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Adult Perspectives > Lab Values > Flashcards

Lab Values Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 commonly ordered tests

A

• CBC (complete blood count) • BMP (basic metabolic panel) • Cardiac Enzymes test • Coagulation tests (PTT and INR)

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2
Q

Key components of CBC (Complete blood count) are:

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit

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3
Q

Low red blood cell levels indicate ____ , high levels indicate _______or ____

A

anemia

dehydration or bleeding

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4
Q

High white blood cell levels indicate ____ or _____

A

Infection or

immune disorder

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5
Q

Platelets are ____ factors,

A

clotting

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6
Q

Low platelet levels indicate ___ disorder, high levels increase risk of ____

A

bleeding

clots

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7
Q

Hemoglobin carries ____ in the blood, low levels results in _____

A

Oxygen

anemia

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8
Q

Hematocrit – how much space ___ take up in blood.

A

RBCs

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9
Q

High hematocrit levels indicate ____, low levels indicate ___

A

dehydration

anemia

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10
Q

The BMP tests for what four things?

A
  • Glucose
  • Calcium
  • Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, CO2 chloride)
  • Kidney function (BUN and creatinine)
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11
Q

The basic metabolic panel (BMP) looks at different chemicals in the ____

A

blood plasma.

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12
Q

Extremely low blood sugar is below ____

Extremely high blood sugar is over ___

A

70

350

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13
Q

Calcium is an important ion for ___ function, ___ function, and ___ function.

A

Bone, kidney, thyroid

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14
Q

Abnormal calcium levels are associated with ___

A

cancer

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15
Q

Hypercalcemia (high levels of calcium) can indicate ___ or ____

A

hyperparathyroidism or bone cancer

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16
Q

Hypocalcemia (low levels of calcium) can indicate which four diseases?

A

Liver disease (alcoholism,) hypoparathyroidism, pancreatitis, and renal failure.

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17
Q

Hypernatremia, or high sodium, is a sodium level over __

A

140

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18
Q

Hyponatremia, or low sodium, is a sodium level under ___

A

120

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19
Q

Hypernatremia, or high sodium usually results from ___ or sometimes _____

A

dehydration or

sometimes diabetes insipidus

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20
Q

Hyponatremia, or low sodium, indicates what 6 things?

A

diarrhea, kidney disease, Addison

disease, heart failure (fluid overload), cirrhosis, or malnutrition

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21
Q

• Hypokalemia – low potassium (<3.0) can occur with diarrhea, Tylenol
overdose, or excess urination due to diuretic medication

A

potassium

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22
Q

Potassium levels should be between __ and ___

A

3 and 5

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23
Q

Hyperkalemia can result from?

A

kidney disease, Addison

disease, diabetes, dehydration, infection, and injuries to tissue

24
Q

Hypokalemia can occur with?

A

diarrhea, Tylenol

overdose, or excess urination due to diuretic medication

25
Q

High CO2 levels can indicate

A 
lung disease (COPD), metabolic alkalosis
(high pH), and certain syndromes
26
Q

Low CO2 levels can indicate

A

shock, Addison disease, metabolic acidosis
(low pH), kidney disease, methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning,
kidney disease, or diabetic ketoacidosis

27
Q

High chloride levels can indicate

-

A

dehydration, Cushing syndrome, or

kidney disease and metabolic acidosis

28
Q

Low chloride levels can indicate

A

CHF, emphysema and chronic lung

disease, Addison disease, and metabolic alkalosis

29
Q

Blood urea nitrogen is used to identify

A

acute or chronic kidney

disease

30
Q

High blood urea nitrogen levels are associated with? (4 things)

A

congestive heart failure, shock, heart attack,

and dehydration.

31
Q

BNP elevation is also present with excess ____ breakdown

A

protein breakdown

32
Q

Excess protein breakdown is also called?

A

Rhabdomyolysis

33
Q

Low BUN levels are associated with severe ____, but low BUN is uncommon

A

severe liver disease

34
Q

Elevated creatinine levels indicate ___ injury due to infection,
autoimmune disease, toxicity, prostate disease, dehydration, septic
shock, CHF, or diabetes.

A

kidney

35
Q

Low creatinine levels are not ____

A

significant.

36
Q

The BMP measures certain cardiac enzymes including (name two) include: •
•

A

Creatine kinase

Troponins

37
Q

Creatine Kinase is a blood product released when

A

heart muscle is

damaged

38
Q

Troponins- protein involved in

A

muscle contraction

39
Q

High troponin levels indicate

A

heart muscle damage

40
Q

High levels of creatine or “positive” troponins indicate the presence of a

A

heart attack.

41
Q

If a client has high cardiac enzyme levels, hold treatment unless.

A

They are cleared by the physician.

42
Q

In most circumstances, if a client has high cardiac enzyme levels, it is generally OK to

A

treat if they are

trending down.

43
Q

INR is a chemical marker associated with the use of .

• H

A

coumadin (warfarin)

44
Q

High INR levels indicate ___ risk, and low levels indicate increased risk for ____

A

Bleeding risk, low levels indicate

increased risk for blood clots

45
Q

PTT is a chemical marker associated with the use of

A

heparin.

46
Q

High PTT levels indicate ___, low levels indicate increased risk for ___

A

bleeding risk

blood clots

47
Q

____ is a chemical released when heart muscle is stretched.

A

Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)

48
Q

High levels of BNP (>___ pg/ml) are an indicator of
congestive heart failure (CHF). Levels above___ pg/ml indicate severe
heart failure.

A

300

900

49
Q

Patients in severe heart failure should be monitored for symptoms of (4 things)

A

shortness of breath, low blood pressure, swelling of the legs, and
dizziness.

50
Q

Treatment should be held for any lab value labeled as a ___ or ____lab
unless treatment is specifically ordered by the physician after they have been
made aware of the abnormal result. (This varies by the physician- always
follow the protocol for that facility!).

A

critical or panic

51
Q

Therapy is also held for any ___ radiology procedures (MRI, CT, ABG’s,
Ultrasound, EKG).

A

STAT

52
Q

Therapy should be held for potassium levels less than __ or greater than ___

A

3

5

53
Q

Therapy should be held for hemoglobin below __ or hematocrit below ___

A

8

24

54
Q

• Blood sugar less than __ may cause patients to become unresponsive.
If they regain consciousness quickly, their symptoms are usually
relieved by giving them a snack (OJ, peanut butter crackers) and
waiting a few minutes for their sugar to come back to a safe range.
Hold if blood sugar is above ___ .

A

70

350

55
Q

Which abnormal lab value is associated with Severe anemia and increase risk of dizziness, falls, and
fatigue or muscle cramping and soreness due to decreased oxygenation of tissues.

A

Hemoglobin below 8 and hematocrit below 24

56
Q

Therapy should be held for sodium less than ___ and greater than ___

A

120

140

57
Q

Therapy should be held for INR greater than __ or PTT greater than ___. This indicates excessive
risk of bleeding due to very thin blood serum

A

4.0

120

Adult Perspectives (15 decks)

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