Lab Studies Flashcards

1
Q

ABG Normal Values

A

pH 7.35-7.45

CO2 35-45

HCO3 22-26

PaO2 80-100

BE -2 to 2

SaO2 > 95%

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2
Q

Base Excess

A

Normal -2 to 2
> 4 is an indicator for potential need for blood transfusion
> -19 correlates with a negative outcome

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3
Q

Base Excess Replacement Formula

A

0.1 x (-BE) x patient weight in kg = Bicarb needed (mEq)

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4
Q

CO2 Regulation

A
  • diffusion into circulation –> pulmonary capillaries
  • Capillary/alveolar membrane –> alevoli
  • CO moves blood to tissues
  • CO2 regulation is a function of minute volume
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5
Q

Anion Gap Equation

A

(Na+) - (Cl- + HCO3-)

Normal anion gap is 12 +/- 4

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6
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A

pH > 7.35 and Bicarb > 26

  • Usually result of H+, K+, Na+, Cl- loss
  • Causes: vomiting, NG tube suctioning, diuretics, steroids, antacid poisoning
  • Treat underlying cause
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7
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

pH < 7.35 and Bicarb < 22

  • # 1 cause is lactic acidosis
  • Ketoacidosis
  • Treat underlying cause
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8
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

A

pH > 7.35 and CO2 < 35

  • Result of alveolar hyperventilation
  • Often caused by ASA poisoning (stimulates resp. center), or hyperthermia, hypermetabolic states
  • Check Vt then f if on a vent
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9
Q

Respiratory Acidosis

A

pH < 7.35 and CO2 > 45

  • Result of failure to remove CO2
  • Chest wall injury, CNS depression, lung injury
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10
Q

Anion Gap Causes

A
  • Methanol
  • Uremia
  • DKA
  • Propylene Glycol
  • Isoniazid (INH/Iron
  • Lactate
  • Ethylene Glycol
  • Salicylates
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11
Q

Anion Gap Acidosis Treatment

A

Ventilation/secure airway, find cause, if pH < 7.0 consider bicarb based on severity.

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12
Q

BMP Values

A

Na+ - 135-145 mEq/L
K+ - 3.5-5 mEq/L
Cl- - 95-105 mEq/L
CO2 - 22-26 mEq/L
BUN - 6-24 mg/dL
Cr - 0.7-1.4 mg/dL
Glucose - 80-120 mg/dL

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13
Q

CBC Values

A

HGB/HCT - 15/45
PLT - 150k-450k
WBC - 5k-10k

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14
Q

Albumin

A

Primary serum protein, prodcued by the liver, maintains colloid osmotic pressure.

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15
Q

Coag Panel

A

PT - 11sec (Extrinsic Pathway)
PTT - 21-35sec (Intrinsic Pathway)
INR - 1.0 (International Normalized Ratio)

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16
Q

Heparin/LMWH

A
  • Affects the intrinsic pathway
  • OD treated with protamine sulfate
17
Q

Coumadin

A
  • Affects the extrinsic pathway, clinically monitored by measuring INR
  • Therapeutic INR typically 3-4
  • Overdose treated with vitamin K
18
Q

Urine Output

A
  • Infant - 2cc/kg/hr
  • Child - 1cc/kg/hr
  • Adult - 0.5cc/kg/hr
19
Q

Osmolarity

A
  • Measure of solute concentration
  • Normal serum osmolarity 280-295 mOsm/L
  • Increases with dehyration
  • Decreases with overhydration