lab two: gross anatomy of the peripheral nervous system

Question 1

spinal accessory nerve XI: innervation and anatomical pathway

Answer 1

*motor

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

Question 2

hypoglossal nerve XII: innervation and anatomical pathway

Answer 2

*motor

muscles of the tongue

Question 3

vagus nerve X: innervation and anatomical pathway

Answer 3

*motor and sensory

both motor and sensory fibers to the visceral body organs

Question 4

vagus nerve X: pathology

Answer 4

clinical manifestation may include dysphagia, vocal cord weakness and alterations of the parasympathetic tone of the thorax and abdomen

Question 5

infraorbital nerve: innervation and anatomical pathway

Answer 5

lower eyelid and upper lip; infraorbital canal

Question 6

phrenic nerve: innervation and anatomical pathway

Answer 6

diaphragm muscles to control breathing; both phrenic nerves run from C3-C5 along the anterior scalene muscle before dividing into the thorax to pass between the lungs and heart

Question 7

suprascapular nerve: innervation and anatomical pathway

Answer 7

supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles; suprascapular notch of the scapula

Question 8

subscapular nerve: innervation and anatomical pathway

Answer 8

subscapularis, teres major, and latissimus dorsi muscles

Question 9

axillary nerve: innervation and anatomical pathway

Answer 9

deltoid and teres minor muscles

Question 10

musculocutaneous nerve: innervation and anatomical pathway

Answer 10

coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis muscles

Question 11

radial nerve: innervation and anatomical pathway

Answer 11

triceps brachii and all muscles of the posterior forearm, sensation to lateral posterior surface of the hands; radial groove of the humerus bone

Question 12

radial nerve: pathology

Answer 12

when damaged, an individual cannot draw their wrist up (wrist drop)

Question 13

median nerve: innervation and anatomical pathway

Answer 13

sensation to the lateral anterior hand

Question 14

median nerve: pathology

Answer 14

carpal tunnel syndrome: compression median nerve

Question 15

ulnar nerve: innervation and anatomical pathway

Answer 15

sensation to the anterior and posterior medial hand; behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus

Question 16

ulnar nerve: pathology

Answer 16

superficial and thus often exposed to contact stimulation and pain in the “funny bone”

Question 17

long thoracic nerve: innervation and anatomical pathway

Answer 17

serratus anterior muscle

Question 18

long thoracic nerve: pathology

Answer 18

when damaged, the scapula wings out as it can no longer be held against the body wall

Question 19

sciatic nerve: innervation and anatomical pathway

Answer 19

biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles; greater sciatic notch of the pelvis

Question 20

tibial nerve: innervation and anatomical pathway

Answer 20

gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris muscles

Question 21

common fibular nerve

Answer 21

gives off a superficial and deep branch; often cited as the common peroneal nerve

Question 22

common fibular nerve: innervation and anatomical pathway

Answer 22

anterior muscles of the leg (not the thigh)

Question 23

common fibular nerve: pathology

Answer 23

when damaged, muscles in the posterior leg are no longer antagonized by contracting muscles from the anterior leg resulting in an unsynchronized foot drop with each step

Question 24

femoral nerve: innervation and anatomical pathway

Answer 24

rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius muscles

Question 25

lateral cutaneous nerve: innervation and anatomical pathway

Answer 25

sensation to the lateral thigh

Question 26

obturator nerve: innervation and anatomical pathway

Answer 26

sensation to the medial thigh; obturator foramen of the hip

Question 27

saphenous nerve: innervation and anatomical pathway

Answer 27

sensation to the medial leg and medial ankle/foot

Question 28

sympathetic trunk and ganglia: innervation and anatomical pathway

Answer 28

distributes fiber though the ramus communicans for sympathetic influence into spinal nerves