Lab values

Question 1

RBC normal

Answer 1

4.5 - 6 x 10(9)

Question 2

hemoglobin normal

Answer 2

12 - 18 g/dL

Question 3

hematocrit normal

Answer 3

37% - 50% (about 3x hemoglobin)

Question 4

WBC normal

Answer 4

5,000 - 10,000/mm3 OR 5-10 x 10(9)/L

after MI - 10,000 - 20,000 (inflammatory response)

Question 5

platelets normal

Answer 5

150,000 - 400,000/mm3 (140-400)

Question 6

glucose (fasting) normal

Answer 6

70 - 105 mg/dL

Question 7

sodium normal

Answer 7

135 - 145 mEq/L

Question 8

potassium normal

Answer 8

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

Question 9

magnesium normal

Answer 9

1.6 - 2.1 mEq/L

Question 10

albumin normal

Answer 10

3.4 - 5.0 g/dL

Question 11

PTT

antidote

Answer 11

60-70 sec

protamate sulfate

Question 12

PT

antidote

Answer 12

12 - 15 sec

vitamin K

Question 13

osmolality - serum

Answer 13

270 - 300 mOsm/L

Question 14

osmolality - urine

Answer 14

300-900 mOsm/L

Question 15

vancomycin - when do you check peak trough?

Answer 15

peak - draw 2 hours after giving 3rd dose

trough - draw just before administering 4th dose

Question 16

creatinine

Answer 16

0.6 - 1.2 mg/Dl

Question 17

normal INR

Answer 17

< 1.1

Question 18

INR on warfarin

Answer 18

2.0 - 3.0 (therapeutic range)

Question 19

normal BUN

Answer 19

7-20

Question 20

Pa CO2 in blood

Answer 20

35-45

Question 21

HCO3 in blood

Answer 21

22-26

Question 22

normal Ca2+

Answer 22

9.0 - 10.5 mg/dL

Question 23

LDL

Answer 23

bad: high levels assoc. w/CAD
optimal: < 130 mg/dL

Question 24

HDL

Answer 24

good: high levels protect heart
optimal: > 40 mg/dL

Question 25

triglycerides

Answer 25

produced in liver & transported by LDL

desirable: < 150 mg/dL
- the lower the better

Question 26

total cholesterol

Answer 26

desirable: 140 - 199 mg/dL
high: > 240 mg/dL

Question 27

homocysteine

Answer 27

amino acid found in blood: produced when proteins break down; eating meat

• high levels = increased rise for CAD, CVD, & PVD
  normal: 4 - 14 umol/L

Question 28

brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

Answer 28

• hormone produced by heart ventricles
• high levels indicate diff degrees of CHF
  normal < 100 ng/L

Question 29

troponin I

Answer 29

increase indicates cardiac muscle injury

normal: < 0.2 ng/mL
critical: > 1.5 ng/mL

Increases w/in 3 hours after MI
May remain increased for 7-14 days after

Question 30

Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK)
CPK-MB

Answer 30

cardiac muscle indicator
Increases: in 3-6 hours
Peaks: in 12 - 24 hours
Returns to normal: 12 - 48 hours

Question 31

myoglobin

Answer 31

protein in cardiac  and skeletal muscle
increases w/damage to either
normal: < 90 mcg/L
increases: 2 hours after damage
returns to normal: approx. 7-24 hours

Question 32

lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)
LDH-1 (heart, RBCs)
LDH-2 (kidney, heart, lung)

Answer 32

normal: 100-190 u/L
normally LDH-2 > LDH-1
w/MI: LDH 1 > LDH-2 = “flipped ratio”

increases: 24-48 hours after MI
peaks: 2-3 days
returns to normal: 5-10 days

Question 33

pulse pressure

Answer 33

systolic - diastolic

• indirect measurement of cardiac output
• “narrowed” (< 30 difference) –> incr peripheral vascular pressure
• “widened” (>40 diffrence) -

Question 34

MAP

Answer 34

systolic + 2 (diastolic) / 3 = degree of perfusion

normal: 70-105 mmHg

Question 35

D5W

1. how many Kcal?
2. iso/hyper/hypo-tonic?

Answer 35

3.4 Kcal/gm

hypotonic - used to increase volume.

Question 36

when give sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)?

Answer 36

1. only for metabolic acidosis (never for respiratory acidosis)
2. pH < 7.2
3. HCO3 < 10 mEq/L or less

Question 37

osmolality formula

Answer 37

2Na + BUN/3 + Glucose/18

Question 38

digoxin - therapeutic levels

Answer 38

0.6 - 1.0
(1.2 is toxic)
(low K+ gives higher risk for dig toxicity)