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Diagnostic Methods - Medical Lab > Lab Values, Tube Order, formulas- need to know these! > Flashcards

Lab Values, Tube Order, formulas- need to know these! Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Normal Hemoglobin (Hgb) range?

A

12-15

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2
Q

Normal Hematocrit (Hct) range?

A

36-45%

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3
Q

Normal WBC range?

A

5000-10000

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4
Q

Normal Platelet (Plts) range?

A

150,000-400,000

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5
Q

Normal Neutrophil % range?

A

54-62%

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6
Q

Normal Lymphocyte % range?

A

25-33%

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7
Q

Normal Monocytes % range?

A

3-7%

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8
Q

Normal Eosinophils % range?

A

1-3%

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9
Q

Normal Basophils % range?

A

Less than 1%

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10
Q

Mild Neutropenia range?

A

ANC 1000 - 1500

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11
Q

Moderate Neutropenia range?

A

ANC 500 - 1000

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12
Q

Severe Neutropenia below?

A

ANC less than 500

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13
Q

Normal RBC range?

A

4-5.5

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14
Q

Normal Reticulocyte % range?

A

0.5 - 2%

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15
Q

Normal Reticulocyte Index (RPI)?

A

2.0-3.0

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16
Q

Normal pH in ABG?

A

7.35-7.45

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17
Q

Normal paCO2 in ABG?

A

35-45

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18
Q

Normal paO2 in ABG?

A

80-100

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19
Q

Normal HCO3- in ABG?

A

22-26

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20
Q

Normal SaO2 in ABG

A

95-100%

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21
Q

Normal Serum Sodium Na+ range?

A

135-145

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22
Q

Serum Sodium critical ranges?

A

Below 120, Above 160

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23
Q

Normal Serum Potassium K+ range?

A

3.5-5

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24
Q

Serum Potassium critical ranges?

A

Less than 3.0, Greater than 6.1

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25
Q

Normal Chloride Cl- range?

A

90-110

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26
Q

Chloride critical values?

A

Less than 80, Greater than 115

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27
Q

Normal CO2 in BMP range?

A

25-30

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28
Q

CO2 in BMP critical values?

A

Less than 10, Greater than 40

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29
Q

Normal BUN in BMP range?

A

10-20

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30
Q

BUN in BMP critical value?

A

Above 100

31
Q

Normal Creatinine in BMP values?

A

0.5-1.2

32
Q

Creatinine in BMP critical value?

A

Greater than 4.0

33
Q

Normal random and fasting Glucose in BMP ranges?

A

Random=less than 200; Fasting=70-110

34
Q

Glucose in BMP critical values?

A

Less than 50, Greater than 450

35
Q

Normal Calcium Ca++ BMP range?

A

9.0-10.5

36
Q

Calcium Ca++ in BMP critical ranges?

A

Less than 6.0, Greater than 13

37
Q

Draw out the CBC fishbone without numbers but with the tests.

A
38
Q

Draw out the CBC fishbone with values

A
39
Q

Fill in the blanks with just 3 letter abbreviations.

A
40
Q

Draw out the BMP fishbone without tests

A
41
Q

Draw out the BMP fishbone with test names

A
42
Q

Draw out BMP fishbone with values

A
43
Q

What are the ABG tests in “slash format”?

A
44
Q

Write out the values for ABG in “slash format”

A
45
Q

Normal MCV range?

A

80-100

46
Q

Normal MCH range?

A

27-34

47
Q

Normal MCHC range?

A

33-35

48
Q

AST:ALT>2:1 indicative of what disease?

A

indicative of alcoholic liver disease

49
Q

BUN:Cr> 10-20:1 indicatitve of what?

A

dehydration

50
Q

What is the color order for tube tops?

A
  1. Light Blue, 2. SST/Gold/Tiger, 3. Red, 4. Green, 5. Lavender/Pink
51
Q

Order of 5 colored tubes to draw

A
  1. light blue (additive is citrate for coags), 2. SST/Gold/Tiger (stimulates cell to clot and separates serum and cell), 3. Red (no additives, chemistries), 4. Green (additive is heparin, for anticoag tests and sometimes cardiac enzymes), 5. lavender/purple/pink (additive is EDTA, CBC and hematology studies)
52
Q

What is the Light Blue top additive, test, and order number?

A

1 Additive is citrate for anti-coags

53
Q

SST/Gold/Tiger additive, test, and order number?

A
  1. Stimulates cell to clot and separates serum and cell.
54
Q

What is Red Tube top additive, test, and order number?

A
  1. Red (no additives, for CBC and chemistries)
55
Q

What is Green Tube top additive, test, and order number?

A
  1. Green (heparin, for anticoag tests and sometimes cardiac enzymes)
56
Q

What is Lavender/Purple/Pink Tube top additive, test, and order number?

A
  1. Lavender/Purple/Pink (additive is EDTA, CBC and hematology studies like ESR)
57
Q

What is the difference between Serum and Plasma? (Hint: what does Plasma have that Serum doesn’t and color?)

A

Plasma=Has clotting factors, cloudy.

Serum=No clotting factors, clear.

58
Q

What is “Type and Screen”?

A

Looks at PT’s cells (Type) and serum (Screen). ABO and Rh on cell for Type. Antibody screen for antibodies in serum for Screen.

59
Q

What is Crossmatch?

A

Done outside body before transfuse. Mixing donor blood with PT’s serum to check for antibodies in recipient’s and seeing if they clot.

60
Q

Which color top for CBCs? What additive?

A

Lavender/Purple/Pink (additive is EDTA, CBC and hematology studies)

61
Q

MCV (mean corpuscular volume) determine what about the RBC and anemia?

A

Size of cell. Anemia by size.

62
Q

What are the three MCV size terms and values?

A

Normocytic = MCV 80-100

Macrocytic = MCV >100

Microcytic = MCV <80

63
Q

What is MCH – mean corpuscular hemoglobin

A

Average content of Hgb per RBC

64
Q

MCHC – mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

A

Mean content of total Hgb. Looks at color.
Low MCHC = hypochromic
High MCHC = hyperchromic

65
Q

What is the Anion Gap formula?

A

(Na + K)-(Cl + HCO3). Reference range=3-11

66
Q

RBC 3.3, Hgb 9, Hct 27, MCH 22.6, MCHC 31.4, MCV 69.7, WBC 4.5

A

Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia. Microcytic as MCV 69.7 is microcytic (80-100), Hypochromic as MCH 22.5 (27-34) and MCHC 31.4 (33-35), RBC is anemic 3.3 (4-5.5).

67
Q

RBC 2.9, Hgb 10.6, Hct 31.6, MCH 35.0, MCHC 33.7, MCV 117.6, WBC 3.5

A

Macrocytic Normochromic Anemia. Macrocytic as MCV 117.6 (80-100), Normochromic as MCH 35.0 (27-34) and MCHC 33.7 (33-35), Anemic as RBC 2.9 (4-5.5)

68
Q

RBC 2.9, Hgb 9.2, Hct 27.8, MCH 28.0, MCHC 34.7, MCV 87.6, WBC 4.5

A

Normochromic Normocytic Anemia. Normochromic MCH 28.0 (27-34) and MCHC 34.7 (33-35), Normocytic MCV 87.6 (80-100), Anemic as RBC 2.9 (4-5.5).

69
Q

RBC 2.9, Hgb 9.2, Hct 27.8, MCH 28.0, MCHC 34.7, MCV 87.6, WBC 3.1, Plts 88

A

Pancytopenia, low WBC, low RBC, low Ptl.

70
Q

RBC 4.5, Hgb 14.0, Hct 42.2, MCH 29.6, MCHC 34.8, MCV 90.2, WBC 16.5 Neutrophils 75%, Lymphocytes 19%, Monocytes 5%, Eosinophils 1%, Basophils 0%

A

Neutrophil line is elevated. Bacterial infection.

71
Q

RBC 4.5, Hgb 14.0, Hct 42.2, MCH 29.6, MCHC 34.8, MCV 90.2, WBC 13.1, Neutrophils 53%, Lymphocytes 38%, Monocytes 7%, Eosinophils 2%, Basophils 0%

A

WBC is high. Diff is elevated. Lymphocytes are elevated=viral

72
Q

RBC 4.5, Hgb 14.0, Hct 42.2, MCH 29.6, MCHC 34.8, MCV 90.2, WBC 13.1, Neutrophils 53%, Lymphocytes 25%, Monocytes 7%, Eosinophils 15%, Basophils 0%

A

Increased Eosinophil. Parasitic or allergic.

73
Q

What might the CBC of a dehydrated PT look like?

A

Decrease plasma. Falsely elevated RBC and H and H.

74
Q

What three values are low in Pancytopenia?

A

Low RBC, low WBC, low Ptl. Consider a bone marrow test.

Diagnostic Methods - Medical Lab (6 decks)

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