Lab ?'s Flashcards
Describe the concept of parietal, visceral, and connecting peritoneum
Parietal: lines the internal surface of abdominal wall
visceral: covers the external surface of most abdominal organs, including stomach, liver, and intestines
connecting: folds and double layers of the peritoneum that connect visceral and parietal
What organs live in the abdominal and peritoneal cavity?
abdominal: stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small and large intestine, kidney
peritoneal:
-intraperitoneal organs: completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum (stomach, spleen, transverse colon, ileum, jejunum)
-retroperitoneal: lie outside the peritoneum (kidneys, pancreas, duodenum, ascending and descending colon, rectum)
What do you understand about peritoneal, retroperitoneal, and intraperitoneal organs?
peritoneal= GI tract
retroperitoneal= kidney, pancreas
intraperitoneal= spleen, small intestine, transverse colon
Where are the major and minor duodenal papillae located? what ducts open in those papillae?
both in descending duodenum
major= opening for bile and pancreatic ducts
minor= opening for accessory pancreatic ducts
what organs are contained within the mesodueodenum?
duodenum, liver, right kidney, cecum
define mesenterium and root of the mesenterium. where are they located?
mesenterium: double layered fold of peritoneum, attaches the intestines to posterior abdominal wall, keeps intestines in place, supports pathway for blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics
root: portion of mesentery that attaches to posterior abdominal wall, located in umbilical region
name the organs that form impressions in the visceral face of the liver
stomach, intestines, gallbladder, right kidney
describe the topographical locations of the liver according to the abdominal quadrants and with the 9 abdominal regions
quadrants: upper right quadrant
region: left and right hypochondrium and xiphoid
where can you find the hepatic veins
originates from hilus of liver
drains into the inferior vena cava
what remnant of the embryological structure can you find within the falciform lig
umbilical v
which is the main pancreatic duct in dogs and cats
accessory pancreatic in dogs
pancreatic duct in cats
indicate where the spleen is located in the abdomen, and what portion is more mobile?
located in left hypochondrium and flank
situated between 9th and 11th ribs on left side
hilus of spleen is most mobile, mobility facilitated by gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligg
explain the relationship of the spleen and stomach and how that can affect the position of the spleen
spleen lies behind and above the stomach, extending toward the left side of the abdomen
position and mobility of spleen and be influenced by fullness of stomach
describe the peritenum mentioning its landmarks in female and male
female=region between vulva and anus
-urogenital triangle: contains external genitalia including clitoris, urethral opening, and vaginal opening
-anal triangle: contains anus
male= region between scrotum and anus
-urogenital triangle: contains base of penis and scrotum
-anal triangle: contains anus
describe the tissues that are part of the structure known as the pelvic diaphragm: deep peritoneal fascia, coccygeous m, and levator ani m
deep peritoneal fascia: fibrous layer of c.t that provides support to the urogenital region
coccygenous m: provide additonal support to the pelvic organs and contributes to the structure of the pelvic diaphragm
levator ani m: main muscles of pelvic diaphragm, help to support the pelvic viscera and maintain continence
what are the most probable organs that could be affected by penetrating object in the abdomen in each of the nine zones/ quadrants
right hypochondrium: right liver lobes
xiphoid: body of stomach, left lobe pancreas
left hypochondrium: spleen, left lobes of liver
right flank: ascending colon
umbilical: transverse colon
left flank: descending colon, left kidney
right and left inguinal: spermatic cord/ vaginal process
pubic: urinary bladder, uterus
what vessels and nerves run with the mesovarium?
ovarian a, v and n run with mesovarium
ovarian a: orginate from abdominal aorta
supplies ovaries
ovarian v: drain deoxygenated blood from ovaries
right drains into inferior vena cava, left drains into left renal v
what vessels and nerves run with the mesometrium?
uterine a, v and nerve
what organs/ structures run through renal hilus?
renal arteries, renal veins, and renal pelvis
what is the difference between renal capsule and renal adipose capsule?
renal capsule: tough fibrous layer that directly surrounds the outer surface of kidney. serves as a protective barrier to maintain shape and integrity of the kidney. protects kidneys from trauma and injury
renal adipose capsule: surrounds renal capsule and kidney. helps to anchor the kidney in place and protects it from mechanical shocks and injury. provides insulation and padding to the kidney
what do you understand by renal pelvis and recesses?
renal pelvis: acts as funnel by collecting urine produced by kidney and delivering to ureter so it can be excreted
pelvis recesses: small pouch-like space within renal sinus that can sometimes collect urine or debris, contains renal pelvis, blood vessels, nerves and adipose tissue
what is the location of an empty bladder and a full bladder?
empty= pubic
full= umbilical
what ovary would be deeper in location for a spay?
right ovary is deeper
ovaries sit under kidneys and right kidney is deeper
why would it be important to remember the relationship between the urinary bladder and the uterus during a spay?
urinary bladder is on top of the uterus, so it would need to be moved out of the way during a spay
what is the action of the cremaster muscle?
retracts the testes, like a reflex
what are efferent ductules and what is connected by these ductules
located in the testes
connection between rete testis and head of epididymis
what lig should be cut during castration
lig of tail of epididymis
