Lab Studies Flashcards
ABG Normal Values
pH 7.35-7.45
CO2 35-45
HCO3 22-26
PaO2 80-100
BE -2 to 2
SaO2 > 95%
Base Excess
Normal -2 to 2
> 4 is an indicator for potential need for blood transfusion
> -19 correlates with a negative outcome
Base Excess Replacement Formula
0.1 x (-BE) x patient weight in kg = Bicarb needed (mEq)
CO2 Regulation
- diffusion into circulation –> pulmonary capillaries
- Capillary/alveolar membrane –> alevoli
- CO moves blood to tissues
- CO2 regulation is a function of minute volume
Anion Gap Equation
(Na+) - (Cl- + HCO3-)
Normal anion gap is 12 +/- 4
Metabolic Alkalosis
pH > 7.35 and Bicarb > 26
- Usually result of H+, K+, Na+, Cl- loss
- Causes: vomiting, NG tube suctioning, diuretics, steroids, antacid poisoning
- Treat underlying cause
Metabolic Acidosis
pH < 7.35 and Bicarb < 22
- # 1 cause is lactic acidosis
- Ketoacidosis
- Treat underlying cause
Respiratory Alkalosis
pH > 7.35 and CO2 < 35
- Result of alveolar hyperventilation
- Often caused by ASA poisoning (stimulates resp. center), or hyperthermia, hypermetabolic states
- Check Vt then f if on a vent
Respiratory Acidosis
pH < 7.35 and CO2 > 45
- Result of failure to remove CO2
- Chest wall injury, CNS depression, lung injury
Anion Gap Causes
- Methanol
- Uremia
- DKA
- Propylene Glycol
- Isoniazid (INH/Iron
- Lactate
- Ethylene Glycol
- Salicylates
Anion Gap Acidosis Treatment
Ventilation/secure airway, find cause, if pH < 7.0 consider bicarb based on severity.
BMP Values
Na+ - 135-145 mEq/L
K+ - 3.5-5 mEq/L
Cl- - 95-105 mEq/L
CO2 - 22-26 mEq/L
BUN - 6-24 mg/dL
Cr - 0.7-1.4 mg/dL
Glucose - 80-120 mg/dL
CBC Values
HGB/HCT - 15/45
PLT - 150k-450k
WBC - 5k-10k
Albumin
Primary serum protein, prodcued by the liver, maintains colloid osmotic pressure.
Coag Panel
PT - 11sec (Extrinsic Pathway)
PTT - 21-35sec (Intrinsic Pathway)
INR - 1.0 (International Normalized Ratio)