Hematology quizlet gmb

Question 1

What converts Folate into its active form?

Answer 1

B12

Question 2

What does B12 help to synthesize?

Answer 2

Nucleic Acids and Amino Acids

Question 3

What conditions can B12 deficiency contribute to?

Answer 3

Neutropenia and Thrombocytopenia

Question 4

What are the main sources of B12?

Answer 4

Meat, Eggs, and Dairy

Question 5

How is B12 detached from its binding proteins?

Answer 5

Gastic Acid

Question 6

Where is B12 absorbed? What is it aided by?

Answer 6

Small intestine, IF

Question 7

Where is IF made?

Answer 7

Gastric mucosa

Question 8

What is the MCC of B12 deficiency?

Answer 8

IF deficiency

Question 9

What is the 2nd and 3rd common cause of B12 deficiency?

Answer 9

Decrease/deficiency in gastric acid, Malabsorption

Question 10

What does MMA measure?

Answer 10

B12 activity

Question 11

What type of anemia can a B12 level help to evaluate? And in what kinds of patients?

Answer 11

Megaloblastic Anemia, Malnourished (vegan, vegetarian, alcoholics)

Question 12

What are interfering factors with B12 absorption?

Answer 12

EtOH, aspirin, anticonvulsants, colchicine, OCP’s, and aminoglycoside antibiotics

Question 13

What tube do you collect B12 samples in? Is fasting required?

Answer 13

Red top tube, No fasting required

Question 14

What is the IF Antibody needed to diagnose?

Answer 14

Pernicious Anemia

Question 15

What cannot be absorbed without IF?

Answer 15

B12

Question 16

What type of tube do you collect an IF sample in? Is fasting required?

Answer 16

Red top tube, no fasting required

Question 17

What can interfere with getting an accurate IF levels result?

Answer 17

A B12 shot within the last 48 hours

Question 18

What antibody is present in Pernicious anemia?

Answer 18

Anti-parietal cell antibody

Question 19

Where are the parietal cells located that the anti-parietal cell antibody attacks?

Answer 19

The proximal stomach

Question 20

What 2 other conditions are the anti-parietal cell antibodies associated with?

Answer 20

Thyroiditis (hypothyroidism=myxedema), juvenile DM, Addison’s disease, and Fe-deficiency anemia

Question 21

What kind of tube do you collect an anti-parietal cell antibody sample in?

Answer 21

Red top

Question 22

When would you test for serum folate?

Answer 22

Megaloblastic anemia, in alcoholic patients

Question 23

What is folate important for?

Answer 23

Normal functioning of red and white blood cells, synthesis of purines/pyramidimes, AA synthesis, and fetal development (prenatal vitamins)

Question 24

Where is Folate absorbed?

Answer 24

GI tract

Question 25

What kind of tube do you collect a Folate sample in? Is fasting required?

Answer 25

Red top tube, no fasting required

Question 26

What are the main causes of folate deficiency?

Answer 26

Dietary deficiency (alcoholics), Malabsorption syndrome, Pregnancy

Question 27

What medications can affect the efficiency of Folate levels (folic acid antagonists)?

Answer 27

Anti-seizure meds, Anti-malarials, EtOH, Methotrexate

Question 28

What 3 conditions are Folate deficiency seen in?

Answer 28

Megaloblastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, pregnancy, malnutrition, liver disease, Sprue, Celiac's, CKD

Question 29

What condition is typically associated with excess Folate?

Answer 29

Veganism/Vegetarianism

Question 30

What are the 5 Fe studies that assess Fe levels/stores?

Answer 30

Total serum Fe, TIBC, Transferrin, Transferrin saturation, and Ferritin

Question 31

What are 3 conditions found from serum Fe measurements?

Answer 31

Deficiency, overload, and poisoning

Question 32

What kind of tube do you draw a Fe sample in?

Answer 32

Red top tube

Question 33

Are iron levels normally higher in Males or Females?

Answer 33

Males

Question 34

Where is iron stored in the body? And in what percentages?

Answer 34

Hemoglobin (70%), Ferritin and Hemosiderin (30%)

Question 35

How is Fe supplied?

Answer 35

Diet

Question 36

How does Fe make its way to be used in the production of Hgb and RBC's?

Answer 36

Absorbed in the SI, bound to transferrin in the plasma, brought to the red bone marrow

Question 37

What are some reasons for decreased Fe levels in Anemia?

Answer 37

Insufficient intake, poor absorption, increased Fe requirements, and blood loss

Question 38

In what 2 conditions are Fe overload seen?

Answer 38

Hemochromatosis and Hemosiderosis

Question 39

Where does excess Fe deposit? And what does it cause?

Answer 39

Brain, liver, and heart. Causes dysfunction

Question 40

What does TIBC stand for?

Answer 40

Total Iron Binding Capacity

Question 41

What does TIBC measure?

Answer 41

The amount of proteins that are available to bind free Fe

Question 42

What does TIBC indirectly measure?

Answer 42

Transferrin (indirect but very accurate)

Question 43

in what direction do TIBC values drift in iron deficiency?

Answer 43

upward: increase

Question 44

What does TIBC reflect in the body?

Answer 44

Liver function and nutrition status (NOT Fe metabolism)

Question 45

What is Transferrin?

Answer 45

A protein that binds Fe for transportation throughout the body

Question 46

How do you calculate Fe Saturation %?

Answer 46

((Serum Fe level x 100%)/TIBC)

Question 47

What kind of protein is Transferrin? HINT: Think reaction

Answer 47

Negative acute phase reactant protein

Question 48

In acute inflammatory reactions, does Fe Saturation go up or down?

Answer 48

Up

Question 49

In what conditions/disease does Fe Saturation go down?

Answer 49

Malignancy, Vascular and Liver disease

Question 50

What conditions cause the Fe Saturation to elevate?

Answer 50

Hemochromatosis and hemolytic anemia

Question 51

Increased Ferritin is caused by what 2 conditions?

Answer 51

Hemochromotosis, Hemosiderosis, Fe poisoning, Megaloblast/Hemolytic anemia, Alcoholic hepatobiliary disease, Hepatitis, Inflammatory diseases, Advanced-stage cancers, Chronic illnesses

Question 52

Decreased or increased Ferritin in Fe deficiency anemia, Severe protein deficiency, and Hemodialysis ?

Answer 52

decreased

Question 53

Decreased Serum Fe AND TIBC are caused by?

Answer 53

chronic disease

Question 54

Increased Serum Fe AND TIBC are caused by?

Answer 54

Hemolytic/Sideroblastic/Megaloblastic Anemias, and Fe Overload