Immunohematology/Blood Bank Flashcards
What color top is used in a blood bank specimen?
Pink with EDTA. Like lavender but bigger and specific for blood bank.
What is “Type and Screen”?
Looks at PT’s cells (Type) and serum (Screen). ABO and Rh on cell for Type. Antibody screen for antibodies in serum for Screen.
What is Crossmatch?
Done outside body before transfuse. Mixing donor blood with PT’s serum and seeing if they clot. If clot don’t transfuse!
Type and Cross Match includes what?
Includes Screening from “Type and Screen”.
Which are the RBC antigens?
A, B, AB, O, Rh, and some others
What does “Type” look at?
Antigens on the RBC’s cell surface
What does “Screen” look at?
Antibodies in PT’s serum.
What does a Crossmatch look at?
Mixture of donor’s and PT’s blood before being transfused. Looking for clumping. If clump then not a match.
What is Coombs Test?
Looks for RBCs that are coated with antibodies which are called “sensitized” RBCs
What is the blood called when someone donates a liter of their own blood?
Whole Blood. Contains everything.
What is “apheresis”?
Blood taken out, blood separated out, and what don’t want put back into PT. Often done to get platelets.
What is “white blood cell febrile reaction”?
Common blood transfusion reaction. When some WBCs are in the packed RBCs and causes a low grade fever.
What is the volume of whole blood that is transfused?
500mL
What is the volume and contents of “Packed Red Blood Cells”?
300mL of just RBCs
Fresh Frozen Plasma is given when what values are elevated or when you can’t wait for which Vitamin?
Give for elevated PT/PTT to correct. Also given for elevated INR when need to immediately correct and can’t wait for Vit K.
For every 1 unit of PRBC Hgb and Hct goes up by what percent?
Hgb goes up by 1, Hct up by 3%.
If you give 1 unit of PRBCs and the Hgb and Hct don’t raise by the expected levels what might be going on?
If not going up then some ongoing loss, usually bleeding. Could also be hemolysis.
Component of blood is used in “universal donor”?
RBCs only.
Who are the Universal Donors and Universal Receivers of RBC blood?
Donor is O-. Receiver is AB+.
Why is O- the “Universal Donor” for RBCs?
O- has no antigens on RBC cell surface. Can donate RBCs to anyone and their antibodies won’t react.
Who is the RBC “universal receiver”
AB+. it’s great to be AB+ as can get from everyone.
What are the donor and receiver rules for RBCs and FFP?
FFP has opposite rules of RBC. AB+ is universal donor for FFP. O- universal receiver for FFP. Due to antibodies in serum.
What does Anemia cause symptoms?
Due to decreased oxygen carrying capacity to tissues
What are some major symptoms of anemia that might require transfusion?
Syncope, Dyspnea (SOB), Chest Pain/MI
