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Physiolab > Lab2 > Flashcards

Lab2 Flashcards

1
Q

Total body water

A

600-650 ml/kg bwt

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2
Q

Extracellular compartment

A

250-300 ml/kg bwt

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3
Q

Intracellular compartment

A

350-400 ml/kg bwt

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4
Q

Density (erythrocytes)

A

1090 g/dm3

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5
Q

Average lifespan (erythrocytes)

A
  • Human, horse, ruminants, dog: 120 days
  • cat, swine, rabbit: 60 days
  • bird: 30 days
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6
Q

Minimal osmotic resistance (erythrocytes)

A

0.45-0.7% NaCl (70-120 mmol/l NaCl)

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7
Q

Maximal osmotic resistance (erythrocytes)

A

0.3-0.55%NaCl (50-90 mmol/l NaCl)

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8
Q

IgG

  • conc.
  • %
  • molecular weight
A
  • conc.: 6-30 g/l
  • % : 80%
  • molecular weight: 150000 Da
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9
Q

IgA

  • conc.
  • %
  • molecular weight
A
  • conc.: 0.1-6 g/l
  • % : 13%
  • molecular weight: 160000 Da
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10
Q

IgM

  • conc.
  • %
  • molecular weight
A
  • conc.: 1-5 g/l
  • % : 6%
  • molecular weight: 900000 Da
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11
Q

Red blood cell count

  • mammals
  • birds
A
  • Mammals: 6-12 x 10^12/l

- birds: 3 x 10^12/l

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12
Q

The percentage of reticulocytes among red blood cells (swine, dogs, cats)

A

Adult animals: 0-5%

Young animals: 1-9%

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13
Q

White blood cell count

  • mammals
  • birds
A
  • mammals: 5-15 x 10^9/l

- birds: 15-30 x 10^9/l

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14
Q

Thrombocyte count

A

200-800 x 10^9/l

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15
Q

Importance of biochemical and genetic polymorphism

A

Identifying individual animals, pedigree control and in production

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16
Q

Biochemical polymorphism

A

Different variants of subunits of certain molecules that have the same functions (different amino acid composition)

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17
Q

How many blood group systems and blood group antigens are known in cattle?

A

13 blood groups and approximately 100 blood group antigens

18
Q

Genes making up the Rh antigen

A

C, D and E, possible alleles at each locus; C/c D/d E/e

19
Q

Number of blood group antigens in dog and cat

A

Dog: at least 14
Cat: 2

20
Q

3 points making the blood group system of domestic animals differ from those of human

A
  1. Often no preformed antibodies are present against RBC antigens of other individuals
  2. Often antigens are present in the plasma as well
  3. Most artificially produced antibodies have a hemolysing rather than agglutinating character
21
Q

What is hemagglutination?

A

Hemaglutinins react with RBC that have antigens that the hemagglutin recognizes

22
Q

What happens if Rh pos. RBC gets into the bloodstream of an Rh neg. individual?

A

Anti-D (IgG type) antibodies form

23
Q

What is the simplest method for controlling blood group compatibility?

A

Biological incompatibility test; small amount of blood is administered. If there are now abnormal reactions, the full transfusion can be given after 10 min.

24
Q

Properties of LDH isoenzymes

A

Oxidizing lactic acid into pyruvic acid in the presence of NAD+ coenzyme

25
Q

Separating LDH isoenzymes

A

By gel-electrophoresis

26
Q

What happens to the erythrocytes in the hypotonic solution?

A

They shrink because of water loss

27
Q

What happens to erythrocytes in hypotonic solutions?

A

They sell as a result of water uptake

28
Q

What characterizes the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood?

A

Red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value

29
Q

Why is WBC count of clinical importance?

A

Because it helps to draw a distinction between leukaemias and inflammatory processes

30
Q

Leukocytosis

A

High WBC count

31
Q

Leukopenia

A

Low WBC count

32
Q

What type are the antibodies against the A and B antigens?

A

IgM immunoglobulins, so they can’t get through the placenta

33
Q

Macrocytosis

A

Too large RBC’s

34
Q

Microcytosis

A

Too small RBC

35
Q

Symptoms if donors RBC are destroyed in the recipients plasma during blood transfusion?

A

Fever, shock, acute uraemia or even death

36
Q

What type of reaction is the transfusion reaction?

A

Type II hypersensitive reaction

37
Q

What is cold agglutination?

A

Agglutination may occur below room temperature, ever type 0

38
Q

What is isocytosis?

A

If all cells have the same diameter

39
Q

What do you use to dilute blood?

A

Physiological saline solution

40
Q

What does Türk solution?

A

Loses RBC and stains the nucleus of WBC

41
Q

What kind of Ig is anti-D?

A

IgG type

Physiolab (5 decks)

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