Burns Flashcards

1
Q

Burn Classification

A
  • 1st Degree - Superficial (sunburn)
  • 2nd Degree - Partial Thickness (Blisters)
  • 3rd Degree - Full thickness (completely destroyed tissue)
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2
Q

Brooke Burn Formula

A

2cc/kg x BSA = fluids over 24 hours

1st half in 1st 8 hours from time of burn

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3
Q

Universal Burn Formula

A

2-4 cc/kg x BSA = fluids over 24 hours

1st half in 1st 8 hours from time of burn

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4
Q

Parkland Burn Formula

A

4cc/kg x BSA = fluids over 24 hours

1st half in 1st 8 hours from time of burn

Preferred Formula

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5
Q

Burn Fluid Resuscitation

A
  • Only count 2nd/3rd degree burns in BSA
  • Parkland is the preferred formula
  • Lactated Ringers is the preferred fluid
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6
Q

Palmer Method

A

Represents 1% BSA in both adults and children

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7
Q

Average Urine Output (Adult)

A

30-50mL/hr

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8
Q

Adynamic Ileus

A

Seen in patient’s with >20% BSA burns. Decreased bowel movements. Can cause problems in-flight due to the expansion of wet gasses.

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9
Q

Electrical Burn Predictors of Severity

A
  • Voltage and amperage (amperage is better predictor)
  • Resistance of internal body structure
  • Type of pathway and current
  • Duration and intensity of contact
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10
Q

Alternating Current (A/C)

A
  • Household current (110v A/C)
  • Will cause continual muscle contractions
  • Unable to pull themselves away
  • Explosive exit wound
  • Causes V-Fib
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11
Q

Direct Current (D/C)

A
  • Victim able to pull themselves away from current
  • Discrete exit wound
  • Causes asystole
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12
Q

Myoglobinuria

A
  • Common in severe electrical injuries
  • Treatment similar to crush injuries
  • Maintain a urine ouput of 100mL/hr to perfuse kidneys and prevent renal failure (acute tubular necrosis or ATN)
  • NaHCO3 to correct acidosis
  • Mannitol to increase UOP and minimize ATN
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13
Q

Acid Burns

A
  • Cause coagulative necrosis
  • Dilute with water
  • Neutralize hydrofluoric acid with calcium gluconate
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14
Q

Alkali Burna

A
  • Dehydrate cells causing saponification (liquefaction necrosis)
  • Dilute with copious amounts of water
  • Worse than acid burns
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15
Q

Supraglottic Inhalation Burns

A
  • Injury results from thermal insult
  • Above the vocal cords
  • Facial burns, carbonaceous sputum, singed facial hair, stridor
  • Treat with oxygen, corticosteroids, supportive
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16
Q

Infraglottic Inhalation Burns

A
  • Results from chemical insult
  • Below the vocal cords
  • increased pulmonary capillary permeability (causes pulmonary edema)
  • Treat with oxyen, corticosteroids, supportive care
17
Q

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Intoxication

A
  • Causes asphyxiation
  • Cherry red skin due to carbodyhemoglobin - histotoxic hypoxia
  • Headache is a common finding
  • Assume if patient was in enclosed area
  • Causes false high SPO2
  • Needs 100% oxygen
18
Q

Synthetic Material Fires

A
  • Fires involving combustion of cellulose, nylon, wool, silk, asphalt, polurethane
  • Risk of hydrogen cyanide poisoning - histotoxic hypoxia
  • Released during incomplete combustion of plastics and acrylics
  • Treated with sodium thiosulfate, amyl nitrate, and sodium nitrite OR Cyanokit