lab4

Question 1

What distinguishes Plantae (3)

Answer 1

1. An alternation of generations life cycle
2. gametangia and sporangia with multicellular walls
3. embryos nourished and protected by a gametophyte

Question 2

Multicellular walls are an adaptation to

Answer 2

prevent the embryos and reproductive cells from dessication

Question 3

1. Moss phylum is _______
2. Our model organism is ______
3. Dominant generation
4. vascular/non-vascular
5. It’s habitat is _______
6. It obtains energy from ________
7. Sessile or motile? Motile how?
8. reproduction is ________
9. Some adaptations are ________
10. Some friends are _________

Answer 3

1. Bryophyta
2. Polytrichum
3. Gametophyte
4. non-vascular
5. moist terrestrial (boreal forest, acidic soil)
6. gametophyte photosynthetic, sporophyte completely dependant on gametophyte
7. sessile
8. unisexual (archegonia and antheridia on seperate gametophytes, also asexual by fragmentation
9. Elongated sporophyte stalk for easier spore dispersal
10. Mnium, sphagnum, marchantia

Question 4

obstacles of plants to dry terrestrial environmnet (vascular plants)

Answer 4

1. prevent dessication
2. absorb water
3. transport water and nutrients
4. support themselves against gravity
5. disperse/reproduce on dry land

Question 5

How plants prevent dessication

Answer 5

Cuticles

 - a waxy covering which prevents water loss
 - secreted by epidermis

Question 6

How plants absorb water and inorganic nutrients

Answer 6

roots

- earlier plants absorbed through rhizoids

Question 7

How plants transport water and nutrients

Answer 7

specialized conducting tissue(xylem and phloem)

- transports water minerals and sugars

Question 8

xylem

Answer 8

transports water and dissolved minerals

Question 9

phloem

Answer 9

transports sugars (food and hormones)

Question 10

how plants developed support

Answer 10

xylem has secondary cell wall made of polymer called lignin (it provides support to the plant body)

Question 11

How plants can disperse

Answer 11

sporopollenin - decay resistant polymer that covers plant spores, indestructible to microbial attacks

Question 12

vascular tissue contains

Answer 12

tracheids - specialized thick-walled, water-conducting cells

Question 13

Sieve elements

Answer 13

food conducting cells, part of the phloem tissue

Question 14

1. Club Moss phylum is _______
2. Our model organism is ______
3. Dominant generation
4. vascular/non-vascular
5. It’s habitat is _______
6. It obtains energy from ________
7. Sessile or motile? Motile how?
8. reproduction is ________
9. Some adaptations are ________
10. Some friends are _________

Answer 14

1. Lycopodiophyta
2. Lycopodium
3. Sporophyte
4. vascular
5. Undergrowth in forested areas of N.A.
6. Gametophytes photosynthetic when above ground
7. sessile
9. aerial stems to spread spores
10. selaginella

Question 15

megaphylls

Answer 15

leaves with vascular tissue in the form of extensively branched veins

Question 16

1. Fern phylum is _______
2. Our model organism is ______
3. Dominant generation
4. vascular/non-vascular
5. It’s habitat is _______
6. homosporous or heterosporous
7. Sessile or motile? Motile how?
8. Some adaptations are ________
9. Some friends are _________

Answer 16

1. pteridophyta
2. polypodium
3. Sporophyte
4. vascular
5. Tropical forest in south and central america
6. their both
7. sessile
8. When sporangia dry out, the tip of sporangium open up and snap back to catapult spore
9. salvinia, psilotum, equisetum

Question 17

characteristics shared by green algae and plants

Answer 17

1. chlorophylls a & b

2. storage of sugars as starch

Question 18

Difference between rhizoids rhizomes and roots

Answer 18

rhizoids - root-like structure in non-vascular plants
rhizome - bundle of stems in vascular plants
roots - you know