Lab Test #2 Flashcards
What are multicellular, capable of locomotion or movement, have cells without a rigid cell wall, and are heterophobic?
Animals
Animals that lack vertebrates?
Invertebrates
What kind of symmetry can be divided into two equal halves?
Bilateral symmetry
What means definite head?
Cephalization
Which phylum contains animals known as sponges?
Porifera
What does Porifera mean?
Bearing pores
Sponges are what?
Multicellular
Most sponges are ( ), while all forms are aquatic.
Marine
Sponges are ( ), as adults but many disperse as free-swimming larvae
Sessile
What means immobile and attached to a surface?
Sessile
Sponges possess many different types of cells but lack what?
Definite tissue
Sponges are ( ), cannot be cut into two halves.
Assymetrical
The walls of sponges have numerous tiny openings called ( ), through which currents of water enter carrying food and oxygen to the central internal cavity called what?
Ostia
Spongocoel
In a sponge, water exists through a large opening called what?
Osculum `
In a sponge, the movement of water is produced by the beating of the flagella of what?
Collar cells, choanocytes, in the flagellated chambers, or radial canals
In a sponge what captures and digests food particles brought in by the water currents?
Choanocytes
A sponge has how many body layers?
3
In a sponge, the outer layer of flat epithelial cells, among which are contractile celled called ( ) that regulate the sizes of the ostia
Pinacytes
In a sponge, the middle layer of a gelatinous non-living matrix containing living mesenchyme celled ( ), which are capable of amoeboid movement
Amoebocytes
Amoebocytes function in the collecting of food from the flagellated collar cells, secrete the gelatinous matrix, collect wastes, produce ( ) and can differentiate into any of the other cell types
Spicules
In a sponge, what are the supportive skeleton of the sponge that are minute crystalline structures composed of either calcium carbonate or siliceous material
Spicules
In a sponge, what does the inner layer possess?
Collar cells
In a sponge, reproduction occurs how?
Asexually by budding, fragmentation, and in freshwater forms by gemmule formation
What consist of a ball of amoebocytes surrounded by a capsule of spicules and dead cells
A gemmule
Can sexual reproduction happen in sponges?
Yes
Most sponges are ( or ) meaning an individual has both male and female reproductive structures producing eggs and sperm from amoebocytes at different times in the life cycle
Monoecious or hermaphroditic
In a sponge, sperm can be produced from what?
Collar cells
In a sponge, the fusion of the eggs and the sperm results in a ( ) which develops into a free-swimming ciliated larva
Zygote
Phylum Cnidaria=
Coelenterates
Class Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, and Anthozoa are in what Phylum?
Cnidaria
Which class are hydras and Obelia
Hydrozoa
Which class are true jellyfish and Aurelia
Scyphozoa
Which class are sea anemone
Anthozoa
( ) are aquatic and found mostly in shallow marine environments, with the exception of the freshwater hydras
Cnidaria
Cnidaria show ( ) of organization
Tissue level
Cnidaria have mostly what kind of symmetry
Radial symmetry
which phylum has a gut and a definite nerve net
Cnidaria
Which phylum has the body types of sessile polyp is cylindrical in shape and the free swimming medusa
Cnidaria
The free swimming medusa is what shape
Bell or umbrella shaped
What are all carnivorous and possess tentacles with nematocysts that capture invertebrates and vertebrate prey
Cnidiaria
What are the stinging elements that are discharged by a combination of mechanical and chemical stimuli
Nematocysts
In phylum Cnidaria, what is the reproduction?
Sexual reproduction- monoecious or dioecious
Asexual reproduction- budding
Which class has a mobile individual polyp?
Hydrozoa
In class Hydrozoa, what is the reproduction?
Budding `
An outgrowth, or ( ) forms on the body, becoming a new hydra
Bud
What are the female gonads that contain the eggs and appear as rounded lumps on the side of the body
Ovaries
What are the male gonads which produce sperm and appear as numerous cone shaped knots on the body
Testes
The Obelia has ( ) extending from the bell
Tentacles
In the medusa form, the ( ) is the umbrella-like portion with the manubrium extending from the center and including the mouth
Bell
Which class includes most of the true jellyfish
Scyphazoa
In class Scyphozoa, most of their life is spent in what
Medusas
In Scyphozoa, the majority of these organisms float freely in open sea and may range in size from ( ) in diameter
4-20cm
The largest and most important class of Cnidarians includes what
Sea anemones, sea fans, and corals
What class are sea anemones, sea fans, and corals in?
Anthozoa
Anthozoa spend most of their life as what?
Hydrozoas
Phylum Platyhelminthes=
Acoelomate flatworms
Class Turbellaria, Trematoda, and Cestoda are in what phylum
Platyhelminthes
Planaria is what class
Turbellaria
Flukes, Clonorchis sinensis are what class
Trematoda
Tapeworms, Taenia are what class
Cestoda
The planaria is characterized by visible what
Eyespots
What are light-sensitive areas on the anterior dorsal surface
Eye spots
What are divided into the anterior and posterior lateral branches
Intestines
Food enters the mouth and extends through a tubular what
Pharynx
Flukes have an oval body and tubular what
Digestive system
Flukes are ( ) with ovaries and testes in the same individual
Hermaphroditic
In a tapeworm the head is also called the what
Scolex
The scolex is covered in ( and ) for attachment to the intestine of the host and for sucking in the digested food material
Hooks and suckers
What phylum have the organisms that thrive nearly everywhere and may be the most abundant animals alive
Phylum Nematoda
What are the two distinct features of the round worm
The tube within a tube body plan and a pseudocoelom
The tube within a tube has both the mouth and what
Anus
The pseudocoelom is completed lined with ( ) which allows the internal organs freedom of movement
Mesoderm
What is a tiny free living nematode that can live in unpasteurized vinegar
Vinegar eel
What is an intestinal round worm common throughout the world
Ascaris
What includes those known as heartworms in dogs
Filarial worms
The Ascaris are ( ), with the male and female reproductive organs in separate individuals
Dioecious
The Ascaris have tubular intestine and both a ( and ) cord
Dorsal and nerve cord
Pseudocoelomates include round worms( ) and rotifers( )
Nemtoda- Rotifera
The tiny openings in the wall of a sponge are called what
Ostia
“Bearing pores”
Porifera
What are living mesemchyme cells capable of movement
Amoebocytes
Collar cells are called what
Choanocytes
A ball of amoebocytes surrounded by a capsule of spicules and dead cells
Gemmule
Contractile cells regulating the size of ostia
Pinacytes
Hermaphroditic
Monoecious
Supportive structures composed of calcium carbonate or glass like material
Spicules
Opening through which water exists a sponge
Osculum
Central internal cavity of a sponge
Spongocoel
The spicules that are viewed in the wet mount slide are composed of what
Calcium carbonate
( ) is the flexible substance that provides skeletal support in some sponges
Spongin
With respect to the body form in Cnidarians, what is meant by the phrase “radially symmetrical”
You will always have equal halves
