Fluids & Electrolytes Flashcards
If a client has a fluid or an electrolyte imbalance, which status must the nurse closely monitor?
- cardiovascular
- respiratory
- neurological
- musculoskeletal
- renal
- integumentary
- GI
What can cause isotonic dehydration
- inadequate intake of fluids and solutes
- fluid shifts between compartments
- excessive losses of isotonic body fluids
What can cause hypertonic dehydration?
- excessive perspiration
- hyperventilation
- ketoacidosis
- prolonged fevers
- diarrhea
- Early-stage kidney disease
- DI
What can cause hypotonic dehydration?
- chronic illness
- excessive fluid replacement (hypotonic)
- kidney disease
- chronic malnutrition
Which IV replacement is used for isotonic dehydration?
isotonic fluid solutions
Which IV replacement is used for hypertonic dehydration?
hypotonic fluid solutions
Which IV replacement is used for hypotonic dehydration?
hypertonic fluid solutions
What can cause isotonic overhydration?
- inadequately controlled IV therapy
- kidney disease
- long-term corticosteroid therapy
What can cause hypertonic overhydration?
- excessive sodium ingestion
- rapid infusion of hypertonic saline
- excessive sodium bicarbonate therapy
What can cause hypotonic overhydration?
- early kidney disease
- HF
- SIAHS
- inadequate controlled IV therapy
- replacement of isotonic fluid loss with hypotonic fluids
- irrigation of wounds and body cavities with hypo fluids
Which electrolyte decreases as insulin increases
potassium (K)
which electrolyte is the most abundant intracellular cation
potassium (K+)
which electrolyte is the most abundant extracellular anion
Chloride (Cl-)
Which electrolyte increases during Renal Failure
Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Phosphorus (P)
Which electrolyte is the most abundant extracellular cation
Sodium (Na+)
