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NCLEX > Lab Values > Flashcards

Lab Values Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of lab tests?

A
  • Complete blood count (CBC)
  • coagulation panel (COAGS)
  • lipid profile
  • thyroid panel
  • basic metabolic panel (BMP)
  • Complete metabolic panel (CMP)
  • liver function test (LFT)
  • pancreatic enzymes
  • arterial blood gas (ABG)
  • cardiac
  • urine studies
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2
Q

what is the range for hemoglobin

A

male: 140-180 mmol/L (14-18 g/dL)
female: 120-160 mmol/L (12-16 g/dL)

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3
Q

what is the range for hematocrit

A

male: 0.42-0.52 mmol/L (42-52%)
female: 0.37-0.47 mmol/L (37-47%)

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4
Q

what is the range for WBC

A

5-10 mm3 (5000 - 10000)

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5
Q

what is the range for PLT

A

150-400 mm3

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6
Q

Which lab value is measured when a patient is taking heparin?

A

PTT

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7
Q

Which lab values are measured when a patient is taking warfarin?

A

INR + PT

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8
Q

What is included in a CBC

A
  • hemoglobin (Hgb)
  • hematocrit (Hct)
  • WBC
  • RBC
  • PLT
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9
Q

What is included in a Coagulation Panel

A
  • Prothrombin time (PT)
  • international normalized ratio (INR)
  • partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
  • activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
  • D-Dimer
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10
Q

Which coag panel tests intrinsic coagulation cascade

A

PTT

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11
Q

Which coag panel tests extrinsic coagulation cascade

A

PT + INR

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12
Q

What is the range for PTT + aPTT

A

20-30 sec + 30-40 sec

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13
Q

what is the therapeutic range of aPTT for someone on heparin

A

1.5-2.5x normal (45-75 sec)

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14
Q

What is the range for PT

A

10-12 seconds

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15
Q

What is the therapeutic range of PT for someone on warfarin

A

1.5-2x normal (18-24 sec)

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16
Q

What is the range of INR

A

0.8-1.2

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17
Q

What is the therapeutic range of INR for someone on warfarin

A

2-3x normal (2.4-3.6)

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18
Q

What is included in the Lipid Profile

A
  • cholesterol
  • triglycerides
  • high density lipoprotein (HDL)
  • low density lipoprotein (LDL)
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19
Q

what is the range for cholesterol

A

<200 mg/dL (<5.9 mmol/L)

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20
Q

What is included in the thyroid panel

A
  • thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • serum thyroxine (T4)
  • serum triiodothyronine (T3)
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21
Q

What is included in a Basic metabolic panel (BMP)

A
  • glucose
  • sodium
  • potassium
22
Q

What is the range for Sodium

A

135-145 mEq/L

23
Q

What is the range for Potassium

A

3.5-5 mEq/L

24
Q

What is included in the Complete Metabolic Panel (CMP)

A
  • Calcium (Ca)
  • Chloride (Cl)
  • Carbon Dioxide Venous (CO2)
  • Magnesium (Mg)
  • Phosphorus (P)
25
Q

What is the range for Calcium

A

9-10.5 mg/dL (2.25-2.75 mmol/L)

26
Q

What is the range for Magnesium

A

1.5-2.5 mEq/L (0.74-1.07 mmol/L)

27
Q

What is the range of Phosphorus

A

3-4.5 mEq/L

28
Q

What is the range for Chloride

A

98 - 106 mEq/L

29
Q

What is included in Liver Function Test (LFT)

A
  • Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
  • Bilirubin
  • Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
  • Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
  • Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH)
  • Ammonia (NH3)
  • Protein Total
  • Albumin
30
Q

Which labs are made by the liver

A
  • ALP, AST, ALT
  • total protein, Albumin
31
Q

Which labs are excreted by the liver

A

Bilirubin and Ammonia

32
Q

Which labs, when increased, indicate a liver problem

A
  • Liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP)
  • Bilirubin
  • Ammonia
33
Q

Which labs, when decreased, indicate a liver problem

A
  • Total Protein
  • Albumin
34
Q

What is included in Pancreatic Enzyme labs

A
  • amylase
  • lipase
35
Q

What is included in an Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

A
  • pH
  • HCO3 (Bicarbonate)
  • PaCO2 (carbon dioxide)
  • PaO2 (partial pressure oxygen)
  • SaO2 (ox sat)
  • Base Excess (BE)
36
Q

What is the range for pH

37
Q

What is the range for HCO3

A

22-28 mEq/L

38
Q

What is the range for PaC02

A

35-45 mmHg

39
Q

What is the range for Pa02

A

80-100 mmHg

40
Q

What is included in a cardiac panel

A
  • CPK
  • CPK-MB
  • CPK-BB
  • myoglobin
  • Troponin
  • B-type Natriuretic peptide hormone (BNP)
41
Q

What does an increase in Troponin level indicate

A

Heart Attack

42
Q

What does an increase in BNP level indicate

A

Heart Failure (congestive)

43
Q

What is the non-diabetic range for HgA1C

45
Q

What is included in a Renal Labs

A
  • creatinine (Cr)
  • Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
  • Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
46
Q

What is included in a Urine Studies

A
  • Specific gravity
  • osmolality
  • albumin
  • WBC
  • Protein
  • Glucose
  • Ketones
47
Q

What does an increase in Albmun level in urine studies signify

A

kidney disease

48
Q

What does an increase in WBC level in urine studies signify

A

inflammation, UTI

49
Q

What does an increase in Protein level in urine studies signify

A
  • kidney disease
  • preeclampsia
50
Q

What does an increase in Glucose level in urine studies signify

A
  • diabetes
  • kidney disease
51
Q

What does an increase in ketones level in urine studies signify

A
  • diabetes
  • kidney disease
52
Q

which 2 misc. lab values can indicate an inflammation

A
  • erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
  • C-reactive protein (CRP)

NCLEX (4 decks)

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