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Diagnostic Methods - Medical Lab > Hematology (CBC, bone marrow, reticulocyte, ESR, flow cytometry, anemia, coagulation) > Flashcards

Hematology (CBC, bone marrow, reticulocyte, ESR, flow cytometry, anemia, coagulation) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the type of blood drawn for a CBC?

A

Venous blood

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2
Q

What tube top is used for a CBC? What does it contain?

A

Lavender. Contains EDTA to prevent coagulation.

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3
Q

What is the threshold for obtaining a CBC?

A

Very low. Anything from fever to fatigue.

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4
Q

What are the four tests on the CBC fishbone?

A

WBC, Hgb, Hct, Plts (Left, top, bottom, right)

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5
Q

Hct is how many times Hgb?

A

3 times

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6
Q

What is MCV?

A

Mean Corpusular Volume. Size of RBC.

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7
Q

What is MCH?

A

Mean Corpusular Hemoglobin. Average Hgb in a RBC. Relates to color.

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8
Q

What is MCHC?

A

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration. Mean content of total Hgb. Relates to color.

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9
Q

What is RDW?

A

Red Cell Distribution Width. Variation in size of RBCs.

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10
Q

What is MPV?

A

Mean Platelet Volume. Average volume (size) of platelets.

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11
Q

Normal Hgb range in male and females?

A

Male=14-18. Female=12-16

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12
Q

Normal Hct range in males and females?

A

Male=42-40%. Female=36-44%

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13
Q

Normal RBC range in males and females?

A

Males=4.5-5.9 E6; Females=4.0-5.1 E6 µL

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14
Q

Why do women how lower average blood indicies than men?

A

Menstural cycles

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15
Q

What is the MVC range for both men and women? (Hint: Same in both)

A

80-100 fL

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16
Q

Normal RBC value? (for our exam)

A

4.0 - 5.5 E6/µL

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17
Q

Normal Hemoglobin Hgb range? (for our exam)

A

12-15 g/dL

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18
Q

Normal Hct % value? (for our exam)

A

36-45%

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19
Q

Normal WBC range? (for our exam)

A

5000 to 10,000/µL

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20
Q

Normal Platelet (Plts) range? (for our exam)

A

150,000 to 400,000/µL

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21
Q

What are the five WBCs on a CBC differential?

A

Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Bananas

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22
Q

What is the saying to remember the five types of WBCs and the order they are found in?

A

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas (Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils).

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23
Q

What is the normal Neutrophil percent and absolute value range? (Don’t need to memorize for test.)

A

54-62%, 2500-7500

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24
Q

What is the normal Lymphocyte percent and absolute value range? (Don’t need to memorize for test.)

A

25-33%, 1500-3500

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25
Q

What is the normal Monocyte percent and absolute value range? (Don’t need to memorize for test.)

A

3-7%, 200-800

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26
Q

What is the normal Eosinphil percent and absolute value range? (Don’t need to memorize for test.)

A

1-3%, 60-600

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27
Q

What is the normal Basophil percent and absolute value range? (Don’t need to memorize for test.)

A

Less than 1%, less than 100

28
Q

What is the range for Mild Neutropenia? (Need to know for test!)

A

ANC greater than 1000 and less than 1500

29
Q

What is the range for Moderate Neutropenia? (Need to know for test!)

A

ANC greater than 500, less than 1000

30
Q

What is the value for Severe Neutropenia? (Need to know for test!)

A

Less than 500. Requires reverse precaution to protect them from the world like a helicopter parent.

31
Q

Neutrophils relate to what type of infection?

A

Bacterial

32
Q

What does Normocytic mean for erythrocyte cell size?

A

6-9 µm

33
Q

Define Anisocytosis of erythrocytes

A

Variation in cell size

34
Q

What is a Microcytic erythrocyte?

A

Erythrocyte cell smaller than 5µm

35
Q

What is a Macrocytic erythrocyte?

A

Erythrocyte larger than 10µm

36
Q

What is the cytic cell size test and values?

A

MCV (80-100)

37
Q

What are the chromic color tests and values?

A

Normochromic MCH (27-34) and MCHC (33-35)

38
Q

What does CBC stand for?

A

Complete Blood Count

39
Q

What are the four terms to describe hemoglobin color?

A

Normochromic (normal), Anisochromic (variation in color), Hypochromic (decreased color), Hyperchromic (increased color)

40
Q

Target RBCs are seen in _____ while fragments of RBCs are seem when a patient has a ____

A

Targets in alcoholics; artificial valve shearing RBCs

41
Q

When does an RBC have a nucleus and when doesn’t it?

A

Has nucleus while in bone marrow, not in peripheral circulation

42
Q

What is one reason to order a CBC with manual diff?

A

Malaria. Need to count cells very carefully.

43
Q

RBC 3.3, Hgb 9, Hct 27, MCH 22.6, MCHC 31.4, MCV 69.7, WBC 4.5

A

Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia. Microcytic as MCV 69.7 is microcytic (80-100), Hypochromic as MCH 22.5 (27-34) and MCHC 31.4 (33-35), RBC is anemic 3.3 (4-5.5).

44
Q

RBC 2.9, Hgb 10.6, Hct 31.6, MCH 35.0, MCHC 33.7, MCV 117.6, WBC 3.5

A

Macrocytic Normochromic Anemia. Macrocytic as MCV 117.6 (80-100), Normochromic as MCH 35.0 (27-34) and MCHC 33.7 (33-35), Anemic as RBC 2.9 (4-5.5)

45
Q

RBC 2.9, Hgb 9.2, Hct 27.8, MCH 28.0, MCHC 34.7, MCV 87.6, WBC 4.5

A

Normochromic Normocytic Anemia. Normochromic MCH 28.0 (27-34) and MCHC 34.7 (33-35), Normocytic MCV 87.6 (80-100), Anemic as RBC 2.9 (4-5.5).

46
Q

RBC 2.9, Hgb 9.2, Hct 27.8, MCH 28.0, MCHC 34.7, MCV 87.6, WBC 3.1, Plts 88

A

Pancytopenia, low WBC, low RBC, low Ptl.

47
Q

RBC 4.5, Hgb 14.0, Hct 42.2, MCH 29.6, MCHC 34.8, MCV 90.2, WBC 16.5 Neutrophils 75%, Lymphocytes 19%, Monocytes 5%, Eosinophils 1%, Basophils 0%

A

Neutrophil line is elevated. Bacterial infection.

48
Q

RBC 4.5, Hgb 14.0, Hct 42.2, MCH 29.6, MCHC 34.8, MCV 90.2, WBC 13.1, Neutrophils 53%, Lymphocytes 38%, Monocytes 7%, Eosinophils 2%, Basophils 0%

A

WBC is high. Diff is elevated. Lymphocytes are elevated=viral

49
Q

RBC 4.5, Hgb 14.0, Hct 42.2, MCH 29.6, MCHC 34.8, MCV 90.2, WBC 13.1, Neutrophils 53%, Lymphocytes 25%, Monocytes 7%, Eosinophils 15%, Basophils 0%

A

Increased Eosinophil. Parasitic or allergic.

50
Q

What might the CBC of a dehydrated PT look like?

A

Decrease plasma. Falsely elevated RBC and H&H.

51
Q

What would the CBC look like in a PT who was dehydrated but received IV fluids?

A

Normalize and drop in RBC and H&H back to normal.

52
Q

What three values are low in Pancytopenia?

A

Low RBC, low WBC, low Ptl. Consider a bone marrow test.

53
Q

What does a CBC evaluate?

A

Blood Cells in body (RBCs, WBCs)

54
Q

What is a major reason to do a bone marrow biopsy?

A

Pancytopenia (low WBC, low RBC, low Ptl)

55
Q

What are two absolute contradictions for a bone marrow biopsy?

A

Hemophilia, severe DIC

56
Q

What is most common site for bone marrow aspiration?

A

Posterior Superior Iliac Crest (PSIC)

57
Q

What is a “Dry Tap” in bone marrow aspiration?

A

No sample obtained

58
Q

What is the Buffy Coat?

A

White blood cells

59
Q

What is a Reticulocyte?

A

Immature RBC still has nucleus

60
Q

What is the normal Reticulocyte Index Range? (Know for exam!)

A

2.0-3.0

61
Q

What can RPI compensate for?

A

Anemia

62
Q

What is an ESR test stand for?

A

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

63
Q

What does ESR measure?

A

Inflammation

64
Q

Is ESR specific or non-specific?

A

Non-specific. Doesn’t tell you what is causing inflammation, only that inflammation is present.

65
Q

What color top for ESR?

A

Purple

66
Q

How is ESR measured?

A

In Purple Top and count number of RBCs that settle after 1 hour

67
Q

What does Hemoglobin Electrophoresis use to check Hgb and what disease is it good at diagnosing?

A

Electric current that has proteins travel and settle into bands. Can check globin chains. Good for sickle cell disease and similar.

Diagnostic Methods - Medical Lab (6 decks)

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