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CVA LAB > LAB - Respiratory & Digestive > Flashcards

LAB - Respiratory & Digestive Flashcards

1
Q
A

shark mouth with teeth

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2
Q
A

a- external opening of spiracle (1st-gill slit)
b- external gill slits

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3
Q
A

a- internal opening of spiracle
b- gill arches
c- gill rakers
d- internal gill slits (w/ branchial arteries)

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4
Q
A

a- gill lamellae (filaments)
b- gill rakers
c- gill arches

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5
Q

What is the function of the gill rakers in shark respiration?

A

strains out sediment before it gets to the gill lamellae, potentially covering them with sediment

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6
Q

Does your shark have a trachea and lungs?

A

no, sharks use gills instead of lungs

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7
Q

What is the open space by the larynx through which air passes to the lungs?

A

glottis

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8
Q

Which direction and what is it?

A

sheep larynx - posterior
a- epiglottis
b- thyroid cartilage
c- cricoid cartilage
d- tracheal cartilage
e- cricoid cartilage

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9
Q

Which direction and what is it?

A

sheep larynx - anterior
a- larynx
b-trachea
c- epiglottis
d- thyroid cartilage
e- cricoid cartilage
f- tracheal cartilage

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10
Q

Which direction and what is it?

A

sheep larynx - midsagittal
a- cricoid cartilage
b- tracheal cartilage
c- thyroid cartilage
d- epiglottis

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11
Q

What is the “Adam’s Apple?”

A

prominence on the thyroid cartilage

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12
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A

keeps food from entering the trachea (covers the lumen of the glottis)

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13
Q

What 2 bones comprise your hard palate?

A

palatine & palatine process

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14
Q
A

hyoid bone

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15
Q

What is the structure at the arrow and the blue ridges on this structure?

A

trachea with tracheal cartilage

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16
Q
A

diaphragm

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17
Q

What are the lettered structures and what branches of it to each lobe?

A

a- right primary bronchus
b- left primary bronchus
* secondary bronchi (to each lobe)

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18
Q
A

a- horizontal fissure
b- oblique fissure (right lobe)
c- oblique fissure (left lobe)

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19
Q
A

a- superior lobe (right)
b- middle lobe (right)
c- inferior lobe (right)
d- superior lobe (left)
e- inferior lobe (left)

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20
Q
A

cardiac notch

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21
Q
A

base

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22
Q
A

apex

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23
Q

List 2 anatomical difference between the left and right lung in humans

A
  1. cardiac notch on left
  2. 2 lobes on left & 3 lobes on right
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24
Q

What is this and what are the parts?

A

freeze-dried pig lung
a- bronchi
b- bronchioles
c- visceral pleura

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25
Q

Identify the slide and where is it found.

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia of respiratory tract (hyaline cartilage of tracheal cartilage)
a- pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia
b- goblet cell
c- cilia

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26
Q

Identify type of cell and its parts

A

Simple squamous epithelium of lung alveoli
1- alveoli
2- alveolar sac
3-squamous cells

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27
Q

Identify tissue type and location

A

simple squamous epithelium - of lung alveoli

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28
Q

What is this and identify parts?

A

trachea and esophagus of rat
a- hyaline cartilage of tracheal cartilage
b- trachea
c- lumen of trachea
d- trachealis muscle
e- esophagus

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29
Q

Which position is anterior and which is posterior?

A

anterior (ventral) is the big circle/trachea and the posterior (dorsal) is the small circle/esophagus

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30
Q

Hypothesize a function for the rugae in the shark stomach

A

allow for dramatic expansion of the stomach to consume lots of food when the opportunity arises

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31
Q

What is the function of the spiral valve?

A

increases the travel distance (and time) for food passing through the intestine which allows more time for the absorption of nutrients

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32
Q

What is the function of the mesenteries?

A

Help to hold the intestines in place within the abdominal cavity so that they do not get twisted around, impeding the passage of feces

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33
Q

Why is the shark’s liver so large? What is in the liver?

A

It allows the liver to hold large amounts of squalene oil. This oil helps the shark float in the water. It allows the liver to function in a manner analogous to the swim bladder of bony fish.

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34
Q

What are the 6 buccal/pharyngeal regions to know on the cat?

A

larynx, epiglottis, trachea, tracheal cartilage, esophagus, glottis

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35
Q

Terms to know for thoracic region on cats?

A
  1. left & right primary bronchi
  2. lobes of left lung (anterior, middle, posterior)
  3. lobes of right lung (anterior, middle, posterior)
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36
Q

What are the rough bumps on the anterior of the cats tongue?

A

filiform papillae with keratin barbs to aid in grooming

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37
Q
A

reticulum (honeycomb)

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38
Q
A

rumen (shag carpet)

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39
Q
A

omasum (page-like folds with papillae)

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40
Q
A

abomasum - true stomach (ridges)

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41
Q
A

a- large intestine
b- cecum
c- esophagus
d- small intestine
e- rumen
f- abomasum
g- omasum
h- reticulum

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42
Q
A

a- rumen
b- omasum
c- esophagus
d- reticulum
e- abomasum

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43
Q
A

parotid salivary gland

44
Q
A

sublingual salivary gland

45
Q
A

submandibular salivary gland

46
Q
A

pharynx

47
Q
A

sigmoid colon

48
Q
A

appendix

49
Q
A

rectum

50
Q

What are the three parts of small intestine (in order)?

A

duodenum -> jejunum -> ileum

51
Q
A

a- esophagus
b- cardia
c- lesser curvature
d- pyloric sphincter
e- duodenum
f- pylorus
g- rugae (gastric folds)
h- body
i- greater curvature
j- fundus

52
Q
A

right colic flexure

53
Q
A

haustrum

54
Q
A

ascending colon

55
Q
A

ileocecal valve

56
Q
A

cecum

57
Q
A

vermiform appendix

58
Q
A

rectum

59
Q
A

ileum

60
Q
A

anal canal

61
Q
A

sigmoid colon

62
Q
A

left colic flexure

63
Q
A

tenia coli muscle

64
Q
A

descending colon

65
Q

What organ is this, what view, and what parts?

A

liver - anterior
a- right lobe
b- inferior vena cava
c- left lobe
d- gallbladder

66
Q

What is this and what is it a remnant of?

A

round ligament (remnant of umbilical vein)

67
Q
A

caudate lobe

68
Q
A

hepatic portal vein

69
Q
A

hepatic duct

70
Q
A

hepatic artery proper

71
Q
A

round ligament

72
Q
A

quadrate lobe

73
Q
A

gallbladder

74
Q
A

cystic duct

75
Q
A

bile duct

76
Q
A

inferior vena cava

77
Q
A

sheep pluck

78
Q
A

a- parietal pericardium
b- pericardial space
c- visceral pericardium

79
Q
A

a- parietal pleura
b- visceral pleura
c- pleural cavity

80
Q

Gall Bladder

A

reservoir for bile produced by the liver

81
Q

Liver (Know at least 3)

A
  1. produces bile for lipid digestion
  2. storage of glycogen
  3. detoxification of alcohol, drugs, and poisons
  4. stores iron as ferritin
  5. converts glucose to fat
  6. converts amino acids and glycerol into glucose
  7. converts ammonia to urea
82
Q

Stomach

A

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

83
Q

Small Intestine

A

enzymatic digestion of food; absorption of water and nutrients

84
Q

Pancreas

A

secrete pancreatic enzymes for digestion; produces glucagon and insulin

85
Q

Colon

A

water and vitamin absorption; compaction of digestive contents into feces

86
Q

Spleen

A

phagocytosis of old erythrocytes

87
Q
A

greater omentum

88
Q

What is this and what are the fingers coming off of it?

A

Small intestines (intestinal villi)
a- plica circulares
b- submucosa (blood vessel & lymphatic layer)
c- mucosa layer (simple columnar cells)

89
Q
A

small intestines
a- goblet cells
b- microvilli of simple columnar cells
c- intestinal villi
d- intestinal crypts

90
Q

What vessel carries nutrients from the GI tract, spleen, and pancreas to the liver?

A

hepatic portal vein

91
Q

What blood vessel carries blood directly from the liver from the descending abdominal aorta?

A

hepatic artery

92
Q

Why do the trachea and bronchi have rings of hyaline cartilage, while the esophagus lacks these rings?

A

The trachea needs structural support so that is doesn’t collapse during g inhalation. Without reinforcement, the trachea would collapse as if you were trying to breathe through a bread sac.

93
Q

The liver stores a monosaccharide called _______ as a polysaccharide called __________.

A

glucose; glycogen

94
Q
A

spiral valve of shark intestines

95
Q
A

rugae of shark stomach

96
Q
A

blue arrow = hepatic lobule
purple arrow = central vein
black arrow = branch of hepatic portal vein
other = plates of hepatocytes; sinusoids

97
Q
A

a- gastric gland
b- gastric pits
c- submucosa
d- muscularis mucosa

98
Q

What is the fatty sheet over the intestines?

A

greater omentum

99
Q

Gall bladder function

A

reservoir for bile produced by the liver

100
Q

Liver function (know atleast 3)

A
  1. produces bile for lipid digestion
  2. storage of glycogen
  3. detoxification of alcohol, drugs, and poisons
  4. stores iron as ferritin
  5. converts glucose to fat
101
Q

Stomach function

A

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

102
Q

Small intestine function

A

enzymatic digestion of food; absorption of water and nutrients

103
Q

Pancreas function

A

secrete pancreatic enzymes for digestion (amylase); produces glucagon and insulin

104
Q

Colon function

A

water and vitamin absorption; compaction of digestive contents into feces

105
Q

Spleen function

A

phagocytosis of old erythrocytes

CVA LAB (5 decks)

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