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Physiolab > Lab 5 > Flashcards

Lab 5 Flashcards

1
Q 
Respiratory rate (resting state)
Horse
A

10-15/min

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2
Q 
Respiratory rate (resting state)
Cattle
A

10-30/min

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3
Q 
Respiratory rate (resting state)
Small ruminants
A

15-30/min

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4
Q 
Respiratory rate (resting state)
Swine
A

12-20/min

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5
Q 
Respiratory rate (resting state)
Adult dog
New-born dog
A

Adult 15-30/min

New-born 30-40/min

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6
Q

Respiratory rate (resting state)
Adult cat
New-born cat

A

Adult 20-30/min

New-born 35-45/min

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7
Q 
Respiratory rate (resting state)
Rabbit
A

50-60/min

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8
Q 
Respiratory rate (resting state)
Poultry
A

10-40/min

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9
Q

Atmospheric pressure

A

760 mmHg (101.3 kPa)

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10
Q

Pressure values during inspiration and expiration

Alveolar pressure

  • inspiration
  • expiration
A

inspiration: 757 mmHg (100.7 kPa)
expiration: 763 mmHg (101.5 kPa)

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11
Q

Pressure values during inspiration and expiration

Intrapleural pressure

  • inspiration
  • expiration
A

Inspiration: 752mmHg (100.0 kPa)

Expiration: 757mmHg (100.7 kPa)

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12
Q

Partial pressure of gases in the respiratory tract

Inspired air

  • O2
  • CO2
A

O2: 158 mmHg

CO2: 0.3 mmHg

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13
Q

Partial pressure of gases in the respiratory tract

Alveolar air

  • O2
  • CO2
A

O2: 100 mmHg

CO2: 40 mmHg

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14
Q

Partial pressure of gases in the respiratory tract

Pulmonary vein (arterial blood)

  • O2
  • CO2
A

O2: 95 mmHg

CO2: 40 mmHg

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15
Q

Partial pressure of gases in the respiratory tract

Pulmonary artery (venous blood)

  • O2
  • CO2
A

O2: 40 mmHg

CO2: 46 mmHg

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16
Q

Partial pressure of gases in the respiratory tract

Expired air

  • O2
  • CO2
A

O2: 116 mmHg

CO2: 32 mmHg

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17
Q

Partial pressure of gases in the respiratory tract

Cells

  • O2
  • CO2
A

O2: 24 mmHg

CO2: 50 mmHg

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18
Q

Characteristics of hemoglobin

Oxygen binding capacity

A

4mmol O2/ mmol Hb

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19
Q

Characteristics of hemoglobin

Iron content

A

4mmol Fe / mmol Hb

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20
Q

Maximal oxygen saturation of 1 liter blood

Arteries

  • at 120 g/l Hb content
  • at 150 g/l Hb content
A

At 120 g/l Hb content: 0.16 liter

At 150 g/l Hb content: 0.20 liter

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21
Q

Maximal oxygen saturation of 1 liter blood

Veins

  • at 120 g/l Hb content
  • at 150 g/l Hb content
A

At 120 g/l Hb content: 0.12 liter

At 150 g/l Hb content: 0.15 liter

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22
Q

Maximal oxygen saturation of 1 liter blood

Arterio-venosus O2 differency

  • at 120 g/l Hb content
  • at 150 g/l Hb content
A

At 120 g/l Hb content: 0.04 liter

At 150 g/l Hb content: 0.05 liter

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23
Q

Pressure values in the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus

A

60 mmHg

24
Q

Pressure values in the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Oncotic pressure in the glomerulus

A

30 mmHg

25
Q

Pressure values in the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Pressure in a Bowman’s capsule

A

20mmHg

26
Q

Pressure values in the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Effective filtration pressure

A

10 mmHg

27
Q

The volume and density of urine

Average daily volume

A

20-50 ml/bwt

28
Q

The volume and density of urine

Range of density

A

1015-1045 g/dm3

29
Q

Clearance values in humans

Para-amino hippuric acid

A

600 ml/min

30
Q

Clearance values in humans

Inulin

A

120 ml/min

31
Q

Clearance values in humans

Urea

A

80 ml/min

32
Q

Clearance values in humans

Glucose

A

0 ml/min

33
Q

Define dead space

A

The portion of each tidal volume that doesn’t take part in gas exchange

34
Q

Define dynamic lung volume

A

Lung volume depends on the flow rate at which air can be exhaled

35
Q

Define vital capacity

A

The maximal volume expelled after maximal inspiration (VS=ERV+IRV+VT)

36
Q

Define inspiratory reserve volume

A

The amount of air that can be forcibly inspired after normal inspiration

37
Q

Define expiratory reserve volume

A

The amount of air that can be forcibly expired after normal expiration

38
Q

Define tidal volume

A

The amount of air exhaled or inhaled during a respiratory cycle

39
Q

Define expiration capacity

A

The maximal volume expired from resting inspiratory level (EC=VT+ERT)

40
Q

Define residual volume

A

The amount of air remaining in lung after maximal expiration (RV=VC x 0.25)

41
Q

Define inspiratory capacity

A

The maximal volume inspired from resting expiratory level (IC=VT+IRV)

42
Q

Define functional residual capacity

A

The air volume that remain in the lung at resting expiratory level (FCR=ERV+RV)

43
Q

Define total lung capacity

A

The air volume in the lungs at the end of maximal inspiration (TLC=VC+RV)

44
Q

Define minimal volume

A

Achieved when lung collapse. Fraction get into interstices by diffusion at first breath

45
Q

What can be measured with pneumatometer?

A

Respiratory pressure

46
Q

Tiffeneau index formula?

A

TI(%) = (FEV1 / VC) x 100

47
Q

How to perform the Müller maneuver

A

Forced inspiration after normal expiration with closed glottis

48
Q

How to perform the Valsalva maneuver

A

Take deep breath and perform forced expiration with closed glottis

49
Q

Where is the chemoreceptors that can sense the CO2 partial pressure in the blood situated?

A

At the bottom of the fourth cerebral ventricle

50
Q

What happens with the heart rate during inspiration? Explain

A

During inspiration the heart rate is higher than during expiration. Because DRG nuclei inhibits the vagal nuclei during inspiration

51
Q

What is meant by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)?

A

Changes in heart rate in connection with respiration

52
Q

Formula for the total lung capacity

A

TLC = VC + RV

53
Q

Donder’s model

A

Glass bell, rubber sheet, two rubber balloons and cannula connected to a manometer

54
Q

Hyperpnoea

A

The deep and frequent respiration that occurs normally after exercising

55
Q

Effect of Hypocapnia

A

If it provides more air than required, can cause dizziness. Hyperventilating

Physiolab (5 decks)

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