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Lab Dx Test1 > Hematology quizlet gmb > Flashcards

Hematology quizlet gmb Flashcards

1
Q

What converts Folate into its active form?

A

B12

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2
Q

What does B12 help to synthesize?

A

Nucleic Acids and Amino Acids

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3
Q

What conditions can B12 deficiency contribute to?

A

Neutropenia and Thrombocytopenia

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4
Q

What are the main sources of B12?

A

Meat, Eggs, and Dairy

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5
Q

How is B12 detached from its binding proteins?

A

Gastic Acid

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6
Q

Where is B12 absorbed? What is it aided by?

A

Small intestine, IF

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7
Q

Where is IF made?

A

Gastric mucosa

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8
Q

What is the MCC of B12 deficiency?

A

IF deficiency

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9
Q

What is the 2nd and 3rd common cause of B12 deficiency?

A

Decrease/deficiency in gastric acid, Malabsorption

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10
Q

What does MMA measure?

A

B12 activity

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11
Q

What type of anemia can a B12 level help to evaluate? And in what kinds of patients?

A

Megaloblastic Anemia, Malnourished (vegan, vegetarian, alcoholics)

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12
Q

What are interfering factors with B12 absorption?

A

EtOH, aspirin, anticonvulsants, colchicine, OCP’s, and aminoglycoside antibiotics

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13
Q

What tube do you collect B12 samples in? Is fasting required?

A

Red top tube, No fasting required

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14
Q

What is the IF Antibody needed to diagnose?

A

Pernicious Anemia

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15
Q

What cannot be absorbed without IF?

A

B12

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16
Q

What type of tube do you collect an IF sample in? Is fasting required?

A

Red top tube, no fasting required

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17
Q

What can interfere with getting an accurate IF levels result?

A

A B12 shot within the last 48 hours

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18
Q

What antibody is present in Pernicious anemia?

A

Anti-parietal cell antibody

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19
Q

Where are the parietal cells located that the anti-parietal cell antibody attacks?

A

The proximal stomach

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20
Q

What 2 other conditions are the anti-parietal cell antibodies associated with?

A

Thyroiditis (hypothyroidism=myxedema), juvenile DM, Addison’s disease, and Fe-deficiency anemia

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21
Q

What kind of tube do you collect an anti-parietal cell antibody sample in?

A

Red top

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22
Q

When would you test for serum folate?

A

Megaloblastic anemia, in alcoholic patients

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23
Q

What is folate important for?

A

Normal functioning of red and white blood cells, synthesis of purines/pyramidimes, AA synthesis, and fetal development (prenatal vitamins)

24
Q

Where is Folate absorbed?

A

GI tract

25
Q

What kind of tube do you collect a Folate sample in? Is fasting required?

A

Red top tube, no fasting required

26
Q

What are the main causes of folate deficiency?

A

Dietary deficiency (alcoholics), Malabsorption syndrome, Pregnancy

27
Q

What medications can affect the efficiency of Folate levels (folic acid antagonists)?

A

Anti-seizure meds, Anti-malarials, EtOH, Methotrexate

28
Q

What 3 conditions are Folate deficiency seen in?

A

Megaloblastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, pregnancy, malnutrition, liver disease, Sprue, Celiac’s, CKD

29
Q

What condition is typically associated with excess Folate?

A

Veganism/Vegetarianism

30
Q

What are the 5 Fe studies that assess Fe levels/stores?

A

Total serum Fe, TIBC, Transferrin, Transferrin saturation, and Ferritin

31
Q

What are 3 conditions found from serum Fe measurements?

A

Deficiency, overload, and poisoning

32
Q

What kind of tube do you draw a Fe sample in?

A

Red top tube

33
Q

Are iron levels normally higher in Males or Females?

A

Males

34
Q

Where is iron stored in the body? And in what percentages?

A

Hemoglobin (70%), Ferritin and Hemosiderin (30%)

35
Q

How is Fe supplied?

A

Diet

36
Q

How does Fe make its way to be used in the production of Hgb and RBC’s?

A

Absorbed in the SI, bound to transferrin in the plasma, brought to the red bone marrow

37
Q

What are some reasons for decreased Fe levels in Anemia?

A

Insufficient intake, poor absorption, increased Fe requirements, and blood loss

38
Q

In what 2 conditions are Fe overload seen?

A

Hemochromatosis and Hemosiderosis

39
Q

Where does excess Fe deposit? And what does it cause?

A

Brain, liver, and heart. Causes dysfunction

40
Q

What does TIBC stand for?

A

Total Iron Binding Capacity

41
Q

What does TIBC measure?

A

The amount of proteins that are available to bind free Fe

42
Q

What does TIBC indirectly measure?

A

Transferrin (indirect but very accurate)

43
Q

in what direction do TIBC values drift in iron deficiency?

A

upward: increase

44
Q

What does TIBC reflect in the body?

A

Liver function and nutrition status (NOT Fe metabolism)

45
Q

What is Transferrin?

A

A protein that binds Fe for transportation throughout the body

46
Q

How do you calculate Fe Saturation %?

A

((Serum Fe level x 100%)/TIBC)

47
Q

What kind of protein is Transferrin? HINT: Think reaction

A

Negative acute phase reactant protein

48
Q

In acute inflammatory reactions, does Fe Saturation go up or down?

A

Up

49
Q

In what conditions/disease does Fe Saturation go down?

A

Malignancy, Vascular and Liver disease

50
Q

What conditions cause the Fe Saturation to elevate?

A

Hemochromatosis and hemolytic anemia

51
Q

Increased Ferritin is caused by what 2 conditions?

A

Hemochromotosis, Hemosiderosis, Fe poisoning, Megaloblast/Hemolytic anemia, Alcoholic hepatobiliary disease, Hepatitis, Inflammatory diseases, Advanced-stage cancers, Chronic illnesses

52
Q

Decreased or increased Ferritin in Fe deficiency anemia, Severe protein deficiency, and Hemodialysis ?

A

decreased

53
Q

Decreased Serum Fe AND TIBC are caused by?

A

chronic disease

54
Q

Increased Serum Fe AND TIBC are caused by?

A

Hemolytic/Sideroblastic/Megaloblastic Anemias, and Fe Overload

55
Q
A

Lab Dx Test1 (6 decks)

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