Lab Values Flashcards

Question

GLU

Answer 1

60-110 mg/dL primary source of energy glucose regulated by insulin from pancreas

Answer 2

0.4-0.5 mmol/L predominant ketone body at onset of DKA allows earlier identification of DKA

Answer 3

1.5-2.5 mEq/L found 50% inn bone and/or 45% intracellular low Mg is usually seen with deficits in Ca and/or K

Answer 4

>2.5 mEq/L usually cleared by kidneys; seen in renal failure. Loss of deep tendon reflexes

Answer 5

<1.5 mEq/L associated with hypokalemia or hypocalcemia causes neuromuscular irritability and mood changes. Mg loss in ICU patients... ...Urine loss, GI loss, Meds (abx), nutrition, stress response

Answer 6

3-4.5 mEq/L provides mineral strength to bones strong relationships between P and Ca High P+ likely means low Ca level, vice versa Causes tetany, sz, hypotension

Answer 7

8.8-10.2 mg/dL essential for blood coagulation, endocrine and neurological functions parathyroid, thyroid, and vit D influence Ca values kidney disease will cause reduction in Ca++ reciprocal relationship with P+ (high Ca = low P, vice versa. Pts w/kidney disease always have lower Ca

Answer 8

>10.2 mg/dL paresthesia, weakness pancreatitis arrhythmias, shortened QT hypotension confusion

Answer 9

<8.8mg/dL numbness in perioral area hypotension coarse, brittle hair seizures numbness in fingers and toes muscle cramps dysphagia Low Ca++ = elevated P+ and vice versa

Answer 10

Indication of low Ca++ touching side of cheek draws cheek/lip up.

Answer 11

indication of low Ca++ sign of muscular excitability inflated BP cuff causes flexion of hand towards forearm

Answer 12

WBC Hgb Hct Plt RBCs

Answer 13

M: 4.7-6.1 million/mcL F: 4.2-5.4 million/mcL Decreases can be due to iron deficiency, blood loss, bone marrow suppression Increases can be due to high altitude, compensation for hypoxia (ie sleep apnea), dehydration, medications

Answer 14

M: 14-18 g/dL F: 12-16 g/dL Oxygen carrying capacity of RBCs Carries CO2 back to the lungs as carboxyhemoglobin Transfusion <7g/dL 1 unit increases hgb by 1g/dL

Answer 15

M: 42-52% F: 37-47% Percent of volume made up of RBCs Normal range is 3x greater than Hgb 1 unit increases hct by about 3%

Answer 16

M: <42% F: <37% Low in anemia, SIADH (not diuresing), overhydration (higher volume w/same RBCs)

Answer 17

M: >52% F: >47% Higher concentration of RBCs due to less volume. Dehydration, polycythemia (more RTBC production...ie COPD)

Answer 18

measure characteristics of erythrocyte (RBC). Used to dx anemia 1. mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 2. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) 3. Red cell distribution width (RDW)

Answer 19

80-95 fL measurement of average size/volume of RBC high MCV = larger than normal RBC (b12 or folate deficiency low MCV = iron deficiency

Answer 20

23-31 pg amount of Hgb per RBC average weight of Hgb in RBCs high MCH: liver disease, hypothyroid, etoh abuse low MCH: iron deficiency, lead poisoning, CKD

Answer 21

11-15% Measurement of variation in size of RBCs Most issues are caused by greater RBC width

Answer 22

150-400 mcL formed in bone marrow essential for clotting

Answer 23

>400/mcL (High platelet count) anemia polycythemia (high RBC in relation to volume) Inflammatory disorders

Answer 24

<150/mcL (low platelet count) DIC (clotting disorder - too much clotting) Heparin induced thrombocytopenia sepsis bone marrow failure, cancers certain viruses (hantavirus)

Answer 25

4,500-11,000 cells/mcL Responds to an inflammatory process. Elevated in infections, inflammation, stress Decreased in cancer, bone marrow damage, HIV, hepatitis, malnutrition, dehydration. When abnormal, the differential count is utilized to measure which types of WBC is affected. Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas Never - Neutrophils Let - Lymphocytes Monkeys - monocytes Eat - eosinophils Bananas - basophils

Answer 26

45-75% (segs) specific to bacterial and fungal infections

Answer 27

18-45% specific to viral illnesses regulate T and B cells

Answer 28

1-10% clean-up (phagocytosis)

Answer 29

0-7% allergic reaction, parasites

Answer 30

0-2% inflammatory response marker

Answer 31

PT PTT INR Ammonia

Answer 32

0.8-1.2 (international normalized ratio) Measurement of how long it takes blood to clot compared to a standard rate. Often used to monitor effects of blood thinners like Coumadin. Elevated INR = blood clots more slowly

Answer 33

10-13 seconds Prothrombin time Measures the time it takes for plasma (liquid part of blood) to clot. Used in combination with INR, which standardizes the PT results, allowing for consistent interpretation.

Answer 34

25-35 seconds Partial prothrombin time Often specific to pts on heparin Tool in dx and monitoring clotting, bleeding disorders, or heparin therapy Normally drawn with abnormal bleeding, chest pain, liver disease, suspected PE

Answer 35

275-295 mOsm/kg Amt of solute in serum part of blood Body regulates osmolality by withholding or secreting ADH More cellularly hydrated, the lower the # High: concentrated state (diabetes insipidus...lack of ADH...lots of urination) Low: diluted stater (SIADH - lots of ADH...holding onto volume/urine)

Answer 36

1.005-1.030 measurement of concentration of urine. ratio of urine density and water density low number = more diluted urine high umber = more concentrated urine

Answer 37

>1.030 concentrated urine state SIADH. ADH overstimulated, holding onto fluid (urine). Lots of fluid vs solute. Dehydration...causes include vom/diarrhea ***SIADH: low serum os but high specific grav***

Answer 38

<1.005 Decreased USG is dilute - closer to water. diabetes insipidus Less release of ADH = lots of peeing. Urine is diluted but cells are dry so serum os is high. Specific gravity is low.

Answer 39

<0.04 ng/mL Protein that is essential for muscle contraction. Binding site for calcium Troponin levels start rising 3-4 hrs after myocardial injury. Peak around 12 hrs.

Answer 40

0-0.3ng/mL Creatine kinase - muscle brain Found in cardiac muscle and some skeletal muscle (can be elevated in both cardiac and skeletal muscle damage) Compare to total CK.

Answer 41

>0.3 ng/mL if CK-MB to CK ratio is >2.5-3, likely indicates cardiac damage.

Answer 42

<100pg/mL NT-proB-type natriuretic peptide Secreted by cardiomyocytes based on ventricular stretch. Used as a marker in CHF patients. <125 for 0-74 yrs old <450 for 75-99 yrs old

Answer 43

0.4-0.5 mmol/L predominant ketone body at ONSET of DKA allows earlier identification of DKA

Answer 44

1.5-2.5 mEq/L Essential to bone health. Found 50% in bone and/or 45% intracellular Low Mg++ usually seen w/deficits in Ca and/or K.

Answer 45

>2.5 mEq/L Usually cleared in kidneys. High Mg usually seen in renal failure. Sx: Loss of Deep tendon reflexes.

Answer 46

<1.5 mEq/L Seen in 50% of ICU patientns Associated with low Ca and low K Causes neuromuscular irritability and mood changes. Mg loss in ICU patients... 1. urine loss 2. GI loss 3. Medications (abx) 4. Nutritionn 5. Stress response

Answer 47

3-4.5 mEq/L Provides mineral strength to the bone Strong relationship between P+ and Ca++

Answer 48

>4.5 mEq/L Acidotic states. High P+ = Low Ca, vice versa Sx: tetany, seizures, and/or hypotension

Answer 49

Antidiuretic hormone Secreted by posterior pituitary Release of ADH = reabsorption of water in kidneys.

Answer 50

Less release of ADH... ...Kidneys don't reabsorb water Lots of urination (peeing out dilute urine) S/S of dehydration. Decreased: ...urine specific gravity ...urine osmolality ...urine sodium levels Increased: ...BLOOD (serum) osmolality ...BLOOD sodium levels

Answer 51

...excess release of ADH... kidneys increase reabsorption of water S/S: small amts of concentrated urine fluid volume excess: crackles, JVD, weight gain, HTN, tachycardia Dilutional hyponatremia - confusion, sz. Increased: (concentrated urine) ...urine specific gravity ...urine osmolality ...urine sodium levels Decreased: (diluted blood) blood (serum) osmolality blood sodium levels