives rise to basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes.

A

Myeloblast

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6
Q

What are some complaints that might lead you to perform a CBC?

A

Fever, fatigue, dyspnea (shortness of breath), palpitations, lymphadenopathy, and dizziness to name a few…

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7
Q

What are the two main types of leukocytes?

A

Granulocytes & Agranulocytes

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8
Q

What are the three types of granulocytes?

A

Neutrophils, Basophils, and Eosinophils

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9
Q

What are the two types of agranulocytes?

A

Lymphocytes & Monocytes

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10
Q

What population typically has a higher WBC count?

A

Children under the age of two (they haven’t had time to build up a proper immune system.

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11
Q

Compromises 55-70% of total WBC count.

A

Neutrophils

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12
Q

The condition of having an elevated neutrophil & WBC count.

A

Neutrophilia

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13
Q

Charachterized by 2-4 lobes

A

Neutrophils

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14
Q

Plays a central role in inflammatory processes and is the first wave of cells invading sites of infection

A

Neutrophils

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15
Q

Increase when associated with allergic conditions and parasitic infections.

A

Eosinophils (eosinophilia)

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16
Q

WBC with purple granules which are superimposed over the nucleus

A

Basophils

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17
Q

We know that they synthesize and store histamine and heparin. May increase with allergic conditions

A

Basophils

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18
Q

Typical folded, lobulated nucleus and a round glass appearance to the cytoplasm.

A

Monocytes

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19
Q

What type of lymphocytes are a part of the antibody producing process?

A

B-Lymphocytes

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20
Q

Granules are large and stain more intensely than other WBCs

A

Eosinophils

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21
Q

______ represent the “cellular arm” of the immune response and may attack foreign cells, cancer cells and cells infected by e.g. a virus.

A

T-Lymphocytes

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22
Q

What type of white blood cell may increase in chronic infections, chronic inflammatory disorders, MDS, and leukemia?

A

Monocytes

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23
Q

What commonly prescribed medication will drastically elevate a WBC count?

A

Steroids

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24
Q

What could cause the WBC count to be elevated?

A

Infection

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25
Q

Where is venipuncture typically performed?

A

antecubital fossa

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26
Q

What could cause a decrease in WBC count?

A

Marrow failure or Marrow Neoplasm

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27
Q

ANC

A

Absolute Neutrophil Count

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28
Q

What are bands?

A

Immature WBCs

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29
Q

How do you calculate ANC

A

WBC x (Neutrophil % + band %)

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30
Q

A patient with an ANC level of less than ______ is considered severely immunocompromised

A

1,000

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31
Q

How could Eating, physical activity and stress effect the WBC count?

A

Increase

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32
Q

__-Lymphocytes compromise ~90% of our lymphocytes and __-Lymphocytes compromise ~5%

A

T-Lymphocytes / B-Lymphocytes

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33
Q

How could pregnancy (final month) and labor effect the WBC count?

A

Increase

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34
Q

WBC counts tend to be ____ in the morning and ____ in the afternoon

A

Lower / Higher

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35
Q

Newborns & Infants tend to have a ________ WBC count

A

Higher

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36
Q

Inflammation can often _______ WBC count

A

Increase

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37
Q

Name some medications that can increase the WBC count.

A

Steroids, Adrenaline, Allopurinol, ASA (Aspirin), and Epinephrine

38
Q

Name some medications that can decrease the WBC count.

A

Antibiotics, anticonvulsants, barbiturates, chemotherapy, antipsychotics, and diuretics

39
Q

Who may not develop an elevated WBC even in the presence of a severe infection?

A

The elderly

40
Q

The term for a decreased WBC count

A

Leukopenia

41
Q

Abnormal or malignant white cells (blasts) that originate in the bone marrow and then circulate in the blood stream, which can then invade other organs.

A

Leukemic Neoplasms

42
Q

What is the lifespan of a RBC?

A

120 Days

43
Q

Where is erythropoietin produced?

A

Kidney

44
Q

Where are RBCs broken down?

A

Spleen

45
Q

Cells are Biconcave with no nucleus except for immature cells

A

RBCs

46
Q

What is MCV?

A

Mean corpuscular volume (average size of the red blood cell)

47
Q

Excessive RBC count is defined as

A

Erythocytosis

48
Q

Someone with a RBC count that is greater than 10% below normal would be diagnosed with __________.

A

Anemia

49
Q

What does Hematocrit measure?

A

(PCV) Packed cell volume it is the % of total blood volume made up of RBCs

50
Q

What is the rule of threes?

A

Hct = 3 x Hgb

51
Q

What could cause an decrease in the RBC count?

A

Hemorrhage

52
Q

What could cause a increase in the RBC count?

A

Hemo-concentration

53
Q

Hemo-dilution typically occurs in

A

pregnancy

54
Q

What is the formula for calculating MCV?

A

Hct x 10 / RBC

55
Q

What is MCH?

A

MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN

56
Q

What does mean corpuscular hemoglobin measure?

A

Reflects average amount (weight) of Hgb in each RBC

57
Q

How do you calculate MCH?

A

HGB / RBC

58
Q

What is MCHC?

A

MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION (MCHC)

59
Q

What does MCHC measure?

A

Average concentration of HGB in an RBC

60
Q

How do you calculate MCHC?

A

HGB / HCT

61
Q

What is RDW?

A

Red cell distribution width

62
Q

What does RDW measure?

A

Indicates cell size variability, determining bone marrow function and evaluation of erythropoietic activity, classification of anemias…

63
Q

What would a high or low RDW tell you?

A

If you have a high RDW, it tells you the bone marrow is cranking out RBC’s and that the marrow is responding to something (anemia or pregnancy). By the same token you if RDW is low than the bone marrow is not producing RBCs as it should.

64
Q

Considerable variation in size of cells

A

Anisocytosis

65
Q

Immature RBCs are called

A

Retics

66
Q

What is the single best test to determine the bone marrow response to anemia?

A

Reticulocyte count

67
Q

How long does it take a retic to mature?

A

2 days

68
Q

A low reticulocyte count could indicate what?

A

No bone marrow response

69
Q

What could cause a high reticulocyte count?

A

The bone marrow is trying to compensate for anemia or blood loss

70
Q

A test that complements RBC indices and RDW

A

Examination of a Peripheral Smear

71
Q

Abnormally shaped RBCs

A

Poikilocytosis

72
Q

A blood disorder passed down through families (inherited) in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin

A

Thalassemia

73
Q

When might you see Burr cells in a sample?

A

Uremia

74
Q

Molecular defect in one or more of the proteins of the red blood cell cytoskeleton. They also have a high osmotic fragility they are more likely to burst than normal red blood cells. These cells are more prone to physical degradation.

A

Spherocytes (seen in Acquired immunohemolytic anemia)

75
Q

Formed by damage to the hemoglobin component molecules

A

Heinz Bodies

76
Q

Heinz bodies are typically seen in

A

Alpha Thalassemia (disorder that reduces the production of hemoglobin)

77
Q

When would you typically see Howell-Jolly Bodies

A

Myelodsyplasia

78
Q

When would you see Basophilic Stippling?

A

Lead poisoning

79
Q

Another name for Helmet cells

A

Schistocytes

80
Q

When would you see Schistocytes in the blood?

A

Artificial valve

81
Q

Formed in marrow from megakaryocytes

A

Thrombocytes (platelets)

82
Q

Where are thrombocytes stored?

A

Some are stored in the liver & spleen although most freely circulate

83
Q

What is the life span of a thrombocyte?

A

7-9 Days

84
Q

When might you see thrombocytopenia?

A

Reduction in production: marrow failure

85
Q

When might you see Thrombocytosis?

A

Fe deficiency anemia

86
Q

The rate at which RBCs settle in saline solution or plasma over a specified amount of time

A

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

87
Q

A test that can help determine if anemia or leukocytosis is related to inflammation or chronic disease states

A

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

88
Q

What are critical hematocrit levels?

A

60%

89
Q

How do you calculate reticular index?

A

Retic % x ( Pt’s HCT/nl hematocrit)

90
Q

What is the largest WBC?

A

Monocyte

Lab Dx Test1 (6 decks)

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