endocrine organs Flashcards
common features of endocrine glands
indirectly connected to organs, which is different from other systems
hormone synthesis
extensive blood supply
no ducts!
deliver hormones into blood, lymph or tissue
collaborate with nervous system
hormones are slower than nervous system but last longer
sella turcica
saddle-shaped depression in the basisphenoid bone of skull
dorsum sellae
bony prominance in sella turcica
neurohypophysis
connected to hypothalamus by nervous system
caudal portion
adenophypophysis
connected to hypothalamus by portal blood system
rostral and ventral in portion
pineal gland
located in middle of encephalon
caudo-dorsal to thalamus
produces melatonin, important in seasonal cycling
shape resembles pine cone
thyroid gland
most dogs have paired right and left
lies lateral to trachea, caudal to larynx
parathyroid gland
normally 4, 2 on each side
embedded in thyroid gland, pale contrasting with red-brick thyroid gland
adrenal gland
craniomedial to kidney cranial pole, not in direct contact with kidney
common features of exocrine glands
release substances through openings (ducts) onto body external surface or within cavity surfaces
exocrine gland product ex
sweat
milk
tears
saliva
digestive juices
mammary glands
subcutaneous, enlarges sweat glands
produce colostrum and milk
develop in mammary ridges that extend from axilla to inguinal
each gland secretes via teat, via one or multiple ducts
how many mammary glands in dogs/ cats
dogs have 5 pairs, each gland has 10-12 openings
cats have 4 pairs, each gland has 4-8 openings
lymph nodes that drain mammary glands
sternal lymph nodes
axillary and accessory axillary lymph nodes
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
