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CVA LAB > LAB - Endocrine & Reproduction > Flashcards

LAB - Endocrine & Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What type of tooth & Identify parts and what is the outer layer called

A

Molar (enamel)
a- crown
b- root
c- apical foramen

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2
Q

What type of tooth & parts

A

Incisor
a- root
b- crown

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3
Q
A

alveolus (socket)

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4
Q
A

1- infundibulum (cup)
2- cementum (yellow layer)
3- enamel
4- dentin (fig only)
5- pulp cavity
6- body
7- root

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5
Q

What does retroperitoneal mean and what organ is in this position?

A

kidney - behind the parietal peritoneum (in sharks and mammals

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6
Q

What problem can occur with the inguinal canal? What is this condition called?

A

inguinal hernia (straining which can cause a bulging mass out of its normal place such as the intestines through inguinal canal)

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7
Q

What type of uterus is found in the cat and human? What is the adaptive value of the cat uterus anatomy?

A

Cats have a bipartite uterus which provides more space for a large litter of kittens to develop. Humans don’t need this much space as it’s not common to have a high number of children at a time (unless using fertility treatments)

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8
Q

What is the thin outer dense, irregular connective tissue layer that protects the kidney and helps maintain its shape?

A

renal capsule

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9
Q
A

1- renal cortex
2- renal medulla
3- renal pyramid
4- renal papilla
5- renal pelvis

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10
Q

What 3 structures are found next to the arrow

A

1- hilus (depression where all parts exit kidney)
2- ureter
renal artery & renal vein also exit at arrow

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11
Q
A

1- renal capsule
2- renal cortex
3- renal medulla
4- renal papilla
5- renal sinus
6- renal column
7- renal artery
8- renal vein
9- renal pyramid
10- ureter

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12
Q

Circulatory pathway through kidney

A

renal artery -> segmental artery -> interlobar arter -> arcuate artery -> interlobular artery -> interlobular vein -> arcuate vein -> interlobar vein -> renal vein

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13
Q

What is this and what is the structure at the star and the white halo around the structure?

A

Glomerular (Bowman’s) Capsule - from renal cortex

  • structure= glomerulus
  • circle= lumen of glomerular capsule
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14
Q

What is round ligament pain?

A

common complaint during pregnancy as it is stretched due to the growth of uterus

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15
Q

What is the hormone that relaxes ligaments?

A

Relaxin

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16
Q

In the placenta which vessels carry each type of blood?

A

oxygenated - veins
deoxygenated - arteries

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17
Q
A

a- uterus
b- umbilical cord
c- placenta

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18
Q
A

a- amnion
b- umbilical arteries
c- umbilical cord
d- umbilical vein

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19
Q
A

a- fetal portion of placenta
b- maternal portion of placenta

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20
Q

What is the function inguinal canal?

A

provide an access hole for the descent of the testes into the scrotum

21
Q
A

bully stick
a- corpus spongiosum with urethra
b- corpora cavernosa
c- dorsal veins

22
Q

What are the three mammalian endocrine glands to know in the brain?

A
  1. hypothalamus
  2. pituitary gland
  3. pineal gland
23
Q
A

thyroid gland

24
Q
A

a- pharynx
b- thyroid gland
c- parathyroid glands
d- esophagus
e- trachea

25
Q
A

adrenal gland

26
Q
A

a- duodenum
b- pancreas
c- inferior vena cava
d- abdominal aorta

27
Q

What is the green vessel in the figure?

A

common bile duct

28
Q

Adrenal gland (hormone & effect)

A

cortisol - promotes gluconeogenesis; mobilizes fats for metabolism

29
Q

Adrenal gland (hormone & effect)

A

epinephrine/adrenaline - initiate fight or flight response

30
Q

Pineal gland (hormone & effect)

A

melatonin (regulate circadian cycle in body)

31
Q

Anterior pituitary gland (hormone & effect)

A

luteinizing hormone (stimulates ovulation)

32
Q

Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) (hormone & effect)

A

follicle stimulating hormone (men - stimulates sperm production; women - stimulates follicle maturation)

33
Q

Hypothalamus (hormone & effect)

A

anti-diuretic hormone/vasopressin (Stimulate kidney to conserve water. Alcohol inhibits its release, hence you pee a lot when you drink)

34
Q

Ovaries (hormone & effect)

A

estrogen ( stimulate female developmental pattern)

35
Q

Ovaries (hormone & effect)

A

progesterone (stimulates thickening of endometrial lining of uterus - w/o pregnancy sloughs off as menstrual flow)

36
Q

Pancreas (hormone & effect)

A

insulin (decrease glucose level in blood)

37
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

parathyroid hormone (pulls calcium from bone for other uses in body)

38
Q

Posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis) (hormone & effect)

A

growth hormone (stimulates somatic growth)

39
Q

Testis (hormone & effect)

A

testosterone (stimulate male developmental pattern)

40
Q

Thyroid gland (hormone & effect)

A

calcitonin (calcium deposition in bones)

41
Q

Seminal vesicle (gland) function

A

secrete 60% of the semen volume. Secretions contain a lot of fructose, which metabolized by sperm to power motility.

42
Q

Vas (ductus) deferens function

A

carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

43
Q

Prostate gland function

A

synthesizes prostatic fluid that comprises 1/3 of semen volume - prostatic fluid is antibiotic in the male urethra

44
Q

Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) Gland function

A

secrete a thick mucus that neutralizes urinary acid in the urethra prior to ejaculation - also helps to lubricate the tips of the penis

45
Q

Epididymis function

A

location of spermatozoa functional maturation (motility and fertilization capability) following meiosis in the testes

46
Q

Fallopian tube (oviduct) function

A

carry oocyte from the ovary to the uterus where fertilization and implantation may occur - most ectopic pregnancies occur when the egg implants in a fallopian tube rather than in the uterus

47
Q

Fimbrae function

A

finger-like projections of the oviduct that swell with blood at ovulation to connect the oviduct to the ovary - cilia on the inner surface of the fimbrae help sweep the oocyte into the oviduct

48
Q

Uterus function

A

site of embryo implantation and placenta formation - a hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus - the uterus is often removed through the vagina

CVA LAB (5 decks)

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