lab3

Question 1

mycelium

Answer 1

group of hyphae

Question 2

the mobility of reproductive cells in fungi

Answer 2

non-motile reproductive cells(except chytridiomycota)

Question 3

fungi digestion

Answer 3

saprobes that use extracellular digestion

Question 4

symbionts

Answer 4

those that live in association with other organisms where both organisms benefit

Question 5

mycorrhizae

Answer 5

are an association with the roots of plants

 - (grow in and around the roots of plants)
      - (creates an environment that facilitates the uptake by the plant)
      - (fungi benefit by obtaining water and nutrients from the plant roots)

Question 6

facts about spores (3)

Answer 6

waterproof
can remain dormant
germinates and grows into hyphae

Question 7

Asexual reproduction in fungi occurs by

Answer 7

fragmentation of the mycelium or by production of asexual spores

Question 8

rhizoids

Answer 8

attact allomyces or rhizopus to food source, short branched

Question 9

sporangia have

Answer 9

discharge papillae through which diploid zoospores are released for asexual reproduction

Question 10

amylase

Answer 10

digestive enzyme in rhizopus which converts starch into sugar

Question 11

The dominant stage of fungi has

Answer 11

cell walls composed of chitin

Question 12

parasite and pathogenic don’t mean the same thing

Answer 12

nope they don’t

Question 13

How fungi battle a lack of moisture (2)

Answer 13

• grow within food source, using its moisture or the moisture from the environment
• produce spores when environment dries out (these spores are waterproof, can remain dormant for years)

Question 14

Fungi usually only conspicuous(noticeable) when

Answer 14

they undergo sexual reproduction

- their sexual structures are elevated and spores released are dispersed by air currents

Question 15

sexual reproduction involves

Answer 15

• the fusion of gametes
• produced in gametangia
  
  • from two different mating strains

Question 16

1. aseptate fungi phylums (2)

2. their nuclei are _______

Answer 16

1. chytridiomycota, zygomycota
   
   • have a single-celled hyphal strand(can be several meters)
2. multinucleate (because multiple nuclei can fit in the long hyphal strand)

Question 17

1. septate fungi phylums (2)

2. their nuclei

Answer 17

1. ascomycota and basidiomycota

2. uninucleate

Question 18

In zygomycota/ascomycota/basidiomycota the fusion of hyphae results in

Answer 18

a resitant stage, the zygospore/ascocarp/basidiocarp(undergoes meiosis to produce spores/hold asci to produce spores/basidia on gills produce basidiospores)

Question 19

chytridiomycota

1. aseptate/septate
2. are the most ________
3. produce ______ gametes

Answer 19

1. aseptate
2. primitive
3. motile

Question 20

1. Chytrid phylum is _______
2. Our model organism is ______
3. It’s troph type is _____
4. it’s cellular type is ________
5. It’s habitat is _______
6. It obtains energy from ________
7. Sessile or motile? Motile how?
8. reproduction is ________
9. Some adaptations are ________
10. Some friends are _________
11. hyphae type

Answer 20

1. Chytridiomycota
2. Allomyces
3. heterotroph(saprotroph)
4. muticellular
5. freshwater
6. Saprotroph, secretes digestive enzymes to break down it’s food
7. They have motile gametes, i think they’re sessile otherwise
8. thin-walled sporangia(asexually) produce diploid zoospores, thick-walled sporangia (sexually) produce haploid zoospores
9. flagellated gametes to move away from organism
10. Neocallimastix, bastrachochytrium
11. aseptate, multinucleate

Question 21

alternation of generations

Answer 21

alternates between a multicellular haploid generation and a multicellular diploid generation

Question 22

1. Bread mold phylum is _______
2. Our model organism is ______
3. It’s troph type is _____
4. it’s cellular type is ________
5. It’s habitat is _______
6. It obtains energy from ________
7. Sessile or motile? Motile how?
8. reproduction is ________
9. Some adaptations are ________
10. Some friends are _________
11. hyphae type

Answer 22

1. Zygomycota
2. Rhizopus
3. heterotroph (saprotroph)
4. multicellular
5. in food source
6. extracellular digestion (secretes amylase to break down starch)
7. sessile
8. asexually has sporangiophores(upright hyphae), sporangium at tip and spores inside the sporangium
   - sexually by conjugation, branches from two haploid mating strains make gametangia, gametangia fuse to make zygosporangium, zygosporagium produce a zygospore
9. Lives in food source to prevent drying out, releases amylase to break down sugar
10. phycomyces, entomophthora
11. aseptate, multinucleate

Question 23

1. Sordaria phylum is _______
2. Our model organism is ______
3. It’s troph type is _____
4. it’s hyphae type is ________
5. It’s habitat is _______
6. It obtains energy from ________
7. Sessile or motile? Motile how?
8. reproduction is ________
9. Some adaptations are ________
10. Some friends are _________

Answer 23

1. Ascomycota
2. Sordaria
3. heterotroph (saprotroph)
4. Septate, uninucleate
5. dung and decaying plant matter
6. saprotroph, secretes enzyme
7. sessile
8. mainly sexual, occurs in each ascus to produce haploid ascospores
9. grows towards light, (spores can be released effectively
   - ascospores are coated w/ gelantinous metaerial allowing it to stick to vegation
10. morchella, claviceps, ophiostoma

Question 24

1. Mushroom phylum is _______
2. Our model organism is ______
3. It’s troph type is _____
4. it’s hyphae type is ________
5. It’s habitat is _______
6. It obtains energy from ________
7. Sessile or motile? Motile how?
8. reproduction is ________
9. Some adaptations are ________
10. Some friends are _________

Answer 24

1. Basidiomycota
2. agaricus bisporus
3. heterotroph (saprotroph)
4. septate, uninucleate
5. soil
6. saprotroph so it releases digestive enzymes
7. sessile
8. mainly sexual, has basidospores
9. velum protects developing basidiospores
   
   • break when spores reach maturity
10. oyster mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, bracket fungi, puffballs