Lab Safety Flashcards
OSHA
Occupational Safety and health act
RA 11058
Occupational Safety and health standards
Their goal is to provide all employees with a safe work environment.
Conduct an on site inspection to determine if employer is complying with mandatory standards
OSHA
A standard that applies to all exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials in any occupational setting
Blood borne pathogens CFR 29 1910.1030
mandates the development of an exposure control plan
HBV vaccination or formal declination within 10 days of assuming duties that present exposure
Procedure for postexposure medical evaluation, counseling, and recommended testing for postexposure prophylaxis
Bloodborne pathogens
All human blood, tissue and most fluids are treated as if known to be infectiousfor HIHIV, V, HBV and other blood borne pathogens
Universal precaution
Intended to ensure that the hazards of all chemicals used in the workplace have been
evaluated and that this hazard information is successfully transmitted to employers and their employees who use the substances.• OSHA “HazCom Standard”
Hazard Communication [29 CFR 1910.1200]
Provides guidance for evaluating and
communication identified hazards through Proper labeling
Employee education
Development and use of Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDSs)
Intended to address shortcomings ofthe HazCom appointment of a CHEMICAL HYGIENE OFFICER and development of CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN
Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratory(29 CFR 1920. 1450)
EMPLOYERS RESPONSIBILITIES
– Establish lab work methods and safety policies
– Provide supervision and guidance to employees
– Provide safety information, training, personal protective equipment, and medicalsurveillance to employees
– Provide and maintain equipment in the laboratory facilities that are adequate for the task required
EMPLOYEES RESPONSIBILITY
• Know and comply with the established lab work safety methods
• Have positive attitude towards supervisors, coworker, facilities and safety trainings
• Give prompt notification of unsafe conditions or practices to the immediate supervisor to ensure that unsafe conditions and practices are corrected
• Engage in the conduct of safe work practices anduse of personal protective equipment
Health hazard
4 - Deadly
3 - Extreme Danger
2 - Hazardous
1 - Slightly Hazardous
0 - Normal material
Fire hazard
4 - Below 73°F
3 - Below 100° F
2 - Between 100° F and 200°F
1 - Above 200°F
0 - Will not burn
Reactivity
4 - May detonate
3 - Shock/Heat may detonate
2 - Violent Chemical change
1 - Unstable if heated
0 - Stable
Specific Hazard
ACID
ALK
COR
OXY
☢️
W
ACID - Acid
ALK - alkaline
COR - Corrosive
OXY - Oxidiser
☢️ - Radioactive
W- - use no water
Safety equipment
Safety showers
Eyewash station
Blanket
Spill kit
First aid supply
– Expel noxious and hazardous fumes from chemical reagents– Inspect for blockage– Never operate with sash fully opened– Chemicals should not lock airflow– Face Velocity (with sash in normal operating position)- must be 100 to 120 ft/min– Smoke testing is recommended
FUME HOODS
Biohazard hoods remove particles that maybe harmful to the employee who is working with infective biologic specimens
Biosafety cabinet
Biosafety cabinet that has an airfloe pattern in at front rear and top through HEPA filter and no radionuclides/toxic chemicals and applied to biosafety level 2 and 3 with no product protection
Bsc class 1 open front
Biosafety cabinet that has an airflow pattern of 70% recicculated through HEPA and no radionuclides/toxic chemicals and applied to biosafety level 2 and 3 and with product protection
BSC level2 type a
Chemical storage equipment
Biosafety cabinet that has an airfloe pattern in at front rear and top through HEPA filter and no radionuclides/toxic chemicals and applied to biosafety level 2 and 3 with no product protection
Explosion proof refrigerators should be used to store flammable materials
• Gas cylinder supports should be used at all times
• Large tanks should be transported using handcarts
PPE
Safety glasses
Goggles
Visors
Workshields
Contact lenses are not recommended to be worn
Lab coats
Gloves- polyvinyl/nitrile
Respirators
Proper footwear
Biologic safety
Hand washing is important component of infection control
• Centrifugation of biological specimen produces finely disperse aerosols that are high-risk source of infection.
– SPECIMENS SHOULD REMAIN CAPPED DURING CENTRIFUGATION
Spills
Wear appropriate protective equipment• Use mechanical devices to pick up broken glass or other sharp objects• Absorb the spill with paper towel, gauze pads or tissue• Clean spill site using a common aqueous detergent• Disinfect the spill site using approved disinfectant or 10% bleach, using appropriate contact time• Rinse the spill site with water• Dispose materials in appropriate biohazard containers
Blood borne pathogens
Exposure control plan
Universal/standard precaution
Airborne pathigen
29 cfr 1910.1035
Tuberculosis issued by OSHA
-TB control plan
-TB isolation areas
-healthcare workers considered to be at risk must be screened for TB infection
Shipping
Department of Transportation (DOT)
International Air Transport Association (IATA)- D
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Dangerous goods regulations
2 types of specimen
- Infectious substance
• Must be properly labeled infectious if the pathogen can be
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readily transmitted to human or animals and there is no effective treatment available
- Diagnostic specimens
• Tested as routine screening or for initial diagnosis.
• Major source of safety information for employees who may use hazardous material in their occupation• Must be printed in English and provide thespecific compound identity, together withall common names.
MSDS-Material safety data sheet
Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals AKA _______________ provide laboratories with specific guidelines for handling hazardous chemicals.
Laboratory standard
OSHA Laboratory Standard Requires each laboratory that uses hazardous chemicals to have
CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN
It pose a physical or health hazard from acute or chronicexposure
Hazardous chemicals
substance that affect cellular development of the embryo
Teratogens
MERCURY-
poisonous vapors
Highly volatile and toxic is rapidlyabsorbed through the skin and respiratorytract.
Mercury spill kits should be available inareas where mercury thermometer are used.
temperature at which sufficient vaporis given off to form ignitable mixture with
FLASH POINT
has a flash point below 37 ̊8andcombustible liquids.
Flammable liquid
Have a flash point at or above 37.8°c
Combustible liquids
Commonly used flammable and combustible solvent
• Acetone• Benzene• Ethanol• Heptane• Isopropanol• Methanol• Toluene• Xylene
Commonly used flammable and combustible solvent
• Acetone• Benzene• Ethanol• Heptane• Isopropanol• Methanol• Toluene• Xylene
Flammable/combustible chemicals gases & solid
Solid-paraffin
Gases- hydrogen
Injurious to the skin or eyes by direct contact or to the tissue of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts if inhaled or ingested.
Corrosive chemicals
• Substance that, under certain conditions, can spontaneously explode or ignite or that evolve heat or flame or explosive gases
Reactive matter
EXOTHERMIC REACTION
strong acids and bases react with water to
generate heat
Hydrogen is liberated if _________ are mixed with water or acids, and
spontaneous combustion may occur.
alkali metals (sodium orpotassium)
The mixture of __________, such asperoxides, and ____________, such as hydrogen, generate heat and maybe explosive.
oxidizing agents
reducing agents
– substance that have been determined to be cancer-causing agents.
CARCINOGENS
Chemical Spills
• Evacuate /assist personnel• Confinement and clean up• Spill kit for neutralizing andabsorbing spills chemical solutions• No single kit is suitable for all types of spills.
RADIATION SAFETY
• Environmental Safety• Personal protection• Nonionizing Radiation
All areas where radioactive material are used and stored must be posted with caution signs, should be restricted to essential personnel only.• Record quantity radioactive material (on hand and disposed
Environmental Protection
Provides license which is required if the total amount of radioactive material exceeds a certain level.
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION(NRC)
must be evaluated regularly to detect degree of exposure for the lab employee.
Radiation monitor
Personal protection Records must be maintained for the length of employment plus __ years.
30 years
Equipment often emits a variety of wavelengths or electromagneticradiation that must be protected against through engineered shielding or use ofPPE.
Nonionizing Radiation
Classification of fires
Class A• Ordinary combustible solid materials– (wood, plastic, paper and fabric.)
• Class B• Flammable liquids/gases and combustible petroleumproducts
• Class C• Energized electric equipment
• Class D• Combustible/ reactive metals (magnesium, sodium,potassium)
P. A. S. S.
Pull
Aim
Squeeze
Sweep
R. A. C. E.
Rescue
Alarm
Contain
Extinguish
Electric Hazards
• Direct hazard– can result in death, shock or burns
• Indirect hazards– can result in fire or explosion
Compressed Gases Hazard
• Danger of fire , explosion, asphyxiation ormechanical injuries.• Handling compressed gas requirements•••••• Know the gas that you will use• Store tanks in a vertical position• Keep cylinder secured at all times• Never store flammable liquids and compressed gases in the same area.• Use the proper regulator for the type of gas in use.• Do not attempt to control or shut off gas flow with the cylinder in use.• Make certain that acetylene tanks are properly piped (the gas is incompatible with copper tubing)Do not force a ”frozen” or stuck cylinder valve Use a hand truck to transport large tanksAlways check tanks on receipt and then periodically for any problems such as leaks.Make certain that the cylinder is properly labeled to identify the contents.Empty tanks should be marked “empty”
Cryogenic Material Hazards
Liquid nitrogen- one of the most widely used cryogenicfluids (liquid gases) in laboratory.• Hazards associated with cryogenic material• Fire or explosion• Asphyxiation• Pressure buildup• Embrittlement of materials• Tissue damage similar to that of thermal burns• Use only containers with materials designed to withstand ultralow temperatures should beused for cryo• genic work.With eye/face protection, hand protection to guard against the hazards of touching super cooled
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surfaces is re• commended.Gloves of impermeable material, should fit loosely so that they can be taken off quickly if
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liquid spills o• n or into them.Specimens to be frozen should always be inserted into the coolant very slowly to minimize boiling/ frothing and splashing.• Cryogenic fluids should be stored in well-insulated but loosely stoppered containers that minimizes loss of fluid resulting from evaporation by boiling off and that prevent plugging and pressure build up.
Mechanical hazard
• Centrifuge• Must be balance to distribute the load equally.• Never open the lid until the rotor has come tocomplete stop• Safety lock must be functional.• Glasswares• Glass beads should be added to help eliminate bumping/ boiling over when liquids areheated.• Tongs and gloves• Should be used to remove hot glasswares fromovens, hot plates, or water baths.
• Glass pipets• Should be handled with extra care, as should sharp instruments such as cork borers, needles, scalpers blades, and other tools.• Glassware inspection• Infectious sharps must be disposed in OSHAapproved containers to reduce the risk of injury and infection.
Ergonomic Hazards
• workplace conditions that pose the risk of injury to the musculoskeletal system of the worker• Physical actions in laboratory can contribute to the repetitive strain disorders such as tenosynovitis, bursitis and ganglion cysts.• Factors associated with repetitive strain disorder• Position/ posture• Applied force• Frequency of repetition
• Chronic symptoms of pain, numbnessor tingling in extremities may indicatethe onset of repetitive disorders.• Proper Body Mechanics :– Lift objects properly keeping load close tothe body and using the muscles of the legsrather than the back.
• 4 BASIC WASTE DISPOSALTECHNIQUES
– 1. Flushing down the drain to thesewer system– 2. Incineration– 3. Landfill burial– 4. Recycling.
Strong acid or bases should be _____? before disposal.• Explosives and carcinogenic hazardous substance should be _______? to less hazardous form
neutralized
Transformed
• If unsuitable for incineration must be buried in a landfill.
Solid chemical waste
• Must be collected in approved containers and segregates into compatible classes
Flammable solvent
may be filtered or redistilled. If not feasible, disposal arrangements should be made by specifically trained personnel.
Xylene and acetone
Is Sodium azide can be disposed down the drain?
No, Foul smelling chemicals should never be disposed of down the drain.
Sodium azide, which is use as a preservative, forms explosive salts with metals.
Radioactive waste Disposal is regulated by
NRC
Charge the environmental protection agencywith the responsibility to establish a program totrack medical waste from generation to disposal
• Define medical waste
• Establish acceptable techniques for treatmentand disposal
• Establish a department with jurisdiction toenforce the new laws.
The Medical Waste Tracking Act of 1988
Special waste from health care facilities.• Solid waste that, if improperly treated orhandles, “may transmit infectious diseases”• Animal waste, bulk blood and bulkproducts, microbiologic waste, pathologicwaste, and sharps
Medical Waste
Employers are required to maintain records ofoccupational injuries and illness for the lengthof employment for?
• First report of injury
» Info about employer and injured person, time and place,cause nature of injury
• Accident investigation report
» Desciption of what happened, cause (environmental or personal), witnesses, nature of the injury, actions to be taken to prevent recurrence
• Annual summary that is recorded on an OSHA injury and illness log
Underlying causes of accidents
- Environmental (unsafe condition)
Adequate safeguards
• Use of improper or defective equipment
• Hazard associated with the location
• Poor housekeeping - Personal (unsafe act)
• Improper laboratory attire
• Lack of skills or knowledge
• Specific physical or mental condition
• attitude
___________, such as blood or blood products and contaminated laboratory wastes, cannot be directly discarded.
Potentially biohazardous material
