Lab Values Flashcards
what are the 4 most common blood tests that we see in acute/subacute care?
- CBC
- differential metabolic profile
- basic metabolic profile
- routine chemistry
the normal values at each institution are typically determined based on __% of healthy people in a certain group
95
in addition to looking at lab values and determining whether they are within normal ranges/guidelines, clinical decision making also needs to be based on what 4 things?
- thorough chart review
- trends of labs or vital signs
- clinical discussions with the team
- the ability to monitor for clinical signs and hemodynamic stability during intervention
electrolyte panels might change with what 3 things?
- IV infusions
- medications
- diet
CBC is the calculation of the ____ of blood
formed elements
what 3 types of blood cells make up a major portion of the CBC?
- WBCs
- RBCs
- Platelets
what are the 3 types of granulocytes, and what are their roles?
- neutrophils: most abundant WBC
- eosinophils: allergies
- basophils: allergies, release of histamine and heparin
what are the 2 types of agranulocytes, and what are their roles?
- monocytes: differentiate into macrophages
- lymphocytes: T and B; big role in immunity
elevated WBC levels usually indicate what? how will the pt present?
- infections
- pt may present with fever, malaise, lethargy
decreased WBC levels may indicate what? what is the pt at high risk for?
- infection and immunocompromised state
- high risk for additional infection
if a pt has elevated or decreased WBCs, you may need to implement ____ precautions
neutropenic
what are the 3 parts that RBC values consist of?
hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets
what is hemoglobin (Hb)?
protein contained in RBCs that delivers O2 to tissues
what is hematocrit (Hct)?
it measures the vol of RBCs compared to the total blood vol
____ and ____ values vary bw males and females
Hb and Hct
____ are the same for males and females
platelets
implications for ANC 1000-1500
initiate neutropenic precautions, however pt may ambulate in hall
implications for ANC 500-1000
pt needs mask and MD approval to ambulate in hall
implications for ANC < 500
isolation to room
Hb < __ g/dL is generally not good for males or females
8.0
implications for Hb < 9.0 g/dL (male) and < 7.0 g/dL (female)
tx to pt tolerance and communicate w healthcare team
implications for Hct < 20% (males and females)
pt may have SOB, tachycardia, fatigue, muscle cramps
implications for plt 50-150K
- limited resistive exercise
- encourage ambulation
- ADLs
- aerobic exercise equipment
implications for plt < 50K
- no resistive exercise
- no MMT
- AROM allowed
implications for plt 20-35K
- light exercise
- no bicycle
- treadmill, NuStep, UE ergometer
- ADLs
- ambulate as tolerated
implications for plt < 20K
- guarded PT intervention
- high risk for bleeding into extracellular space
- watch bleeding times
- AAROM and sitting/standing as tolerated
what does prothrombin time (PT) measure?
speed of clotting
what is INR used for?
to correct for differences in lab reagents to test prothrombin time
what does aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) measure?
speed of clotting with activator added that quickens the clotting time, resulting in a more narrow reference range
