Lab2 Flashcards
Total body water
600-650 ml/kg bwt
Extracellular compartment
250-300 ml/kg bwt
Intracellular compartment
350-400 ml/kg bwt
Density (erythrocytes)
1090 g/dm3
Average lifespan (erythrocytes)
- Human, horse, ruminants, dog: 120 days
- cat, swine, rabbit: 60 days
- bird: 30 days
Minimal osmotic resistance (erythrocytes)
0.45-0.7% NaCl (70-120 mmol/l NaCl)
Maximal osmotic resistance (erythrocytes)
0.3-0.55%NaCl (50-90 mmol/l NaCl)
IgG
- conc.
- %
- molecular weight
- conc.: 6-30 g/l
- % : 80%
- molecular weight: 150000 Da
IgA
- conc.
- %
- molecular weight
- conc.: 0.1-6 g/l
- % : 13%
- molecular weight: 160000 Da
IgM
- conc.
- %
- molecular weight
- conc.: 1-5 g/l
- % : 6%
- molecular weight: 900000 Da
Red blood cell count
- mammals
- birds
- Mammals: 6-12 x 10^12/l
- birds: 3 x 10^12/l
The percentage of reticulocytes among red blood cells (swine, dogs, cats)
Adult animals: 0-5%
Young animals: 1-9%
White blood cell count
- mammals
- birds
- mammals: 5-15 x 10^9/l
- birds: 15-30 x 10^9/l
Thrombocyte count
200-800 x 10^9/l
Importance of biochemical and genetic polymorphism
Identifying individual animals, pedigree control and in production
Biochemical polymorphism
Different variants of subunits of certain molecules that have the same functions (different amino acid composition)
How many blood group systems and blood group antigens are known in cattle?
13 blood groups and approximately 100 blood group antigens
Genes making up the Rh antigen
C, D and E, possible alleles at each locus; C/c D/d E/e
Number of blood group antigens in dog and cat
Dog: at least 14
Cat: 2
3 points making the blood group system of domestic animals differ from those of human
- Often no preformed antibodies are present against RBC antigens of other individuals
- Often antigens are present in the plasma as well
- Most artificially produced antibodies have a hemolysing rather than agglutinating character
What is hemagglutination?
Hemaglutinins react with RBC that have antigens that the hemagglutin recognizes
What happens if Rh pos. RBC gets into the bloodstream of an Rh neg. individual?
Anti-D (IgG type) antibodies form
What is the simplest method for controlling blood group compatibility?
Biological incompatibility test; small amount of blood is administered. If there are now abnormal reactions, the full transfusion can be given after 10 min.
Properties of LDH isoenzymes
Oxidizing lactic acid into pyruvic acid in the presence of NAD+ coenzyme
Separating LDH isoenzymes
By gel-electrophoresis
What happens to the erythrocytes in the hypotonic solution?
They shrink because of water loss
What happens to erythrocytes in hypotonic solutions?
They sell as a result of water uptake
What characterizes the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood?
Red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value
Why is WBC count of clinical importance?
Because it helps to draw a distinction between leukaemias and inflammatory processes
Leukocytosis
High WBC count
Leukopenia
Low WBC count
What type are the antibodies against the A and B antigens?
IgM immunoglobulins, so they can’t get through the placenta
Macrocytosis
Too large RBC’s
Microcytosis
Too small RBC
Symptoms if donors RBC are destroyed in the recipients plasma during blood transfusion?
Fever, shock, acute uraemia or even death
What type of reaction is the transfusion reaction?
Type II hypersensitive reaction
What is cold agglutination?
Agglutination may occur below room temperature, ever type 0
What is isocytosis?
If all cells have the same diameter
What do you use to dilute blood?
Physiological saline solution
What does Türk solution?
Loses RBC and stains the nucleus of WBC
What kind of Ig is anti-D?
IgG type
