Lab Test #2 Flashcards
What are multicellular, capable of locomotion or movement, have cells without a rigid cell wall, and are heterophobic?
Animals
Animals that lack vertebrates?
Invertebrates
What kind of symmetry can be divided into two equal halves?
Bilateral symmetry
What means definite head?
Cephalization
Which phylum contains animals known as sponges?
Porifera
What does Porifera mean?
Bearing pores
Sponges are what?
Multicellular
Most sponges are ( ), while all forms are aquatic.
Marine
Sponges are ( ), as adults but many disperse as free-swimming larvae
Sessile
What means immobile and attached to a surface?
Sessile
Sponges possess many different types of cells but lack what?
Definite tissue
Sponges are ( ), cannot be cut into two halves.
Assymetrical
The walls of sponges have numerous tiny openings called ( ), through which currents of water enter carrying food and oxygen to the central internal cavity called what?
Ostia
Spongocoel
In a sponge, water exists through a large opening called what?
Osculum `
In a sponge, the movement of water is produced by the beating of the flagella of what?
Collar cells, choanocytes, in the flagellated chambers, or radial canals
In a sponge what captures and digests food particles brought in by the water currents?
Choanocytes
A sponge has how many body layers?
3
In a sponge, the outer layer of flat epithelial cells, among which are contractile celled called ( ) that regulate the sizes of the ostia
Pinacytes
In a sponge, the middle layer of a gelatinous non-living matrix containing living mesenchyme celled ( ), which are capable of amoeboid movement
Amoebocytes
Amoebocytes function in the collecting of food from the flagellated collar cells, secrete the gelatinous matrix, collect wastes, produce ( ) and can differentiate into any of the other cell types
Spicules
In a sponge, what are the supportive skeleton of the sponge that are minute crystalline structures composed of either calcium carbonate or siliceous material
Spicules
In a sponge, what does the inner layer possess?
Collar cells
In a sponge, reproduction occurs how?
Asexually by budding, fragmentation, and in freshwater forms by gemmule formation
What consist of a ball of amoebocytes surrounded by a capsule of spicules and dead cells
A gemmule
Can sexual reproduction happen in sponges?
Yes
Most sponges are ( or ) meaning an individual has both male and female reproductive structures producing eggs and sperm from amoebocytes at different times in the life cycle
Monoecious or hermaphroditic
In a sponge, sperm can be produced from what?
Collar cells
In a sponge, the fusion of the eggs and the sperm results in a ( ) which develops into a free-swimming ciliated larva
Zygote
Phylum Cnidaria=
Coelenterates
Class Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, and Anthozoa are in what Phylum?
Cnidaria
Which class are hydras and Obelia
Hydrozoa
Which class are true jellyfish and Aurelia
Scyphozoa
Which class are sea anemone
Anthozoa
( ) are aquatic and found mostly in shallow marine environments, with the exception of the freshwater hydras
Cnidaria
Cnidaria show ( ) of organization
Tissue level
Cnidaria have mostly what kind of symmetry
Radial symmetry
which phylum has a gut and a definite nerve net
Cnidaria
Which phylum has the body types of sessile polyp is cylindrical in shape and the free swimming medusa
Cnidaria
The free swimming medusa is what shape
Bell or umbrella shaped
What are all carnivorous and possess tentacles with nematocysts that capture invertebrates and vertebrate prey
Cnidiaria
What are the stinging elements that are discharged by a combination of mechanical and chemical stimuli
Nematocysts
In phylum Cnidaria, what is the reproduction?
Sexual reproduction- monoecious or dioecious
Asexual reproduction- budding
Which class has a mobile individual polyp?
Hydrozoa
In class Hydrozoa, what is the reproduction?
Budding `
An outgrowth, or ( ) forms on the body, becoming a new hydra
Bud
What are the female gonads that contain the eggs and appear as rounded lumps on the side of the body
Ovaries
What are the male gonads which produce sperm and appear as numerous cone shaped knots on the body
Testes
The Obelia has ( ) extending from the bell
Tentacles
In the medusa form, the ( ) is the umbrella-like portion with the manubrium extending from the center and including the mouth
Bell
Which class includes most of the true jellyfish
Scyphazoa
In class Scyphozoa, most of their life is spent in what
Medusas
In Scyphozoa, the majority of these organisms float freely in open sea and may range in size from ( ) in diameter
4-20cm
The largest and most important class of Cnidarians includes what
Sea anemones, sea fans, and corals
What class are sea anemones, sea fans, and corals in?
Anthozoa
Anthozoa spend most of their life as what?
Hydrozoas
Phylum Platyhelminthes=
Acoelomate flatworms
Class Turbellaria, Trematoda, and Cestoda are in what phylum
Platyhelminthes
Planaria is what class
Turbellaria
Flukes, Clonorchis sinensis are what class
Trematoda
Tapeworms, Taenia are what class
Cestoda
The planaria is characterized by visible what
Eyespots
What are light-sensitive areas on the anterior dorsal surface
Eye spots
What are divided into the anterior and posterior lateral branches
Intestines
Food enters the mouth and extends through a tubular what
Pharynx
Flukes have an oval body and tubular what
Digestive system
Flukes are ( ) with ovaries and testes in the same individual
Hermaphroditic
In a tapeworm the head is also called the what
Scolex
The scolex is covered in ( and ) for attachment to the intestine of the host and for sucking in the digested food material
Hooks and suckers
What phylum have the organisms that thrive nearly everywhere and may be the most abundant animals alive
Phylum Nematoda
What are the two distinct features of the round worm
The tube within a tube body plan and a pseudocoelom
The tube within a tube has both the mouth and what
Anus
The pseudocoelom is completed lined with ( ) which allows the internal organs freedom of movement
Mesoderm
What is a tiny free living nematode that can live in unpasteurized vinegar
Vinegar eel
What is an intestinal round worm common throughout the world
Ascaris
What includes those known as heartworms in dogs
Filarial worms
The Ascaris are ( ), with the male and female reproductive organs in separate individuals
Dioecious
The Ascaris have tubular intestine and both a ( and ) cord
Dorsal and nerve cord
Pseudocoelomates include round worms( ) and rotifers( )
Nemtoda- Rotifera
The tiny openings in the wall of a sponge are called what
Ostia
“Bearing pores”
Porifera
What are living mesemchyme cells capable of movement
Amoebocytes
Collar cells are called what
Choanocytes
A ball of amoebocytes surrounded by a capsule of spicules and dead cells
Gemmule
Contractile cells regulating the size of ostia
Pinacytes
Hermaphroditic
Monoecious
Supportive structures composed of calcium carbonate or glass like material
Spicules
Opening through which water exists a sponge
Osculum
Central internal cavity of a sponge
Spongocoel
The spicules that are viewed in the wet mount slide are composed of what
Calcium carbonate
( ) is the flexible substance that provides skeletal support in some sponges
Spongin
With respect to the body form in Cnidarians, what is meant by the phrase “radially symmetrical”
You will always have equal halves
Nematocysts are located on the what
Tentacles
Nematocysts are what
Stinging cells
What does planarian do when light is on it
Moves away from light
Describe the feeding action of the planarian.
They feed in a swooping/swirl on their prey
Describe the motion of the vinegar eels on the slide
The wiggle
Mollusks demonstrate bilateral symmetry and what
Cephalization
Class Polyplacophora, Gastropda, Bivalvia, and Cephalopoda are apart of what Phylum?
Molluca
Chitons are apart of what class?
Polyplacophora
What are slow moving sedentary gazers with dorsal shell in 8 plates
Chitons
“Stomach foot” is apart of what class
Gastropoda
Snails, sea slugs, and land slugs are apart of what class
Gastropoda
“Two valved shells” are apart of what class
Bivalvia
Clams, mussles, scallops, and oysters are apart of what class
Bivalvia
“head foot” is apart of what class
Cephalopoda
Squids, octopuses, and nautiluses are apart of what class
Cephalopoda
What are the largest, swiftest, and most intelligent of the invertebrates
Cephalopoda
The 2 shells ( ) are held closed by the anterior and posterior adductor muscles
Valves
The ( ) is extended when the shells open and is used for locomotion
Muscular foot
Gas is exchanged through the ( ) located just under the valves
Gills
The ( ) secretes enzymes into the stomach and intestine
Digestive gland
The most striking annelid characteristic is the division of the ( ) into a series of similar segments
Cylindrical trunk
Annelida has a true body cavity called what
Coelem
The coelem is more or less divided by septa into components within each segment, each lined by what
Peritoneum
In Phylum Annelida, the circulatory system is not segmented. T or F q
True
The rhythmic contractions of these muscles, called ( ) allows food to be moved through the digestive tract without the movement of the entire animal
Peristalsis
Class Polychaeta, Hirudinea, and Oligochaeta are apart of what Phylum
Annelida
What represents the largest class of annelids
Polychaete
Polychaetes possess fleshy tentacles on the head and two fleshy appendages, ( ), on each segment except the first and last
Parapodia
Many ( ), or chitnous bristles are found on the parapodia, which are used for swimming, burrowing, crawling, and gas exchange
Setae
Marine clamworm are an example of what class
Polychaeta
Leeches lack what three things?
Tentacles, parapodia, and setae
Leeches have what interesting feature?
Two muscular suckers
Leeches have small anterior suckers that surround the ( ) and large posterior suckers that are used for ( and )
- Mouth
- Locomotion and attachment
Members of this class inhabit damp soil and freshwater
Oligochaeta
Which class lack parapodia and have setae
Oligochaeta
What is a specimen of the Lumbricus called
“Night crawler” earthworm
On an earthworm, what is the very first segment that overhangs the mouth
Prostomium
On an earthworm, the large hypodermal glands responsible for the formation of the what
Cocoon
On an earthworm, the swollen segments comprise the ( ), which is located anteriorly
Clitellum
The ( ) is located at the end of the last segment
Anus
An earthworm has how many hearts surrounding the esophagus
5 pair
An earthworm has one heart pair in which segments
7-11
What color are the hearts of an earthworm
Black
In an earthworm, the digestive tract expands into this and this is where food is stored
Crop
In an earthworm, posterior to the crop is a thick-walled( ) a mastication organ
Gizzard
In an earthworm, the ( ) is located beyond the gizzard and leads to the anus
Intestine
Earthworms can fertilize themselves. T or F
False
Each earthworm produces a cocoon containing what
Eggs
Class that has segmented bodies
Annelida
Class that includes muscles and scallops
Bivalvia
Most with shells of calcium carbonate
Mollusca
Class that have leeches
Hirudinea
Class that have chitons
Polyplacophora
Class that have marine clamworms
Polychaeta
Class that have nautiluses
Cephalopoda
Class of earthworms
Oligochaeta
Class of snails
Gastropoda
Body cavity of annelids
Coelem
Food storage in the earthworm
Crop
The first segment of an earthworm
Postomium
Mastication organ of an earthworm
Gizzard
Chitinous bristles
Setae
Fleshy appendages
Parapodia
Swollen segments of earthworm functioning in reproduction
Clitellum
Rhythmic muscular contractions
Peristalsis
What is an ancient group that does not conform to the normal rules of zoology
Echinoderms
Echinoderms are free moving but have why symmetry
Radial Symmetry
Radial symmetry is usually associated with ( ) forms, while bilateral symmetry is associated with ( ) forms
- Sessile forms
- Free moving forms
Echnidoerms are entirely what
Marine
A unique characteristics of Echinoderms is that there is a presence of what
A water vascular system
A spiny endoskeleton of calcareous plates is what Phylum?
Echinoderm
“spiny skin” means what
Echinodermata
What are the tiny pincer like devices located among the spines of the skin, that are used to kill prarsites and remove debris from the skin surface
Pedicellariae
What are the very thin membraned projections on the skin surface that allows of the exchange of gases(respiration)
Dermal Brachiae, or Dermal Gills or Papulae
On the Sea Urchin, small pointed structures
Spines
On the Sea Urchin, the anterior opening of the digestive tract
Mouth
On the Sand Dollar, the small hole located anteriorly
Lunule
On the Sand Dollar, resembles petals of a flower; used to movewatewr into its vascular system which allows for movement
Petaloid ambulacra
On the Starfish, the anterior openin gf the digestive tract
Mouth
On the Starfish, extensions protrudingfrom the body that are used for locomotion
Tube feet
On the Starfish, located in the middle of each arm bordered by tube feet
Ambulacral Groove
On the Starfish, small pointed structures
Spines
On the Starfish, tiny pincher like devices located among the spines
Pedicellariae
On the Starfish, the perforated pore thrugh which water is admitted to the water vascular system
Madreporite
On the Starfish, rounded area in the center of the starfish
Central disk
On the Starfish arm, the brownish looking area where digestive enzymes are produced
Digestive glands
On the Starfish arm, the gamete producing gland; reproductive structures
Gonads
On the Starfish arm, located out each arm along the body used for locomotion
Tube feet
On the Starfish arm, where food is stored
Stomach
On the Starfish arm, located in the middle of each arm under the digestive glands
Ambulacral ridge
What material composes the spiny endoskeleton
Calcarous piares
What are trhe most successful of all living phyla
Anthropoda
Anthropodas compirise over ( ) species
Million
The body of an anthropod is usually covered by a thick, protective exoskeleton ( ) which contains chitin
Cuticle
Several classes in phylum Anthropoda are primarily what
Terrestrial
Inscets, centipedes, millipedes, and spiders are apart of what phylum
Anthropoda
The members of phylum Anthropoda that are adapted to ( ) water enviornments include crabs, lobster, and shrimp
All
What aid crayfish in catching prey
Chelicrae and Chelipeds
What are the anterior appendages on a crayfish
Chelicerae
What are the terminal fangs on a crayfish which can be used to aid in locomotion
Chelipeds
What are two things that aid in locomotion on the crayfish
Telson and Uropods
On a crayfish, what is the nonsegmented end of the fan tail
Telson
Ona crayfish, what form the outside part of the tail fan
Uropods
On a crayfish, what makes up the head and throax
Cephalothorax
What is the hard covering around the cephlathorax on a crayfish called that protects them from potential predators
Carapace
Centipede= class
Chilopoda
Millipede= class
Diplopoda
Scorpion= class
Insecta
Shrimp= class
Crustacea
Spider= class
Arachnida
How are anthropods better adapted to a land enviornment than other invertebrates
Because of their cuticle, efficient internal respiratory organs, exoskeleton and jointed appendages
What are the four common characteristics of phylum Chordata
Possession of notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharynx with gills, and a tail that extends past the anus
What is a rod of stiffened tissue
Notochord
what may eventually become the spinal cord
Dorsal nerve cord
What are members of subphylum Urochordata known as
Tunicates
Subphylum Urochordata and Subphylum Cephalochordata do not contan a what
Vertebrae
Subphylum Urochordata filter feed by siphoning water through their what
Gill Slits
The most common and well known class of SubPhylum Urochordata is what
Sea Squirts
What are memebers of Subphylum Cephalochordata known as
Lancelots
What is genus name for lancelots
Amphioxus
In subphylum Cephlochordata, the blood is ( ) as it lacks erythrocytes and hemoglobin which are responsible for transporting oxygen
Colorless
Class Myxini, Cephalaspidomorphi, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia are apart of what phylum
Subphylum Vertebrata
Hagfish are apart of what class
Class Myxini
What are long eel like fishes with a termional mouth and four pairs of tentacles
Hagfish
Hagfish have full use of their eyes. T or F
False
What are marine bottom dwelling scavengers feeding on dead or dying fish, annelids, mollusks, and crustacean
Hagfish
What are long eel like in form but have a sucking disc around the mouth internally covered with small rasping teeth
Lamprey
What are found in marine and freshwater bodies and have well developed eyes
Lampreys
Many lampreys are ( ) to other vertebrates
Parasitic
Lamprey are apart of what class
Class Cephalspidomorphi
Cartilagnious Fishes are apart of what class
Class Chondricthyes
Bony Fish are apart of what class
Class Osteichthyes
What is the most diverse class of vertebrae including 24,000 species
Osteichthyes
Approximately 95% of bony fish are what
Rayfinned fishes
Tetrapods are apart of what class
Amphibia
When the skin absorbs oxygen through a process called what
Crutaneous Respiration
Amphibians, like fish are what
Ecotothermic
