Lab ?'s

Question 1

Describe the concept of parietal, visceral, and connecting peritoneum

Answer 1

Parietal: lines the internal surface of abdominal wall
visceral: covers the external surface of most abdominal organs, including stomach, liver, and intestines
connecting: folds and double layers of the peritoneum that connect visceral and parietal

Question 2

What organs live in the abdominal and peritoneal cavity?

Answer 2

abdominal: stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small and large intestine, kidney
peritoneal:
-intraperitoneal organs: completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum (stomach, spleen, transverse colon, ileum, jejunum)
-retroperitoneal: lie outside the peritoneum (kidneys, pancreas, duodenum, ascending and descending colon, rectum)

Question 3

What do you understand about peritoneal, retroperitoneal, and intraperitoneal organs?

Answer 3

peritoneal= GI tract
retroperitoneal= kidney, pancreas
intraperitoneal= spleen, small intestine, transverse colon

Question 4

Where are the major and minor duodenal papillae located? what ducts open in those papillae?

Answer 4

both in descending duodenum
major= opening for bile and pancreatic ducts
minor= opening for accessory pancreatic ducts

Question 5

what organs are contained within the mesodueodenum?

Answer 5

duodenum, liver, right kidney, cecum

Question 6

define mesenterium and root of the mesenterium. where are they located?

Answer 6

mesenterium: double layered fold of peritoneum, attaches the intestines to posterior abdominal wall, keeps intestines in place, supports pathway for blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics
root: portion of mesentery that attaches to posterior abdominal wall, located in umbilical region

Question 7

name the organs that form impressions in the visceral face of the liver

Answer 7

stomach, intestines, gallbladder, right kidney

Question 8

describe the topographical locations of the liver according to the abdominal quadrants and with the 9 abdominal regions

Answer 8

quadrants: upper right quadrant
region: left and right hypochondrium and xiphoid

Question 9

where can you find the hepatic veins

Answer 9

originates from hilus of liver
drains into the inferior vena cava

Question 10

what remnant of the embryological structure can you find within the falciform lig

Answer 10

umbilical v

Question 11

which is the main pancreatic duct in dogs and cats

Answer 11

accessory pancreatic in dogs
pancreatic duct in cats

Question 12

indicate where the spleen is located in the abdomen, and what portion is more mobile?

Answer 12

located in left hypochondrium and flank
situated between 9th and 11th ribs on left side
hilus of spleen is most mobile, mobility facilitated by gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligg

Question 13

explain the relationship of the spleen and stomach and how that can affect the position of the spleen

Answer 13

spleen lies behind and above the stomach, extending toward the left side of the abdomen
position and mobility of spleen and be influenced by fullness of stomach

Question 14

describe the peritenum mentioning its landmarks in female and male

Answer 14

female=region between vulva and anus
-urogenital triangle: contains external genitalia including clitoris, urethral opening, and vaginal opening
-anal triangle: contains anus
male= region between scrotum and anus
-urogenital triangle: contains base of penis and scrotum
-anal triangle: contains anus

Question 15

describe the tissues that are part of the structure known as the pelvic diaphragm: deep peritoneal fascia, coccygeous m, and levator ani m

Answer 15

deep peritoneal fascia: fibrous layer of c.t that provides support to the urogenital region
coccygenous m: provide additonal support to the pelvic organs and contributes to the structure of the pelvic diaphragm
levator ani m: main muscles of pelvic diaphragm, help to support the pelvic viscera and maintain continence

Question 16

what are the most probable organs that could be affected by penetrating object in the abdomen in each of the nine zones/ quadrants

Answer 16

right hypochondrium: right liver lobes
xiphoid: body of stomach, left lobe pancreas
left hypochondrium: spleen, left lobes of liver
right flank: ascending colon
umbilical: transverse colon
left flank: descending colon, left kidney
right and left inguinal: spermatic cord/ vaginal process
pubic: urinary bladder, uterus

Question 17

what vessels and nerves run with the mesovarium?

Answer 17

ovarian a, v and n run with mesovarium
ovarian a: orginate from abdominal aorta
supplies ovaries
ovarian v: drain deoxygenated blood from ovaries
right drains into inferior vena cava, left drains into left renal v

Question 18

what vessels and nerves run with the mesometrium?

Answer 18

uterine a, v and nerve

Question 19

what organs/ structures run through renal hilus?

Answer 19

renal arteries, renal veins, and renal pelvis

Question 20

what is the difference between renal capsule and renal adipose capsule?

Answer 20

renal capsule: tough fibrous layer that directly surrounds the outer surface of kidney. serves as a protective barrier to maintain shape and integrity of the kidney. protects kidneys from trauma and injury
renal adipose capsule: surrounds renal capsule and kidney. helps to anchor the kidney in place and protects it from mechanical shocks and injury. provides insulation and padding to the kidney

Question 21

what do you understand by renal pelvis and recesses?

Answer 21

renal pelvis: acts as funnel by collecting urine produced by kidney and delivering to ureter so it can be excreted
pelvis recesses: small pouch-like space within renal sinus that can sometimes collect urine or debris, contains renal pelvis, blood vessels, nerves and adipose tissue

Question 22

what is the location of an empty bladder and a full bladder?

Answer 22

empty= pubic
full= umbilical

Question 23

what ovary would be deeper in location for a spay?

Answer 23

right ovary is deeper
ovaries sit under kidneys and right kidney is deeper

Question 24

why would it be important to remember the relationship between the urinary bladder and the uterus during a spay?

Answer 24

urinary bladder is on top of the uterus, so it would need to be moved out of the way during a spay

Question 25

what is the action of the cremaster muscle?

Answer 25

retracts the testes, like a reflex

Question 26

what are efferent ductules and what is connected by these ductules

Answer 26

located in the testes
connection between rete testis and head of epididymis

Question 27

what lig should be cut during castration

Answer 27

lig of tail of epididymis