Lab Unit 3: Skeletal System

Question 1

Compact bone

Answer 1

dense bone made up of osteons

Question 2

Spongy bone

Answer 2

columns of bone called trabeculae with lots of open space

Question 3

Axial skeleton

Answer 3

thoracic cage, skull, and vertebral column

Question 4

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 4

pectoral girdle, upper limb, pelvic girdle and lower limb

Question 5

Long bones

Answer 5

bones that are much longer than they are wide

ex. femur, tibia, humerus, phalanges

Question 6

Short bones

Answer 6

bones that are as wide as they are long, cube-shaped

ex. carpals and tarsals

Question 7

Flat bones

Answer 7

bones that are thin, with two wafer like layers of compact bone sandwiching a thicker layer of spongy bone, can be curved

ex. sternum, cranial bones, ilium

Question 8

Irregular bones

Answer 8

bones that are irregularly shaped and don’t fall into any of the other categories

ex. vertebrae and facial bones

Question 9

Sesamoid bones

Answer 9

a type of short bone that form in between tendons

ex. patella

Question 10

Tuberosity

Answer 10

Large rounded projection; may be roughened

ex. tibial tuberosity

Question 11

Crest

Answer 11

Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

ex. iliac crest

Question 12

Trochanter

Answer 12

Very large, blunt irregularly shaped process

ex. greater and lesser trochanters in femur

Question 13

Line

Answer 13

Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest

ex. intertrochanteric line (anterior)

Question 14

Tubercle

Answer 14

small rounded projection or process

ex. adductor tubercle (superior to medial condyle on femur)

Question 15

Spine

Answer 15

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection

ex. ischial spine

Question 16

Process

Answer 16

bony process

ex. coracoid process

Question 17

Head

Answer 17

Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

ex. head of rib (where it articulates with vertebral column)

Question 18

Facet

Answer 18

Smooth, nearly flat articular surface

ex. costal facets on head of rib

Question 19

Condyle

Answer 19

Rounded articular projection

ex. condylar process of mandible (articulates with temporal bone)

Question 20

Ramus

Answer 20

Armlike bar of bone

ex. ischial ramus (articulates with pubis)

Question 21

Fissure

Answer 21

Narrow, slitlike opening

ex. superior orbital tissure (sphenoid)

Question 22

Foramen

Answer 22

Round or oval opening through a bone

ex. jugular foramen

Question 23

Notch

Answer 23

Indentation at the edge of a structure

ex. mandibular notch

Question 24

Meatus

Answer 24

Canal-like passageway

ex. external acoustic meatus

Question 25

Sinus

Answer 25

Bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucus membrane ex. maxillary sinus (cheek)

Question 26

Fossa

Answer 26

Shallow basin like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface ex. lacrimal fossa

Question 27

Epiphysis

Answer 27

Proximal and distal ends of long bones (layer of compact bone that closes spongy bone)

Question 28

Diaphysis

Answer 28

Shaft of long bones

Question 29

Periosteum

Answer 29

CT lining the outside of the bone; houses osteoblasts

Question 30

Endosteum

Answer 30

Lining of internal cavities of the bone (trabeculae, central and perforating canals); houses osteoclasts

Question 31

Penetrating fibers

Answer 31

Periosteum fibers than penetrate the bone

Question 32

Medullary cavity

Answer 32

Cavity within the shaft that contains yellow bone marrow

Question 33

Epiphyseal plate/line

Answer 33

The plate refers to an area of hyaline cartilage that provides for longitudinal bone growth; the line refers to the area once growth is complete and it turns to bone

Question 34

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 34

Found in the medullary cavity; composed of adipose tissue; fat storage to provide energy

Question 35

Red bone marrow

Answer 35

Found in the epiphyses and occupy the empty spaces in between trabeculae of spongy; where hematopoiesis occurs

Question 36

Central (Haversian) canal

Answer 36

Runs parallel to the long axis of the bone and carries BVs, nerves and lymphatic vessels through bony matrix; center of osteon

Question 37

Osteocytes

Answer 37

Mature bone cells that maintain the bony matrix; reside in lacunae

Question 38

Lacunae

Answer 38

Chambers that are arranged in concentric circles and contain a liquid matrix where osteocytes reside; in between lamellae

Question 39

Lamellae

Answer 39

Circles of hard, bony matrix; can either by concentric, interstitial or circumferential

Question 40

Osteon

Answer 40

A central canal with all of the concentric lamellae surrounding it

Question 41

Canaliculi

Answer 41

Tiny canals radiating outward from a central canal to the lacunae from lamella to lamella

Question 42

Perforating (Volkmann's) canal

Answer 42

Canals that run perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bone; connect BVs and nerves of the central canals to the medullary cavity