Lab Test #3 Flashcards
Larynx, Trachea, and Esophagus are apart of what?
Throat
Lungs, Diaphragm, and Heart are apart of what?
Thoracic Cavity
Cranial lobes, Middle lobes, Caudal lobes, and Accessory lobe are apart of what?
Lungs
Mesentary, Liver, StomachSpleen, Small Intestine, Gall Bladder, Pancreas, and Large Intestine are apart of what?
Abdominal Cavity
Right median lobe, Left median lobe, Right lateral lobe, Left lateral lobe, and Caudate are apart of what?
Liver
Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum are apart of what?
Small Intestine
Cecum, Ascending colon, Transverse colon, Descending colon, Rectum, and Anus are apart of what?
Large Intestine
Airway leading to lungs: contains vocal cords
Larynx
Also called the windpipe
Trachea
Muscular tube after the pharynx and leading to stomach
Esophagus
Organs use for oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange
Lungs
Muscular partition between thoraic and abdominal cavites
Diaphram
Muscular pump; keeps blood circulating through the body
Heart
Muscular, stretchable sac; mixes and stores ingested food
Stomach
Filtering station for blood; reservior for red blood cells
Spleen
Absorbs digested food; consists of duodenum, jejunum, and ileumn
Small Intestine
Secrets bile; plays a role in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism
Liver
Concentrates and stores undigested matter
Large Intestine
Stores and concentrates bile
Gall Bladder
Secretes enzymes that break down all major food molecules
Pancreas
End of digestive system; opening where feces are expelled
Anus
Channel for urine flow from the kidney to the bladder
Ureters
Channel for urine flow from the bladder to the outside of the body
Urethra
Stretchable container for temporarily storing urine
Urinary bladder
Primary reproductive organs of female; oocyte production
Ovary
Passage in the male through which testis descends into the scrotum
Inguinal Canal
Constantly filters water and all solutes except proteins from the blood
Kidney
One of a pair of ducts for transporting sperm
Ductus Deferens
Found in a female; forms part of birth canal and recieves sperm
Vagina
Male copulatory organ; provides passageway for sperm or urine
Penis
What provides the framework for the body structure, produces blood cells, provides protection for the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs, acts as levers to aid body movement and stores various inorganic salts
Human Skeleton
The adult human skeleton consists of at least how many bones?
206
The human skeleton is divided up into what two groups?
Axial Skeleton and Appendicular Skeleton
What consists of the bones including the skull, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, hyoid bone, and the bones of the middle ear
Axial Skeleton
What consists of the bones of the upper and lower extremities and the bones that attach them to the skeleton the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle
Appendicular Skeleton
What is the point of contact between bones?
A joint or articulation
What is the correct anatomical position?
Upright position, facing the observer(forward), arms are at side with palms facing forward
Toward the head or upper part of the body
Superior
Away from the head or toward the lower part of the body
Inferior
Front surface of the body
Anterior (Ventral)
Back surface of the body
Posterior (Dorsal)
Near the midline of the body
Medial
Farther away from the midline of the body
Lateral
Nearer the point of attachment to the body
Proximal
Farther from the point of attachment to the body
Distal
What are the types of joints?
- Immovable
- Slightly Movable
- Freely movable
What are the freely movable joints?
- Ball and socket
- Hinge
- Gliding
- Pivot
What gives movement in all directions?
Ball and socket
What gives bending movement in one plane?
Hinge
What gives movement from side to side?
Gliding
What gives roation movement?
Pivot
Shoulder and Hip have what joint?
Ball and socket
Elbow and Knee have what joint?
Hinge
Wrist and ankle have what joint?
Gliding
Atlas and axis and between the ulna and radius have what joint?
Pivot
The radius is on the (blank) side of the forearm.
Lateral
The nose is (blank) to the mouth.
Superior
The heart is (blank) to the sternum.
Dorsal
The carpals are (blank) to the phalanges.
Proximal
The sternum is (blank) to the vertebral column.
Anterior
Forehead= ?
Frontal
Temple= ?
Temporal
Back of head= ?
Occipital
Cheek bone= ?
Zygomatic
Bridge of nose= ?
Nasal
Vertebra of the neck= ?
Cervical
Chest vertebrae= ?
Thoraic
Small of back= ?
Lumbar
Tail bones= ?
Coccyx
Breast bone= ?
Sternum
Shoulder girdle= ?
Pectoral
Hip Girdle= ?
Pelvis
Collar bone= ?
Clavicle
Shoulder blade= ?
Scapula
Upper arm= ?
Humerous
Forearm(Medial)= ?
Ulna
Wrist= ?
Carpals
Palm= ?
Metacarpals
Fingers/Toes= ?
Phalanges
Hip Socket= ?
Acetabulum
Thigh= ?
Femur
Knee Cap= ?
Patella
Lower leg(Lateral)= ?
Fibula
Lower leg(Medial)= ?
Tibia
Ankle= ?
Tarsals
Arch of foot= ?
Metatarsals
Forearm(Lateral)= ?
Radius
What is another name for the skull?
Cranium
What are the areas between the skull bones of an infant called?
Fotanels
What are the air spaces withinthe skull called?
Sinuses
What is the type of joint with the widest range of motion called?
Ball and socket
What is the longest bone in the body?
Femur
Which bones forms the heel of the foot?
Calcaneous
Which is the most prominent bone of the elbow?
Humerous (funny bone)
Which of the ribs are attached to the sternum by cartilage venturally and to the vertebral column dorsally?
True Ribs
There are more than (blank) muscles in the human body.
400
The muscles make up what percent of body weight?
35-45%
The three types of muscles that make up the muscular system are what?
Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac
What is the shortening of a muscle called?
Contraction
What is the returning of the muscle to its original position called?
Relaxation
Muscles (blank) push
Cannot
What are dense fibrous connective tissues that attach bones to bones?
Ligaments
What are dense fibrous connective tissues that attach muscles to bones?
Tendons
What is the point of attachment between twobones
Joint
What contracts and pulls one bone toward another bone reducing the angle between them
Flexor
What contracts and straightens the bone or increases the angle between the bones
Extensor
The mass of tissue of the muscle existing between the two tendons and forming a bulge or “belly” is called what?
Gaster
At a joint, the attachment of a tendon to a bone that is relaatively stationary as the muscle contracts is called the what?
Origin
The attachment of the tendon to the bone at a joint that moves when the muscle contracts is called what?
Insertion
The muscle that is causing the main pulling force and the main direction of that force os called what?
Prime Mover
A muscle that has the capacity to cause the force of motion in the opposite direction is called what?
Antagonist
What are the muscles called that assist the prime mover by reducing unnecessary movement
Synergists
Refers to a muscle comprised of fibers that are straight and/or occur parallel to the long axis of the body
Rectus
Refers to a muscle comprised of fibers that occur at a right angle to the long axis of the body
Transverse
Refers to a muscle comprised of fibers that occur diagonally to the long axis of the body
Oblique
Refers to a muscle located on the temporal bones of the skull
Temporalis
Refers to a muscle located in the femur bone (upper leg)
Femoris
Refers to a muscle located in the dorsum (back) of the body
Dorsi
Refers to a muscle that is relatively large
Maximus
Refers to a muscle that is relatively small
Minimus
Refers to a muscle that is long
Longus
Refers to a muscle that is short
Brevis
A muscle with two origins (attachments)
Biceps
A muscle with three origins (attachments)
Tricep
A muscle with four origins (attachments)
Quadriceps
Refers to a muscle with a triangular shape
Deltoid
Refers to a muscle with a trapezoid shape
Trapezius
Refers to a muscle that originates at the sternum and clavicle and inserts at the mastoid process of the skull
Sternocleidmastiod
A muscle that reduces the angle between the bones forming a joint
Flexor
Refers to a muscle that increases the angle between the bones forming a joint
Extensor
Refers to a muscle that pulls an appendage away from the midline of the body
Abductor
Refers to a muscle that pulls an appendage toward the midline of the body
Adductor
Refers to a muscle that raises a body structure
Levator
Refers to a muscle that lowers a body structure
Depressor
Refers to a muscle that turns a palm up position
Supinator
Refers to a muscle that turns a palm down position
Pronator
A forager that has to find a specific type of prey in order to survive
Specialist
A forager able to exploit a variety of food resources are called what?
Generalist
What physical and mental abilities do humans have as foragers or predators?
Higher intelligence, tools, and thumbs
What data measures the success of the foragers
Beans- the amount of food found
What happens as a food resource is depleted?
The number od beans decreases and more foragers die
What do animals do when food resources are depleted in nature?
Migrate, die, find different food source
Besides observinf other animals directly, how might animals avoid wasting time in an area that has already been searched by another animal?
Scent
From the forager’s point of view, is the kidney bean aneasy prety item to capture?
Yes , because of its color
Difference in Great Northern beans:
Blended in better and smaller
Difference in Lima beans:
Brighter and bigger
Difference in Lentils:
Smaller and look like rocks
What strategy did you use as a forager in the mixed prey species use in deciding which prey to look for?
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