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CVA LAB > LAB - Respiratory & Digestive > Flashcards

LAB - Respiratory & Digestive Flashcards

1
Q
A

shark mouth with teeth

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2
Q
A

a- external opening of spiracle (1st-gill slit)
b- external gill slits

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3
Q
A

a- internal opening of spiracle
b- gill arches
c- gill rakers
d- internal gill slits (w/ branchial arteries)

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4
Q
A

a- gill lamellae (filaments)
b- gill rakers
c- gill arches

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5
Q

What is the function of the gill rakers in shark respiration?

A

strains out sediment before it gets to the gill lamellae, potentially covering them with sediment

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6
Q

Does your shark have a trachea and lungs?

A

no, sharks use gills instead of lungs

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7
Q

What is the open space by the larynx through which air passes to the lungs?

A

glottis

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8
Q

Which direction and what is it?

A

sheep larynx - posterior
a- epiglottis
b- thyroid cartilage
c- cricoid cartilage
d- tracheal cartilage
e- cricoid cartilage

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9
Q

Which direction and what is it?

A

sheep larynx - anterior
a- larynx
b-trachea
c- epiglottis
d- thyroid cartilage
e- cricoid cartilage
f- tracheal cartilage

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10
Q

Which direction and what is it?

A

sheep larynx - midsagittal
a- cricoid cartilage
b- tracheal cartilage
c- thyroid cartilage
d- epiglottis

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11
Q

What is the “Adam’s Apple?”

A

prominence on the thyroid cartilage

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12
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A

keeps food from entering the trachea (covers the lumen of the glottis)

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13
Q

What 2 bones comprise your hard palate?

A

palatine & palatine process

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14
Q
A

hyoid bone

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15
Q

What is the structure at the arrow and the blue ridges on this structure?

A

trachea with tracheal cartilage

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16
Q
A

diaphragm

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17
Q

What are the lettered structures and what branches of it to each lobe?

A

a- right primary bronchus
b- left primary bronchus
* secondary bronchi (to each lobe)

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18
Q
A

a- horizontal fissure
b- oblique fissure (right lobe)
c- oblique fissure (left lobe)

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19
Q
A

a- superior lobe (right)
b- middle lobe (right)
c- inferior lobe (right)
d- superior lobe (left)
e- inferior lobe (left)

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20
Q
A

cardiac notch

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21
Q
A

base

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22
Q
A

apex

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23
Q

List 2 anatomical difference between the left and right lung in humans

A
  1. cardiac notch on left
  2. 2 lobes on left & 3 lobes on right
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24
Q

What is this and what are the parts?

A

freeze-dried pig lung
a- bronchi
b- bronchioles
c- visceral pleura

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25
Identify the slide and where is it found.
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia of respiratory tract (hyaline cartilage of tracheal cartilage) a- pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia b- goblet cell c- cilia
26
Identify type of cell and its parts
Simple squamous epithelium of lung alveoli 1- alveoli 2- alveolar sac 3-squamous cells
27
Identify tissue type and location
simple squamous epithelium - of lung alveoli
28
What is this and identify parts?
trachea and esophagus of rat a- hyaline cartilage of tracheal cartilage b- trachea c- lumen of trachea d- trachealis muscle e- esophagus
29
Which position is anterior and which is posterior?
anterior (ventral) is the big circle/trachea and the posterior (dorsal) is the small circle/esophagus
30
Hypothesize a function for the rugae in the shark stomach
allow for dramatic expansion of the stomach to consume lots of food when the opportunity arises
31
What is the function of the spiral valve?
increases the travel distance (and time) for food passing through the intestine which allows more time for the absorption of nutrients
32
What is the function of the mesenteries?
Help to hold the intestines in place within the abdominal cavity so that they do not get twisted around, impeding the passage of feces
33
Why is the shark's liver so large? What is in the liver?
It allows the liver to hold large amounts of squalene oil. This oil helps the shark float in the water. It allows the liver to function in a manner analogous to the swim bladder of bony fish.
34
What are the 6 buccal/pharyngeal regions to know on the cat?
larynx, epiglottis, trachea, tracheal cartilage, esophagus, glottis
35
Terms to know for thoracic region on cats?
1. left & right primary bronchi 2. lobes of left lung (anterior, middle, posterior) 3. lobes of right lung (anterior, middle, posterior)
36
What are the rough bumps on the anterior of the cats tongue?
filiform papillae with keratin barbs to aid in grooming
37
reticulum (honeycomb)
38
rumen (shag carpet)
39
omasum (page-like folds with papillae)
40
abomasum - true stomach (ridges)
41
a- large intestine b- cecum c- esophagus d- small intestine e- rumen f- abomasum g- omasum h- reticulum
42
a- rumen b- omasum c- esophagus d- reticulum e- abomasum
43
parotid salivary gland
44
sublingual salivary gland
45
submandibular salivary gland
46
pharynx
47
sigmoid colon
48
appendix
49
rectum
50
What are the three parts of small intestine (in order)?
duodenum -> jejunum -> ileum
51
a- esophagus b- cardia c- lesser curvature d- pyloric sphincter e- duodenum f- pylorus g- rugae (gastric folds) h- body i- greater curvature j- fundus
52
right colic flexure
53
haustrum
54
ascending colon
55
ileocecal valve
56
cecum
57
vermiform appendix
58
rectum
59
ileum
60
anal canal
61
sigmoid colon
62
left colic flexure
63
tenia coli muscle
64
descending colon
65
What organ is this, what view, and what parts?
liver - anterior a- right lobe b- inferior vena cava c- left lobe d- gallbladder
66
What is this and what is it a remnant of?
round ligament (remnant of umbilical vein)
67
caudate lobe
68
hepatic portal vein
69
hepatic duct
70
hepatic artery proper
71
round ligament
72
quadrate lobe
73
gallbladder
74
cystic duct
75
bile duct
76
inferior vena cava
77
sheep pluck
78
a- parietal pericardium b- pericardial space c- visceral pericardium
79
a- parietal pleura b- visceral pleura c- pleural cavity
80
Gall Bladder
reservoir for bile produced by the liver
81
Liver (Know at least 3)
1. produces bile for lipid digestion 2. storage of glycogen 3. detoxification of alcohol, drugs, and poisons 4. stores iron as ferritin 5. converts glucose to fat 6. converts amino acids and glycerol into glucose 7. converts ammonia to urea
82
Stomach
mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
83
Small Intestine
enzymatic digestion of food; absorption of water and nutrients
84
Pancreas
secrete pancreatic enzymes for digestion; produces glucagon and insulin
85
Colon
water and vitamin absorption; compaction of digestive contents into feces
86
Spleen
phagocytosis of old erythrocytes
87
greater omentum
88
What is this and what are the fingers coming off of it?
Small intestines (intestinal villi) a- plica circulares b- submucosa (blood vessel & lymphatic layer) c- mucosa layer (simple columnar cells)
89
small intestines a- goblet cells b- microvilli of simple columnar cells c- intestinal villi d- intestinal crypts
90
What vessel carries nutrients from the GI tract, spleen, and pancreas to the liver?
hepatic portal vein
91
What blood vessel carries blood directly from the liver from the descending abdominal aorta?
hepatic artery
92
Why do the trachea and bronchi have rings of hyaline cartilage, while the esophagus lacks these rings?
The trachea needs structural support so that is doesn't collapse during g inhalation. Without reinforcement, the trachea would collapse as if you were trying to breathe through a bread sac.
93
The liver stores a monosaccharide called _______ as a polysaccharide called __________.
glucose; glycogen
94
spiral valve of shark intestines
95
rugae of shark stomach
96
blue arrow = hepatic lobule purple arrow = central vein black arrow = branch of hepatic portal vein other = plates of hepatocytes; sinusoids
97
a- gastric gland b- gastric pits c- submucosa d- muscularis mucosa
98
What is the fatty sheet over the intestines?
greater omentum
99
Gall bladder function
reservoir for bile produced by the liver
100
Liver function (know atleast 3)
1. produces bile for lipid digestion 2. storage of glycogen 3. detoxification of alcohol, drugs, and poisons 4. stores iron as ferritin 5. converts glucose to fat
101
Stomach function
mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
102
Small intestine function
enzymatic digestion of food; absorption of water and nutrients
103
Pancreas function
secrete pancreatic enzymes for digestion (amylase); produces glucagon and insulin
104
Colon function
water and vitamin absorption; compaction of digestive contents into feces
105
Spleen function
phagocytosis of old erythrocytes

CVA LAB (5 decks)

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