Lab Unit 2: Histology

Question 1

epithelium layering classification

Answer 1

simple- one layer

stratified- multiple layers

Question 2

epithelium shape classification

Answer 2

squamous- flat cell shape with flattened, elongated, central nucleus
cuboidal- cube cell shape with rounded central nucleus
columnar- column shape cell with oval, elongated, non-central nucleus

Question 3

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 3

Function: diffusion and secretion of lubricant
Location: kidney glomeruli; alveoli; lining of heart, BVs and lymphatic vessels; makes up serosa

Question 4

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 4

Function: secretion and absorption
Location: kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portion of small glands; ovarian surface

Question 5

Simple columnar epithelium

Answer 5

Function: absorption; secretion of mucus and enzymes; ciliated types propels mucus or reproductive cells
Location: Non-ciliated- line digestive tract, gallbladder, and some excretory ducts; ciliated- lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some of the uterus

Question 6

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 6

Function: secretion (mucus)l; propulsion by ciliary action
Location: non-ciliated- male sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of large glands; ciliated- lines trachea and most of URT

Question 7

Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 7

Function: protection of underlying tissues subject to abrasion
Location: nonkeratinized- moist linings of esophagus, mouth and vagina; keratinized- epidermis

Question 8

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Answer 8

Function: protection
Location: largest ducts of sweat, salivary and mammary glands

Question 9

Stratified columnar epithelium

Answer 9

Function: protection and secretion
Location: small amounts in male urethra and in large ducts of some glands

Question 10

Transitional epithelium

Answer 10

Function: stretches to allow for distention
Location: lines ureters, urinary bladder, and part of urethra

Question 11

Mesenchyme tissue

Answer 11

embryonic connective tissue; gives rise to all other connective tissues

Question 12

Loose CT proper, areolar

Answer 12

Function: contains all three fiber types; wraps and cushions organs; meant for packaging
Location: underlying epithelial tissue, forms lamina propria; surrounds organs and capillaries

Question 13

Loose CT proper, adipose

Answer 13

Function: fat storage provides reserve fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs
Location: under skin; around kidney and eyeballs; within abdomen; in breasts

Question 14

Loose CT proper, reticular

Answer 14

Function: only contains reticular fibers; form soft, internal skeleton that supports other cell types
Location: lymphoid organs (nodes, bone marrow and spleen)

Question 15

Dense CT proper, regular

Answer 15

Function: collagen fibers arranged in one direction; can withstand tensile stress when applied in one direction
Location: tendons, ligaments and aponeuroses

Question 16

Dense CT proper, irregular

Answer 16

Function: collagen fibers arranged in many directions; can withstand tensile stress when applied in many directions
Location: fibrous capsules of organs and joints; dermis

Question 17

Dense CT proper, elastic

Answer 17

Function: many elastic fibers; allows for stretch and recoil
Location: walls of large arteries (pulsatile flow); ligaments within vertebral column; alls of bronchial tubes (passive recoil)

Question 18

Cartilage, hyaline

Answer 18

Function: middle cellularity, firmness and flexibility; supports and reinforces; cushions; resists compression
Location: most of embryonic skeleton; covers ends of long bones in joint cavities; forms costal cartilages; cartilages of nose, trachea and larynx

Question 19

Cartilage, elastic

Answer 19

Function: high cellularity, low firmness, and high flexibility; maintains shape and structure allowing for flexibility
Location: epiglottis and pinna

Question 20

Cartilage, fibrocartilage

Answer 20

Function: low cellularity, high firmness and low flexibility; tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock
Location: menisci; intervertebral discs; pubic symphysis

Question 21

Ossesous tissue

Answer 21

Function: supports; protects; provides levers for locomotion; fat and mineral storage; hematopoiesis
Location: bones

Question 22

Blood

Answer 22

Function: gas, nutrient and waste transport
Location: in BVs

Question 23

Nervous tissue (neurons and glia)

Answer 23

Function: neurons transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors to the brain and then to effectors; glia support neurons
Location: brain, spinal cord and nerves

Question 24

Skeletal muscle

Answer 24

Function: voluntary movement; locomotion; voluntary control
Location: attaches to bone or skin

Question 25

Cardiac muscle

Answer 25

Function: propels blood into circulation; involuntary control
Location: walls of heart (myocardium)

Question 26

Smooth muscle

Answer 26

Function: propels substances (ex. food and urine) along internal passages; involuntary control
Location: mostly in walls of hollow organs (ex. GI tract and urogenital organs)