lab one: electroencephalography (EEG), psychophysiology, and wii

Question 1

electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 1

recording of electrical potential differences between various cortical areas

Question 2

cortical neurons

Answer 2

excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials

Question 3

brain waves

Answer 3

patterns of neuronal electrical activity

Question 4

what are the different categories of brain waves?

Answer 4

alpha, beta, theta, delta, gamma

Question 5

alpha

Answer 5

subject has eyes closed and is relaxed (brain that is -idling: a calm, relaxed state of wakefulness)

8 to 13 Hz

Question 6

beta

Answer 6

occur when mentally alert

14 to 30 Hz

Question 7

theta

Answer 7

occur during sleep at all ages; common in awake children

4 to 7 Hz

Question 8

delta

Answer 8

occur during deep sleep; indicate brain damage in awake adults

less than or equal to 4 Hz

Question 9

gamma

Answer 9

may be associated with higher mental activity

30 to 50 Hz

Question 10

consciousness

Answer 10

encompasses conscious perception of sensations, voluntary initiation and control of movement, and capabilities associated with higher mental processing (memory, logic, judgement, perseverance, and so on)

*knowing what we are doing within our environment

Question 11

suppositions about consciousness

Answer 11

1) involves simultaneous activity of large areas of the cerebral cortex, 2) superimposed with other types of neural activity and 3) holistic and interconnected

Question 12

what are the two major types of sleep?

Answer 12

non-rapid eye movement (NREM) with four stages and rapid eye movement (REM)

Question 13

stage one of sleep (non-rapid eye movement): wave activity

Answer 13

beta and alpha activity decreases while theta activity increases

Question 14

stage two of sleep (non-rapid eye movement): wave activity

Answer 14

irregular theta activity; sleep spindles and increase in K complexes

Question 15

stage three and four of sleep (non-rapid eye movement): wave activity

Answer 15

increase in delta activity

Question 16

flat electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 16

absence of brain wave activity indicating brain death

Question 17

language: left hemisphere

Answer 17

broca’s and wernicke’s area

Question 18

broca’s area

Answer 18

speaking language

Question 19

wernicke’s areas

Answer 19

understanding language and producing sentences that are structured with logical thought

Question 20

language: right hemisphere

Answer 20

produces body language through gestures and tone of voice

Question 21

what are the four types of memory

Answer 21

procedural, motor, emotional, declarative

Question 22

procedural memory

Answer 22

skill memory; memory is practiced over and over and over again

Question 23

motor memory

Answer 23

memory associated with the ability to repeat the same muscle movements

Question 24

emotional memory

Answer 24

memory associated with the sentiments of an event

Question 25

declarative memory

Answer 25

memory of facts (words, names, faces, dates); two stages known as short-term and long-term memory

Question 26

short-term memory

Answer 26

limited to 7 to 8 parts of information

Question 27

long-term memory

Answer 27

remembering large sums of information

Question 28

what facilitates the conversion (transfer) from short-term to long-term memory?

Answer 28

rehearsing and repeating

Question 29

seizures

Answer 29

torrent of electrical discharges from groups of brain neurons that interrupt normal functioning

Question 30

aura

Answer 30

experience of sensory hallucinations before a seizure begins

Question 31

absence seizure

Answer 31

mild form during which the person is no longer conscious of their environment as their expressions goes blank for a few seconds

Question 32

tonic-clonic seizure

Answer 32

more severe form and result in convulsions; person loses consciousness, bowel, and bladder control; lasts for a few minutes

Question 33

psychophysiology

Answer 33

branch of science concerned with physiological bases of psychological processes

Question 34

electrodermal response (EDR)

Answer 34

galvanic skin response (GSR) or skin conductance level (SCL); eccrine sweat glands respond to a person’s mental state more than they do to temperature increase; when filled with fluid, skin resistance decreases and skin conductance increases

Question 35

what do psychophysiologists measure?

Answer 35

skin temperature, heart rate, muscle activity, eye movement, blood pressure, and respiratory rate

Question 36

what parts of the brain are associated with concentration and distraction?

Answer 36

frontal lobe, parietal love, occipital love, temporal lobe, brain stem, and cerebellum

Question 37

frontal lobe

Answer 37

consciousness of what you are doing as well as decision making on tasks or our environment

Question 38

parietal lobe

Answer 38

integrating sensory information particularly spatial awareness and navigation

Question 39

occipital lobe

Answer 39

deals with vision and our ability to locate objects in the environmental as well as details about those objects (color)

Question 40

temporal lobe

Answer 40

auditory perception and memory acquisition

Question 41

brain stem

Answer 41

vision-based reflexes

Question 42

cerebellum

Answer 42

coordination of voluntary movement

Question 43

top-down attention

Answer 43

willful, goal-oriented attention (focused)

Question 44

bottom-up attention

Answer 44

reflexive attention to sensory information (loud noises, bright colors, or threatening animals)

Question 45

distraction

Answer 45

divided attention of an individual from a particular task onto the source of the distraction

Question 46

inattentive blindness

Answer 46

occurs when someone is distracted and becomes “blinded” to sensory information that would likely process without the distraction