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PARASITOLOGY > [LAB] Routine Stool Examination > Flashcards

[LAB] Routine Stool Examination Flashcards

1
Q

BRIGHT RED STOOL IS INDICATIVE OF WHAT

A

LOWER GIT BLEEDING
BEETS
TOMATOES
FOOD COLORING

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2
Q

USE OF FOBT

A

SUSPECTED CASES OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES

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3
Q

FOBT IS USED AS A SCREENING PROCEDURE OF

A

COLORECTAL CANCER

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4
Q

AMOUND OF BLOOD IN STOOL FOR IT TO BE CONSIDERED AS PATHOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT

A

2.5 ML
150 G

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5
Q

VERY SMALL AMOUNT OF BLOOD THAT IS NOT VISIBLE TO THE NAKED EYE

A

OCCULT BLOOD

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6
Q

HOW IS OCCULT BLOOD DETECTED

A

CHEMICAL MEANS ONLY

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7
Q

GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF FOBT

A

PSEUDOPEROXIDASE ACTIVITY

HEMOGLOBIN DECOMPOSES HYDROGEN PEROXIDE INTO WATER AND OXYGEN

LIBERATED OXYGEN OXIDIZES A CHROMOGEN INTO A COLORED PRODUCT

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8
Q

ORDER OF CHROMOGEN SENSITIVITY
MOST TO LEAST

A

BENZIDINE
O-TOLUIDINE
GUAIAC

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9
Q

PREFERRED CHROMOGEN FOR FOBT

A

GUAIAC

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10
Q

WHY IS GUAIAC PREFERRED

A

DETECTS CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT AMOUNTS OF BLOOD

DOES NOT REACT TO THE MINIMAL AMOUNT OF BLOOD NORMALLY PRESENT IN A STOOL SAMPLE

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11
Q

EXAMPLE OF A COMMERCIAL KIT FOR OCCULT BLOOD TESTING

A

HEMASCREEN LAB PACK

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12
Q

EATING THESE 3 DAYS PRIOR TO SPECIMEN COLLECTION CAUSES FALSE POSITIVE RESULTS

A

RED, RARE MEAT
HORSERADISH, MELONS, CANTALOUPE, RAW BROCOLLI

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13
Q

SUBSTANCES TO AVOID 7 DAYS PRIOR TO SPECIMEN COLLECTION TO PREVENT FALSE POSITIVES

A

ASPIRIN
NSAIDS

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14
Q

STRONG REDUCING AGENTS THAT CAUSE FALSE NEGATIVE RESULTS

A

VITAMIN C (>250 mg/day)
IRON SUPPLEMENTS

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15
Q

CAUSES OF FALSE POSITIVES

A

MENSTRUAL BLOOD
HEMORRHOID CONTAMINATION
RED MEAT
ASPIRIN
NSAIDS

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16
Q

TWO METHODS FOR MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION

A

DIRECT FECAL SMEAR
KATO THICK SMEAR

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17
Q

REAGENTS USED IN DFS

A

NORMAL SALINE SOLUTION
LUGOL’S IODINE
D’ANTONI’S IODINE SOLUTION
BUFFERED METHYLENE BLUE

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18
Q

STORAGE CONTAINER OF D’ANTONI’S IODINE SOLUTION

A

AMBER
GLASS-STOPPERED OR SCREW CAPPED BOTTLE
ROOM TEMPERATURE

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19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
LIGHT INFECTIONS CANNOT BE DETECTED IN DFS

A

TRUE

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20
Q

WHAT KIND OF MOUNT IS USED FOR DETECTING MOTILE TROPHOZOITES

A

SALINE MOUNTS

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21
Q

WHAT ARE PROTOZOAN CYSTS DEMONSTRATED AS IN DFS

A

REFRACTILE BODIES

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22
Q

STAINING COLOR OF CYTOPLASM IN DFS

A

YELLOW

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23
Q

SOLUTIONS STORED IN AMBER BOTTLES

A

LUGOL’S IODINE
D’ ANTONI’S IODINE SOLUTION

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24
Q

DILUTING RATION IN LUGOL’S IODINE

A

1:5
LUGOL’S IODINE TO DISTILLED WATER

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25
Q

SOLUTION STORED IN CLEAR BOTTLES

A

NORMAL SALINE SOLUTION

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26
Q

WHO INTRODUCED THE KATO THICK SMEAR

A

KATO AND MIURA IN 1954

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27
Q

AMOUNT OF STOOL NEEDED IN KTS

A

ABOUT 50 MG STOOL
SIZE OF 2 MONGGO BEANS

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28
Q

KTS CLEARING SOLUTION

A

GLYCEROL

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29
Q

COLORING SOLUTION IN KTS

A

MALACHITE GREEEN

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30
Q

OTHER NAME OF KTS

A

CELLOPHANE-COVERED THICK SMEAR

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31
Q

SIZE OF CELLOPHANE STRIP

A

22x30 mm

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32
Q

SOAKING SOLUTION FOR CELLOPHANE IN KTS

A

GLYCEROL-MALACHITE GREEN SOLUTION

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33
Q

FOR HOW LONG IS THE CELLOPHANE STRIP SOAKED IN GMG SOLUTION

A

24 HOURS PRIOR TO USE

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34
Q

HOW LONG IS THE CELLOPHANE AND MALACHITE GREEN PREPARATION LEFT BEFORE EXAMINATION

A

20-30 MINUTES AT ROOM TEMPERATRURE

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35
Q

TIME LIMIT FOR KTS EXAMINATION

A

1 HOUR AFTER PREPARATION

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36
Q

METHOD USED FOR MASS SURVEY

A

KTS

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37
Q

METHOD THAT IS GOOD AT DETECTING EGGS WITH THICK SHELLS

A

KTS

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38
Q

LIMITATION OF KTS

A

NOT USED FOR PROTOZOA OR HELMINTH LARVAE

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39
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
SLOUGHING

A

EPITHELIAL CELLS

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40
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
INCREASED IN BOWEL INFLAMMATION

A

EPITHELIAL CELLS

41
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
FOUND IN ALL STAGES OF DISINTEGRATION

A

EPITHELIAL CELLS

42
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
GHOST CELLS

A

MACROPHAGES

43
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
MISTAKEN FOR AMOEBIC TROPHOZOITES

A

MACROPHAGES

44
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
FALSE KARYOSOME

A

LEUKOCYTES

45
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
MIMIC AMOEBIC CYSTS

A

LEUKOCYTES

46
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
DUE TO LESIONS OR ULCERATIONS

A

ERYTHROCYTES

47
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
COFFIN LID

A

TRIPLE PHOSPHATE

48
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
OCTAHEDRAL ENVELOPE

A

CALCIUM OXALATE

49
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
FORMED BY OXACILIC ACID

A

CALCIUM OXALATE

50
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
NEEDLES

A

FATTY ACID

51
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
GLOBULES

A

OILS

52
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
CIRCULAR RINGS

A

OILS

53
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
DUE TO HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS

A

CHARCOT LEYDEN CRYSTALS

54
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
DUE TO ULCERS

A

CHARCOT LEYDEN CRYSTALS

55
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
DUE TO INTESTINAL HEMMORHAGE

A

HEMATOIDIN

56
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
RETICULATED MARKINGS

A

VEGGIE SPIRALS

57
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
COME FROM THE VEINS OF LEAFY VEGETABLES

A

VEGGIE SPIRALS

58
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
CELLULOSE SHELLS

A

VEGGIE CELLS

59
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
CHLOROPHYLL BODIES

A

VEGGIE CELLS

60
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
HONEYCOMB

A

CELLULOSE

61
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
HOMOGENOUS AND HIGHLY REFRACTIVE

A

VEGGIE HAIRS

62
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
IRREGULAR, OVAL
APPEARS YELLOW

A

MUSCLE FIBERS
YELLOW — PARTIALLY DIGESTED

63
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
POORLY DEFINED EDGES

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

64
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
INDEFINITE LONGITUDINAL STRIATIONS

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

65
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
BECOME GELATINOUS WITH GLACIAL ACETIC ACID

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

66
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
BRANCHES DO NOT SWELL BUT BECOME MORE DISTINCT IN ACETIC ACID

A

ELASTIC TISSUE

67
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
TURNS VIOLET IN IODINE SOLUTION

A

STARCH GRANULES

68
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
IRREGULAR, ROUGH INDENTATIONS

A

STARCH GRANULES

69
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
WHITISH OR GRAYISH-YELLOW IN COLOR

A

STARCH GRANULES

70
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
CONSTITUTE 1/3 OF THE WEIGHT OF FECES

A

BACTERIA

71
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
APPEARANCE OF MOLDS IN FECES

A

MYCELIAL FORMS
ARTHROSPORES

72
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
CONTAMINATION FROM UNCLEAN VESSELS OR AIR

A

YEASTS AND MOLDS

73
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
RESULTS FROM INGESTION OR INHALATION

A

POLLEN GRAINS

74
Q

[FORMED ELEMENTS]
TYPES DEPEND ON GEOGRAPHICAL AREA AND LOCAL DIET

A

POLLEN GRAINS

75
Q

THE PRESENCE OF BLOOD AND/OR MUCUS IN STOOL SAMPLES SUGGEST THE PRESENCE OF WHAT CLINICAL CONDITION

A

AMOEBIC ULCERATIONS

76
Q

BLACK/TARRY STOOL IS INDICATIVE OF WHAT

A

UPPER GIT BLEEDING
IRON THERAPY
ANTIDIARRHEAL COMPOUNDS (CHARCOAL AND BISMUTH)

77
Q

WHITE/GRAY STOOL IS INDICATIVE OF WHAT

A

BILE DUCT OBSTRUCTION
BRAIUM SULFATE USED IN X RAY EXAMS
STEATORRHEA
MILK

78
Q

BLUE OR GREE STOOL IS INDICATIVE OF WHAT

A

GREEN VERGETABLE CONSUMPTION
ORAL ANTIBIOTICS

79
Q

EXCRETION OF BLOOD IN STOOL IS CALLED

A

MELENA

80
Q

IN WHAT KIND OF STOOL CONSISTENCY CAN YOU FIND THE TROPHOZOITE FORM OF PROTOZOANS

A

LIQUID OR WATER
SOFT

81
Q

IN WHAT KIND OF STOOL CONSISTENCY CAN YOU FIND THE CYST FORM OF PROTOZOANS

A

FORMED
SEMI-FORMED

82
Q

MUCUS IN STOOL IS INDICATIVE OF WHAT CONDITION

A

INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION

83
Q

BLOOD IN STOOL IS INDICATIVE OF WHAT CONDITION

A

GIT BLEEDING

84
Q

WHAT IS THE ORDER OF EXAMINATION WHEN MULTIPLE KINDS OF STOOL SAMPLES ARE GIVEN

A

MUCOUS/BLOODY > LIQUID > FORMED

85
Q

[EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE]
STAINS THE CYST OF AMOEBA AND OTHER PROTOZOA

A

DIRECT WET FILM
IODINT WET MOUNT

86
Q

[EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE]
REVEALS DETAILS OF THE PARASITES

A

DIRECT WET FILM
IODINT WET MOUNT

87
Q

[EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE]
RAPIDLY KILLS TROPHOZOITES

A

DIRECT WET FILM
IODINT WET MOUNT

88
Q

[EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE]
STAINS USED — GRAM’S IODINE LUGOL’S SOLUTION D’ANTONI’S IODINE

A

DIRECT WET FILM
IODINT WET MOUNT

89
Q

[EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE]
STAINS USED IN THE IODINE WET MOUNT METHOD

A

GRAM’S IODINE LUGOL’S SOLUTION D’ANTONI’S IODINE

90
Q

[EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE]
PREFERRED STAIN IN IODINE WET MOUNT

A

D’ANTONI’S IODINE

91
Q

[EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE]
MOST APPROPRIATE FOR IMMEDIATE EXAMINATION OF FECAL SAMPLES WITH BLOOD AND MUCUS

A

DIRECT WET FILM
SALINE WET MOUNT

92
Q

[EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE]
PREFERABLE FOR STUDYING THE MICROORGANISM IN THEIR MOTILE FORM

A

DIRECT WET FILM
SALINE WET MOUNT

93
Q

[EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE]
PREPARED WHEN AMOEBIC TROPHOZOITES ARE SEEN IN NSS WET MOUNT

A

DIRECT WET FILM
BUFFERED METHYLENE BLUE

94
Q

[EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE]
DOES NOT STAIN AMOEBIC CYSTS, FLAGELLATE TROPHOZOITES, AND FLAGELLATE CYSTS

A

DIRECT WET FILM
BUFFERED METHYLENE BLUE

95
Q

[EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE]
STAINS LIVE ORGANISMS ONLY

A

DIRECT WET FILM
BUFFERED METHYLENE BLUE

96
Q

[EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE] EXAMINATION OF INTESTINAL HELMINTHS AND INTESTINAL SCHISTOSOMES

A

KATO THICK SMEARK
KATO KATZ TECHNIQUE

97
Q

CELLOPHANE SOLUTION OF KATO KATZ TECHNIQUE

A

100 mL GLYCERINE
100 mL DISTILLED WATER
3% AQUEOUS MALACHITE GREEN

98
Q

FUNCTION OF MALACHITE GREEN

A

GIVES COLOR TO CELLOPHANE
LESSENS BRIGHTNESS

PARASITOLOGY (5 decks)

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