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Neuro > Lab Section 6 > Flashcards

Lab Section 6 Flashcards

1
Q

where do axons in the basis of the pons go?

A

to the middle cerebellar peduncle

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2
Q

which cranial nerves can be seen on the pons?

A

CN 5- CN 8

although 8 is typically considered as part of the medulla

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3
Q

where can CN 7-5 be located?

A

7: just medial to the vestibulocochlear nerve at the pontine medullary junction
6: in the PM junction medially
5: piercing the middle cerebellar peduncle in the middle of the pons

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4
Q

what does the superior cerebellar peduncle carry?

A

axons from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the brainstem and the forebrain

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5
Q

what lies deep to the two vestibular areas? what are they located inferior to?

A

the vestibular nuclei

inferior to the facial colliculi

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6
Q

what is deep to the facial colliculus?

A

the abducens nucleus and motor axons from the facial nucleus that loop over the abducens nucleus prior to exiting

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7
Q

what are the three markers of transition from the medulla to the pons?

A

pyramids disappear and are replaced by the striated basis of the pons
vestibular nuclei
blending of ICP with the white matter of the cerebellum

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8
Q

what structures appear at all levels of the pons?

A

middle cerebellar peduncle, pontine nuclei, superior cerebellar peduncle and the pontine reticular formation

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9
Q

what is the genu of the facial nerve?

A

the portion that curves around the abducens nucleus

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10
Q

where does the spinal nucleus of CN 5 extend to?

A

the level of the facial colliculus

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11
Q

what do the raphe nuclei neurons secrete use as neurotransmitters and what do they modulate?

A

serotonin

modulate responses of the hypothalamic and cerebral neurons

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12
Q

what are noradrenergic neurons within the pons involved with? name one group of these neurons.

A

autonomic reflexes and pain sensation

Locus Ceruleus

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13
Q

where do the auditory fibers travel through and cross in, post cochlear nuclei?

A

the trapezoid body (around the area of the medial lemniscus)

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14
Q

where do many of the axons of the trapezoid body terminate? where do they go after that?

A

in the superior olive

lateral lemniscus

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15
Q

where does the lateral lemniscus terminate?

A

in the inferior colliculus

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16
Q

what component of CN 5 controls the jaw? which portion processes epicritic information? which portion processes proprioceptive information?

A

motor nucleus of 5
Principal sensory nucleus of 5 and pontine portion of the spinal nucleus of 5
mesencephalic nucleus of 5

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17
Q

where do axons from the mesencephalic tract of 5 go?

A

they synapse with the motor nucleus of 5 > reticular formation > cerebellum

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18
Q

where doe sthe medial lemniscus shift in the pons?

A

shifts further laterally and dorsally while moving more rostrally in the pons and midbrain

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19
Q

what information synapses in the periaqueductal gray matter of the midbrain?

A

pain and temperature information from the anterolateral system

20
Q

what does the medial longitudinal fasciculus connect?

A

the superior colliculus, vestibular nuclei, cranial nerve nuclei 3,4 and 6, and the cervical spinal cord

21
Q

what does desctruction of the MLF in the pons cause?

A

horizontal nystagmus and loss of conjugate horizontal eye movements (internuclear opthalmoplegia)

22
Q

what is normal when the MLF is damaged?

A

convergence of the two eyes

23
Q

what does the PPRF do?

A

coordinates conjugate horizontal eye movements

24
Q

what are the three predominant outputs for the vestibular nuclei?

A

the cranial nerve nuclei that move the eyes (MLF)
spinal cord to maintain posture
cerebellum (ICP)- balance and reflexive eye movements

25
Q

what are the symptoms of vestibular nuclei damage?

A

nystagmus, balance loss, vertigo and nauseousness

26
Q

in what way can pathology of CN VII lead to eye damage?

A

inability to close the eye and loss of PNS control of the lacrimal glands

27
Q

describe the mechanism of the corneal reflex.

A

CN V receives noxious input from the irritation to the cornea and CN VII closes the eye

28
Q

which nerve or nucleus would be damaged with internal strabismus?

A

abducens nucleus (CN VI)

29
Q

where do most axons from the spinal nucleus of V terminate?

A

in the reticular formation

30
Q

what does epicritic information from the CN V nucleus travel with?

A

epicritic sensation from the rest of the body in the medial lemniscus

31
Q

what are the origins and terminations of axons in the inferior cerebellar peduncle? what kind of information does it include?

A

spinal cord and medulla > cerebellum

proprioceptive information from the body mostly

32
Q

what three tracts input to the cerebellum via the ICP?

A

spinocerebellar tracts
inferior olivary complex
vestibular nucleus

33
Q

from where does the inferior olive receive input?

A

from the cerebral cortex, the red nucleus and from the spinal cord

34
Q

what are the origins and terminations of axons in the middle cerebellar peduncle?

A

carries info from the pons (pontine nuclei) to the cerebellum

35
Q

what are the origins and terminations of axons in the superior cerebellar peduncle?

A

carries info from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the tegmentum of the pons right below the inferior colliculus

36
Q

what happens to the axons immediately after they leave the superior cerebellar peduncle?

A

they decussate at the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle

37
Q

what are the targets of axons from the superior cerebellar peduncle?

A

areas of pontine reticular formation
red nucleus
VA and VL nuclei

38
Q

what are the four deep cerebellar nuclei?

A

the fastigial, globose, embolliform and dentate nuclei

39
Q

where do the deep cerebellar nuclei receive most of their input from?

A

the cerebellar cortex

40
Q

where do the medial pair of deep cerebellar nuclei receive most of their input from?

A

from axial related structures like the vestibular nuclei and reticular formation

41
Q

where do the lateral pair of deep cerebellar nuclei receive most of their input from?

A

related to distal limb control

42
Q

midline pathology of the cerebellum affects which muscles? lateral pathology?

A

axial muscles-affect balance

limb movement

43
Q

what is ataxia?

A

difficulty in making coordinated movements not attributable to paralysis

44
Q

disturbance of balance is a symptom of damage of what cerebellar structures?

A

vermis or flocculus

45
Q

T or F: hypotonia is not a common symptom of cerebellar damage.

A

False

46
Q

which three symptoms may result from either vestibular or cerebellar pathology?

A

disturbance in posture, disturbance in balance and nystagmus

Neuro (8 decks)

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