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PARASITOLOGY > [LAB] Stool Concentration Techniques > Flashcards

[LAB] Stool Concentration Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

PROCEDURE THAT ALLOWS THE DETECTION OF PARASITES THAT HAVE BEEN MISSED BY THE DFS

A

STOOL CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUE

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2
Q

PARASITES THAT CAN BE RECOVERED WITH THE STOOL CONCENTRATIOIN TECHNIQUE

A

HELMINTH EGGS AND LARVAE
PROTOZOAN CYSTS

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3
Q

PARASITES THAT CANNOT BE RECOVERED BY THE STOOL CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUE

A

PROTOZOAN TROPHOZOITES
They are usually destroyed during the procedure

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4
Q

TWO CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUES

A

SEDIMENTATION
Formalin Ether Concentration Technique

FLOTATION
Zinc Sulfate Concentration Technique

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5
Q

[FECT]
VOLUME AND CONCENTRATION OF FORMALIN

A

10 mL
10% Formalin

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6
Q

[FECT]
AMOUNT OF FECES

A

1.0-1.5g
HALF A TEASPOON

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7
Q

MATERIAL USED TO STRAIN THE SOLUTIONS

A

GAUZE
2 LAYERS

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8
Q

[FECT]
TOTAL VOLUME

A

10 mL

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9
Q

[FECT]
VOLUME OF ETHER OR ETHYL ACETATE

A

3mL

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10
Q

[FECT]
DURATION OF SHAKING

A

10 SECONDS

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11
Q

[FECT]
RATIONALE OF REMOVING THE RUBBER STOPPER AFTER SHAKING

A

RELEASE PENT-UP AEROSOL OF ETHER

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12
Q

[FECT]
DURATION OF CENTRIFUGATION

A

10 MINUTES

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13
Q

[FECT]
NUMBER OF LAYERS

A

4 LAYERS

  1. Ether or Ethyl Acetate
  2. Fatty debris
  3. Formalin
  4. Sediment
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14
Q

[FECT]
4 LAYERS AFTER CENTRIFUGATION

A

4 LAYERS

  1. Ether or Ethyl Acetate
  2. Fatty debris
  3. Formalin
  4. Sediment
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15
Q

[FECT]
LAYERS TO POUR OFF

A

TOP 3 LAYERS

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16
Q

[FECT]
DURATION OF DRAINING THE SOLUTION

A

AT LEAST 5 SECONDS

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17
Q

[FECT]
WHAT TO DO WITH THE RESIDUAL FLUID FROM THE WALLS OF THE TUBE

A

MIX THE FLUID WITH THE SEDIMENT

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18
Q

[FECT]
AMOUNT OF THE SEDIMENT NEEDED ON THE GLASS SLIDE

A

A DROP

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19
Q

[FECT]
STAIN USED

A

IODINE

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20
Q

WHY SHOULD ETHER BE HANDLED WITH CARE

A

ETHER IS HIGHLY FLAMMABLE AND WILL IGNITE IF A SPARK IS NEAR BY

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21
Q

WHAT SUBSTANCE IS HIGHLY FLAMMABLE AND WILL IGNITE IF A FLAME IS NEARBY

A

ETHER

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22
Q

[ZINC SULFATE]
HOW TO PREPARE A FECAL EMULSION

A

FECAL SPECIMEN
About half the size of a thumb

WATER

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23
Q

[ZINC SULFATE]
VOLUME OF SUSPENSION

A

10 mL

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24
Q

[ZINC SULFATE]
CENTRIFUGATION SPEED AND DURATION

A

MANUAL: 2000 RPM, 12 MINUTES
SUPP. NOTES: 500g, 10 MINUTES

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25
Q

[ZINC SULFATE]
SUBSTANCE USED TO WASH THE FECAL SEDIMENT

A

WATER

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26
Q

[ZINC SULFATE]
UNTIL WHEN SHOULD THE SUSPENSION BE WASHED AND CENTRIFUGED

A

UNTIL THE SUPERNATANT IS CLEAR

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27
Q

[ZINC SULFATE]
AMOUNT OF WASHINGS USUALLY DONE

A

3 WASHINGS

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28
Q

[ZINC SULFATE]
WHAT TO DO WITH THE LAST SUPERNATANT FLUID

A

POUR IT OUT

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29
Q

[ZINC SULFATE]
VOLUME AND CONCENTRATION OF ZINC SULFATE USED

A

2 mL
33% ZINC SULFATE

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30
Q

[ZINC SULFATE]
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF FRESH STOOL

A

1.18

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31
Q

[ZINC SULFATE]
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF FORMALIN-PRESERVED STOOL

A

1.20

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32
Q

[ZINC SULFATE]
AMOUNT OF LOOPS TRANSFERRED TO THE GLASS SLIDE

A

5 LOOPFULS OF THE TOP PORTION

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33
Q

TECHNIQUE THAT SUSPENDS THE FECAL SPECIMEN IN WATER OR AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF LOW SPECIFIC GRAVITY

A

SEDIMENTATION
Formalin Ether Concentration Technique

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34
Q

[SEDIMENTATION OR FLOTATION]
SOLUTION OF LOW SPECIFIC GRAVITY

A

SEDIMENTATION
Formalin Ether Concentration Technique

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35
Q

[SEDIMENTATION OR FLOTATION]
NATURAL SETTING

A

SEDIMENTATION
Formalin Ether Concentration Technique

36
Q

[SEDIMENTATION OR FLOTATION]
PARASITES AT THE BOTTOM OF THE SUSPENSION

A

SEDIMENTATION
Formalin Ether Concentration Technique

37
Q

[SEDIMENTATION OR FLOTATION]
DEBRIS IS LIGHT

A

SEDIMENTATION
Formalin Ether Concentration Technique

38
Q

[SEDIMENTATION OR FLOTATION]
HIGH SPECIFIC GRAVITY

A

FLOTATION
Zinc Sulfate Concentration Technique

39
Q

[SEDIMENTATION OR FLOTATION]
PARASITES ARE SEPARATED ACCORDING TO BUOYANCY

A

FLOTATION
Zinc Sulfate Concentration Technique

40
Q

[SEDIMENTATION OR FLOTATION]
PARASITES ARE LOCATED IN THE SURFACE FILM

A

FLOTATION
Zinc Sulfate Concentration Technique

41
Q

ALTERNATIVE TO ETHYL ACETATE

A

GASOLINE

42
Q

MOST WIDELY USED SEDIMENTATION TECHNIQUE

A

FECT

43
Q

PROCEDURE USED TO SCREEN FOOD HANDLERS AND OFWs

A

FECT

44
Q

RECOMMENDED SEDIMENTATION PROCEDURE BY THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

A

FECT

45
Q

PRINCIPLE IS BASED ON SPECIFIC GRAVITY

A

FECT ans ZSCT ?

46
Q

FUNCTION OF ETHER

A

EXTRACTOR OF DEBRIS AND FAT FROM FECES

47
Q

SUBSTANCE USED TO EXTRACT DEBRIS AND FAT FROM FECES

A

ETHER

48
Q

WIDELY RECOMMENDED SUBSTITURE FOR ETHER

A

ETHYL ACETATE

49
Q

ETHYL ACETATE CAN BE A SUBSTITUTE FOR WHAT SUBSTANCE

A

ETHER

50
Q

SUBSTANCE USED FOR THE SAFE RECOVERY OF
G. lamblia CYSTS
Taenia spp.
H. nana eggs

A

ETHYL ACETATE

51
Q

ETHYL ACETATE IS A SAFER EXTRACTOR FOR THE RECOVERY OF WHAT PARASITES

A

G. lamblia CYSTS
Taenia spp.
H. nana eggs

52
Q

[FECT]
AMOUNT OF TIME NEEDED EBFORE THE STOPPER IS REMOVED

A

15 TO 30 SECONDS

53
Q

[FECT]
CENTRIFUGATION SPEED AND DURATION

A

(CURRENT RECOMMENDATION)
500g
MINIMUM OF 10 MINUTES

54
Q

[FECT]
PARASITES THAT MAY NOT BE RECOVERED IF CENTRIFUGATION TIME IS LOWERED

A

COCCIDIA
MICROSPORIDIA

55
Q

[FECT]
IS TAPPING OF THE TUBE ALLOWED

A

NO
IT WILL DISTURB THE SEDIMENT

56
Q

[FECT]
EFFECT OF EXCESS ETHYL ACETATE IN THE SMEAR OF THE SEDIMENT

A

BUBBLE FORMATION

57
Q

[FECT]
CAUSE OF BUBBLE FORMATION

A

EXCESS ETHYL ACETATE IN THE SMEAR OF THE SEDIMENT

58
Q

[FECT]
USE OF IODINE

A

STAIN
ENHANCES MORPHOLOGICAL DETAIL

59
Q

[FECT]
ADVANTAGES

A

RECOVERS A BROAD RANGE OF ORGANISMS

LEAST SUBJECT TO TECHNICAL ERROR

CAN STORE SEDIMENTS FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME

EXTRACTS AND DISSOLVES FATS OR MUCOIDAL MATERIALS

60
Q

[ADVANTAGE OR DISADVANTAGE]
[FECT OR ZINC SULFATE]

EASY TO PERFORM

A

ADVANTAGE
FECT

61
Q

[ADVANTAGE OR DISADVANTAGE]
[FECT OR ZINC SULFATE]

ALLOWS RECOVERY OF THE BROADEST RANGE OF ORGANISMS

A

ADVANTAGE
FECT

62
Q

[ADVANTAGE OR DISADVANTAGE]
[FECT OR ZINC SULFATE]

LEAST SUBJECT TO TECHNICAL ERROR

A

ADVANTAGE
FECT

63
Q

DISADVANTAGES OF FECT

A

USE OF ETHER
CONTAINS MORE DEBRIS
NO PROTOZOAN TROPHOZOITES

64
Q

[ADVANTAGE OR DISADVANTAGE]
[FECT OR ZINC SULFATE]

USE OF ETHER

A

DISADVANTAGE
FECT

65
Q

[ADVANTAGE OR DISADVANTAGE]
[FECT OR ZINC SULFATE]

CONTAINS MORE DEBRIS

A

DISADVANTAGE
FECT

66
Q

[ADVANTAGE OR DISADVANTAGE]
[FECT OR ZINC SULFATE]

NO PROTOZOAN TROPHOZOITES

A

DISADVANTAGE
FECT

67
Q

ADVANTAGES OF ZINC SULFATE TECHNIQUE

A

YIELDS A CLEAR PREPARATION

68
Q

[ADVANTAGE OR DISADVANTAGE]
[FECT OR ZINC SULFATE]

YIELDS A CLEAR PREPARATION

A

ADVANTAGE
ZINC SULFATE

69
Q

DISADVANTAGES OF THE ZINC SULFATE TECHNIQUE

A

PROTOZOAN CYSTS AND THIN SHELLED HELMINTH EGGS ARE PRONE TO COLLAPSING AND DISTORTION

SOME HELMINTH EGGS DO NOT CONCENTRATE WELL

CANNOT BE USED FOR FATTY STOOL OR TOO HARD STOOL

70
Q

[ADVANTAGE OR DISADVANTAGE]
[FECT OR ZINC SULFATE]

PROTOZOAN CYSTS AND THIN SHELLED HELMINTH EGGS ARE SUBJECT TO COLLAPSE AND DISTORTION

A

DISADVANTAGE
ZINC SULFATE

71
Q

[ADVANTAGE OR DISADVANTAGE]
[FECT OR ZINC SULFATE]

SOME HELMINTH EGGS DO NOT CONCENTRATE WELL

A

DISADVANTAGE
ZINC SULFATE

ASCARIS EGGS

72
Q

[ADVANTAGE OR DISADVANTAGE]
[FECT OR ZINC SULFATE]

CANNOT BE USED FOR FATTY STOOL OR TOO HARD STOOL

A

DISADVANTAGE
ZINC SULFATE

73
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO OPERCULATED EGGS IN THE ZINC SULFATE TECHNIQUE

A

HIGH SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF ZINC SULFATE CAUSES THE OPERCULA TO POP

EGGS FILL WITH FLUID

EGGS SINK TO THE BOTTOM RATHER THAN FLOAT TO THE TOP (SURFACE FILM)

74
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO UNFERTILIZED A. lumbricoides EGGS IN THE ZINC SULFATE TECHNIQUE

A

VERY DENSE
SINK TO THE BOTTOM OF THE SOLUTION

75
Q

WHEN ARE STOOL CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUES DONE

A

IF DFS (-)
BUT S/S(+) OF AN INFECTION

76
Q

[ZINC SULFATE]
AMOUNT OF STOOL USED

A

HALF A TEASPOON OF FRESH STOOL

77
Q

[ZINC SULFATE]
VOLUME OF WATER USED

A

ABOUT 10 mL

78
Q

[ZINC SULFATE]
PARASITE THAT RUPTURES WHEN DISTILLED WATER IS ADDED

A

Blastocystis hominis

79
Q

[ZINC SULFATE]
ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION FOR DISTILLED WATER

A

0.85% NaCl
5-10% FORMALIN

80
Q

[ZINC SULFATE]
STANDING TIME FOR MIXTURE FIXATION

A

30 MINUTES

81
Q

[ZINC SULFATE]
THREE (TWO) LAYERS

A
  1. Surface Film
  2. Zinc Sulfate
  3. Sediment (Debris)
82
Q

[ZINC SULFATE]
AMOUNT OF DROPS OF THE SURFACE FILM USED

A

2 DROPS

83
Q

[ZINC SULFATE]
ALTERNATIVE INOCULATING MATERIAL USED INSTEAD OF THE LOOP

A

PASTEUR PIPETTE

84
Q

[ZINC SULFATE]
TIME LIMIT FOR REMOVING THE SURFACE FILM AFTER CENTRIFUGATION

A

WITHIN 5 MINUTES

85
Q

[ZINC SULFATE]
EFFECT OF PROLONGED SUSPENSION IN ZINC SULFATE ON PARASITES

A

COLLAPSE AND DISTORTION

86
Q

[TRUE OR FALSE]
IF ZINC SULFATE IS THE ONLY METHOD USED, BOTH THE SURFACE FILM AND THE SEDIMENT CAN BE EXAMINED

A

TRUE

87
Q

PURPOSE OF STOOL CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUE

A

AGGREGATE PARASITES PRESENT IN A SMALL VOLUME
REMOVE DEBRIS

PARASITOLOGY (5 decks)

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