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BSCI201 > Lab Unit 3: Skeletal System > Flashcards

Lab Unit 3: Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Compact bone

A

dense bone made up of osteons

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2
Q

Spongy bone

A

columns of bone called trabeculae with lots of open space

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3
Q

Axial skeleton

A

thoracic cage, skull, and vertebral column

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4
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

pectoral girdle, upper limb, pelvic girdle and lower limb

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5
Q

Long bones

A

bones that are much longer than they are wide

ex. femur, tibia, humerus, phalanges

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6
Q

Short bones

A

bones that are as wide as they are long, cube-shaped

ex. carpals and tarsals

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7
Q

Flat bones

A

bones that are thin, with two wafer like layers of compact bone sandwiching a thicker layer of spongy bone, can be curved

ex. sternum, cranial bones, ilium

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8
Q

Irregular bones

A

bones that are irregularly shaped and don’t fall into any of the other categories

ex. vertebrae and facial bones

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9
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

a type of short bone that form in between tendons

ex. patella

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10
Q

Tuberosity

A

Large rounded projection; may be roughened

ex. tibial tuberosity

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11
Q

Crest

A

Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

ex. iliac crest

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12
Q

Trochanter

A

Very large, blunt irregularly shaped process

ex. greater and lesser trochanters in femur

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13
Q

Line

A

Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest

ex. intertrochanteric line (anterior)

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14
Q

Tubercle

A

small rounded projection or process

ex. adductor tubercle (superior to medial condyle on femur)

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15
Q

Spine

A

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection

ex. ischial spine

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16
Q

Process

A

bony process

ex. coracoid process

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17
Q

Head

A

Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

ex. head of rib (where it articulates with vertebral column)

18
Q

Facet

A

Smooth, nearly flat articular surface

ex. costal facets on head of rib

19
Q

Condyle

A

Rounded articular projection

ex. condylar process of mandible (articulates with temporal bone)

20
Q

Ramus

A

Armlike bar of bone

ex. ischial ramus (articulates with pubis)

21
Q

Fissure

A

Narrow, slitlike opening

ex. superior orbital tissure (sphenoid)

22
Q

Foramen

A

Round or oval opening through a bone

ex. jugular foramen

23
Q

Notch

A

Indentation at the edge of a structure

ex. mandibular notch

24
Q

Meatus

A

Canal-like passageway

ex. external acoustic meatus

25
Q

Sinus

A

Bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucus membrane

ex. maxillary sinus (cheek)

26
Q

Fossa

A

Shallow basin like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

ex. lacrimal fossa

27
Q

Epiphysis

A

Proximal and distal ends of long bones (layer of compact bone that closes spongy bone)

28
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of long bones

29
Q

Periosteum

A

CT lining the outside of the bone; houses osteoblasts

30
Q

Endosteum

A

Lining of internal cavities of the bone (trabeculae, central and perforating canals); houses osteoclasts

31
Q

Penetrating fibers

A

Periosteum fibers than penetrate the bone

32
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Cavity within the shaft that contains yellow bone marrow

33
Q

Epiphyseal plate/line

A

The plate refers to an area of hyaline cartilage that provides for longitudinal bone growth; the line refers to the area once growth is complete and it turns to bone

34
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Found in the medullary cavity; composed of adipose tissue; fat storage to provide energy

35
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Found in the epiphyses and occupy the empty spaces in between trabeculae of spongy; where hematopoiesis occurs

36
Q

Central (Haversian) canal

A

Runs parallel to the long axis of the bone and carries BVs, nerves and lymphatic vessels through bony matrix; center of osteon

37
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells that maintain the bony matrix; reside in lacunae

38
Q

Lacunae

A

Chambers that are arranged in concentric circles and contain a liquid matrix where osteocytes reside; in between lamellae

39
Q

Lamellae

A

Circles of hard, bony matrix; can either by concentric, interstitial or circumferential

40
Q

Osteon

A

A central canal with all of the concentric lamellae surrounding it

41
Q

Canaliculi

A

Tiny canals radiating outward from a central canal to the lacunae from lamella to lamella

42
Q

Perforating (Volkmann’s) canal

A

Canals that run perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bone; connect BVs and nerves of the central canals to the medullary cavity

BSCI201 (3 decks)

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