LAB - Endocrine & Reproduction

Question 1

What type of tooth & Identify parts and what is the outer layer called

Answer 1

Molar (enamel)
a- crown
b- root
c- apical foramen

Question 2

What type of tooth & parts

Answer 2

Incisor
a- root
b- crown

Question 3

Answer 3

alveolus (socket)

Question 4

Answer 4

1- infundibulum (cup)
2- cementum (yellow layer)
3- enamel
4- dentin (fig only)
5- pulp cavity
6- body
7- root

Question 5

What does retroperitoneal mean and what organ is in this position?

Answer 5

kidney - behind the parietal peritoneum (in sharks and mammals

Question 6

What problem can occur with the inguinal canal? What is this condition called?

Answer 6

inguinal hernia (straining which can cause a bulging mass out of its normal place such as the intestines through inguinal canal)

Question 7

What type of uterus is found in the cat and human? What is the adaptive value of the cat uterus anatomy?

Answer 7

Cats have a bipartite uterus which provides more space for a large litter of kittens to develop. Humans don’t need this much space as it’s not common to have a high number of children at a time (unless using fertility treatments)

Question 8

What is the thin outer dense, irregular connective tissue layer that protects the kidney and helps maintain its shape?

Answer 8

renal capsule

Question 9

Answer 9

1- renal cortex
2- renal medulla
3- renal pyramid
4- renal papilla
5- renal pelvis

Question 10

What 3 structures are found next to the arrow

Answer 10

1- hilus (depression where all parts exit kidney)
2- ureter
renal artery & renal vein also exit at arrow

Question 11

Answer 11

1- renal capsule
2- renal cortex
3- renal medulla
4- renal papilla
5- renal sinus
6- renal column
7- renal artery
8- renal vein
9- renal pyramid
10- ureter

Question 12

Circulatory pathway through kidney

Answer 12

renal artery -> segmental artery -> interlobar arter -> arcuate artery -> interlobular artery -> interlobular vein -> arcuate vein -> interlobar vein -> renal vein

Question 13

What is this and what is the structure at the star and the white halo around the structure?

Answer 13

Glomerular (Bowman’s) Capsule - from renal cortex

• structure= glomerulus
• circle= lumen of glomerular capsule

Question 14

What is round ligament pain?

Answer 14

common complaint during pregnancy as it is stretched due to the growth of uterus

Question 15

What is the hormone that relaxes ligaments?

Answer 15

Relaxin

Question 16

In the placenta which vessels carry each type of blood?

Answer 16

oxygenated - veins
deoxygenated - arteries

Question 17

Answer 17

a- uterus
b- umbilical cord
c- placenta

Question 18

Answer 18

a- amnion
b- umbilical arteries
c- umbilical cord
d- umbilical vein

Question 19

Answer 19

a- fetal portion of placenta
b- maternal portion of placenta

Question 20

What is the function inguinal canal?

Answer 20

provide an access hole for the descent of the testes into the scrotum

Question 21

Answer 21

bully stick
a- corpus spongiosum with urethra
b- corpora cavernosa
c- dorsal veins

Question 22

What are the three mammalian endocrine glands to know in the brain?

Answer 22

1. hypothalamus
2. pituitary gland
3. pineal gland

Question 23

Answer 23

thyroid gland

Question 24

Answer 24

a- pharynx
b- thyroid gland
c- parathyroid glands
d- esophagus
e- trachea

Question 25

Answer 25

adrenal gland

Question 26

Answer 26

a- duodenum b- pancreas c- inferior vena cava d- abdominal aorta

Question 27

What is the green vessel in the figure?

Answer 27

common bile duct

Question 28

Adrenal gland (hormone & effect)

Answer 28

cortisol - promotes gluconeogenesis; mobilizes fats for metabolism

Question 29

Adrenal gland (hormone & effect)

Answer 29

epinephrine/adrenaline - initiate fight or flight response

Question 30

Pineal gland (hormone & effect)

Answer 30

melatonin (regulate circadian cycle in body)

Question 31

Anterior pituitary gland (hormone & effect)

Answer 31

luteinizing hormone (stimulates ovulation)

Question 32

Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) (hormone & effect)

Answer 32

follicle stimulating hormone (men - stimulates sperm production; women - stimulates follicle maturation)

Question 33

Hypothalamus (hormone & effect)

Answer 33

anti-diuretic hormone/vasopressin (Stimulate kidney to conserve water. Alcohol inhibits its release, hence you pee a lot when you drink)

Question 34

Ovaries (hormone & effect)

Answer 34

estrogen ( stimulate female developmental pattern)

Question 35

Ovaries (hormone & effect)

Answer 35

progesterone (stimulates thickening of endometrial lining of uterus - w/o pregnancy sloughs off as menstrual flow)

Question 36

Pancreas (hormone & effect)

Answer 36

insulin (decrease glucose level in blood)

Question 37

Parathyroid glands

Answer 37

parathyroid hormone (pulls calcium from bone for other uses in body)

Question 38

Posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis) (hormone & effect)

Answer 38

growth hormone (stimulates somatic growth)

Question 39

Testis (hormone & effect)

Answer 39

testosterone (stimulate male developmental pattern)

Question 40

Thyroid gland (hormone & effect)

Answer 40

calcitonin (calcium deposition in bones)

Question 41

Seminal vesicle (gland) function

Answer 41

secrete 60% of the semen volume. Secretions contain a lot of fructose, which metabolized by sperm to power motility.

Question 42

Vas (ductus) deferens function

Answer 42

carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

Question 43

Prostate gland function

Answer 43

synthesizes prostatic fluid that comprises 1/3 of semen volume - prostatic fluid is antibiotic in the male urethra

Question 44

Bulbourethral (Cowper's) Gland function

Answer 44

secrete a thick mucus that neutralizes urinary acid in the urethra prior to ejaculation - also helps to lubricate the tips of the penis

Question 45

Epididymis function

Answer 45

location of spermatozoa functional maturation (motility and fertilization capability) following meiosis in the testes

Question 46

Fallopian tube (oviduct) function

Answer 46

carry oocyte from the ovary to the uterus where fertilization and implantation may occur - most ectopic pregnancies occur when the egg implants in a fallopian tube rather than in the uterus

Question 47

Fimbrae function

Answer 47

finger-like projections of the oviduct that swell with blood at ovulation to connect the oviduct to the ovary - cilia on the inner surface of the fimbrae help sweep the oocyte into the oviduct

Question 48

Uterus function

Answer 48

site of embryo implantation and placenta formation - a hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus - the uterus is often removed through the vagina