Cardiac Diseases Flashcards
_____ is the
leading cause of death
in the United States.
Heart disease
Chronic lower
respiratory disease is the
____ leading killer of
Americans.
third
Heart disease may be due to _______________________________,
Blockage of the coronary arteries
Heart disease can be caused by diseases of the ________________, or ________________
of the heart
Heart muscle or structural abnormalities
- Types of heart disease
- ________________and ________________________________
- ________________________________
- ________________ heart failure
Angina pectoris, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy
Not controllable risk factors for heart disease
1) Age
2) Family history
3) Gender
Controllable risk factors for heart disease
4) Smoking
5) Hyperlipidemia
6) Hypertension
7) Sedentary lifestyle
8) Obesity
9) Diabetes
10) Stress
11) Alcohol
Primary intervention for heart disease
•
Health fairs and lecture
series
Inadequate blood supply to heart
muscle=________________ from coronary artery disease
Ischemia
Secondary intervention for heart disease
• Efforts to stop or slow
progression
• Improving individual’s
risk factor profile
Symptoms of angina pectoris?
How is it relieved?
Chest pain, discomfort, pressure
• Symptoms typically with increased activity
• Can also occur after heavy meal, while resting
• Relieved with rest, nitroglycerin (pills or spray)
Myocardial infarction is ___ of the heart muscle
Death
Symptoms of heart attack
Chest pain, pain in jaw, arm, or teeth, dizziness,
nausea. shortness of breath, sweating, fatigue
Echocardiogram (ECG) description
Creates picture of the heart and looks at the structure of the heart and blood vessels via ultrasound
Electrocardiogram (EKG) description
Stickers with leads are placed on patient. Measures electrical activity and efficiency within the heart
P wave=
Atrial contraction (depolarization
QRS=
Ventricles depolarize then contract (Ventricular systole)
T=
Ventricles repolarize (relax,) heart is at rest.
ST segment elevation could indicate
Acute injury
T wave inversion could indicate
Ischemia
A non-STEMI (ST elevation myocardial infarction) is usually caused by a ____________________
artery but the artery is usually not completely blocked.
Severely narrowed
NSTEMI account for about ___ and STEMI about ___ of all heart attacks (myocardial infarction).
30%
70%
A STEMI or ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (heart
attack) is caused by a ________________ _______(100%) blockage of a coronary artery.
Sudden complete
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a ___ condition caused by an _____
chronic
Ineffective pump