lab quizzes

Question 1

this structure is dead at functional maturity and conducts water

Answer 1

xylem

Question 2

This structure is alive at functional maturity and conducts carbohydrates

Answer 2

phloem

Question 3

This structure transfers things across different types of vascular tissues:

Answer 3

vascular rays

Question 4

This structure contains multiple tissues and are mostly living:

Answer 4

bark

Question 5

this structure gives rise to two types of new vascular tissue

Answer 5

vascular cambium

Question 6

what is the difference between primary and secondary meristem?

Answer 6

primary grows from tip, grows in length while secondary grows from vascular cambium in girth

Question 7

Label the flower organs

Answer 7

anther, filmament, stamen, petal, sepal, ovule, ovary, style, stigma, pistil

Question 8

What is double fertilization? Include cells involved and relative timing of it.

Answer 8

angiosperms undergo double fertiliation. 1) pollen tube grows toward ovule 2) sperm nuclei swim toward egg, 1 fertilizes the egg, forms zygote 3) 2nd sperm nuclei fertilizes 2 polar nuclei forming triploid endosperm

Question 9

The nutritive tissue in gymnosperms is ___ and the ploidy is ___.
The nutritive tissue in monocots is ___ and the ploidy is ___.
The nutritive tissue in eudicots is ___ and the ploidy is ___.

Answer 9

megagametophyte : 1N
endosperm : 3N
embryo itself/cotyledons : 2N

Question 10

Compare and contrast matrotrophy in gymnosperms and bryophytes.

Answer 10

bryos: gametophyte nourishes sporophyte
gymno: sporophyte nourishes gametophyte

matrotrophy in bryophytes is only between gametophyte and sporophyte where the sporophyte depends on this and is permanently attached. matrotrophy is gymnosperms is when the sporophyte nourishes the megagametophyte and the megagametophyte nourishes the embryo, so that the gametophyte is dependent on the parent sporophyte.

Question 11

Pollen tubes are homologous to what structure in land plant lineages?

Answer 11

homologous to protonema or rhizoids in moss gametophytes.

Question 12

All gymnosperms and many lycophytes are heterosporous. What is different about the megagametophyte of each lineage?

Answer 12

the megaspore is retained on gymnosperms and dispersed on lycophytes, meaning the megametophyte of lycos develope independent of the sporophyte.
both are endosporous but lycophytes don’t form seeds because the megaspore separates from the megagametophyte

Question 13

Compare and contrast the role of sporangia in ferns and gymnosperms.

Answer 13

both produce spores and produce many sporangia per individual. the difference is gymnosperms are heterosporous, meaning they have mega and micro sporangia, where the megasporangium retains the megaspore and subsequent megagametophyte while the ferns have one spore type and disperse their spores.

Question 14

What is an analogous trait/structure found in two or more land plant lineages. Defend your answer.

Answer 14

exs: heterospory, leaves

Question 15

In lab we saw the alga Chara. What generation is the multicellular thallus to the right and what is the ploidy of this gen: (don’t need picture)

Answer 15

gametophyte: haploid

the main difference between ulva and chara is that ulva is haplodiplontic, MC in both stages, has alternation of generation

chara is haplontic, so the sporophyte stage of life is just a zygote

Question 16

Heterospory is what the sporophyte produces______ which contain ___________ which give rise to ________.

Answer 16

micro and mega sporangia : mega and micro spores : micro and megagametophytes

Question 17

Define endospory.

Answer 17

endospory is when the gametophyte develops within the spores

Question 18

Homospory is when the sporophyte produces ____ which contains _______ which give rise to _______.

Answer 18

one kind of sporangia: identical spores: gametophytes

Question 19

Venn diagram of gametophyte and sporophyte, put the trait in the correct space: cells undergo meiosis, cells undergo mitosis, dominant gen in ferns, dominant gen in bryophytes, capable of living independently in ferns, capable of living independently in bryophytes, nourishes the embryo, haploid, has stomata

Answer 19

cells undergo meiosis: sporophyte
cells undergo mitosis: both
dominant generation in ferns: sporophyte
dominant generation in bryophytes: gametophytes
capable of living independently in ferns: both
capable of living independently in bryophytes: gametophyte
nourishes the embryo: gametophyte
haploid: gametophyte
has stomata: sporophyte

Question 20

What are two innovations of all land plants but absent in Streptophyte algae?

Answer 20

multicellular sporophytes / development of embryo
matrotrophy / maternal care

Question 21

Ferns have cuticles and need to employ other strategies for water movement. What structures do fens use to transport water throughout their body?

Answer 21

vascular tissue (xylem and ploem)

Question 22

What is a fern sorus, specifically, include organs which make up sorus, what is produced within.

Answer 22

sorus is a collection of sporangia located on the underside of the sporophyll/leaf, contais spores with annullas inside sporangia

Question 23

Venn diagram of bryophytes M/L/H, put the trait in the right space: thalloid gametophyte, leafy gametophyte, only one chloroplast per cell, has a seta, sporangia, fills entire sporophyte, sporophyte and gametophyte are both multicellular

Answer 23

thalloid gametophyte: liverworts + hornworts
leafy gametophyte” moss and liverwort
only one chloroplast per cell: hornwort
has a seta: moss and liverwort
sporangium fills entire sporophyte: hornwort
sporophyte and gametophyte are both multicelluar: all

Question 24

What is the trait that all bryophytes have that links them together and separates them from the rest of land plants?

Answer 24

bryophytes have only one sporangia on their sporophyte / sporophytes do not branch

Question 25

Draw the life cycle of a moss. Name both gametangia. Dra a line which separates the cycle into haploid and diploid.

Answer 25

embryo –> sporophyte –> sporangium –> spores –> gametophyte –> gametangia (antheridium and archegonium) –> gametes (egg and sperm) –> zygote –> embryo

Question 26

Using algae beads, we were able to measure photosynthesis. How were we able to do this? Explanation must talk about chemistry, not just color.

Answer 26

indicator solution that measure pH and could therefore indicate CO2 production, pH increased with photosynthesis because CO2 was being removed from water

Question 27

In lab we saw the algae Chara. What generation is the multicellular thallus? What is the ploidy of this generation?

Answer 27

gametophyte: haploid

Question 28

Each group tested algae beads in the dark. What is the predominant metabolic process occurring in these algae?

Answer 28

cellular respiration

Question 29

Compare the life cycle of Chara and Ulva. What is the main difference between the life cycle of these two algae?

Answer 29

chara is haplontic (MC only in gametophyte) and ulva is haplodiplontic (MC in both sporo and gametophyte)

Question 30

List two different leaf traits and describe how they might be modified in a plant which grows in a xeric environment.

Answer 30

stomata: may be sunken into leaf surface to decrease transpiration
cuticle: thick to prevent water loss from outside cells of the leaf, especially on the top of the leaf
trichomes/hairs: leaf may be covered in hairs, dense hairs around stomata to help insulate the leaf and maintain wind barrier and reduce transpiration rates

Question 31

Water enters the plant from the roots, but more specifically via . These structures are found not at the root tip, but above the zone of elongation are are _-cellular. Once inside the roots, the water gets pushed by a process called ____. Inside the plant the water travels within
specialized cells collectively called ____ tissue, containing long and thin cells that
promote water movement by ___ action Finally, the water gets pulled up the stem by water evaporating in the stomata, a process called _.

Answer 31

root hairs : unicellular : root pressure : vascular : capillary : transpiration

Question 32

Two plants, same env conditions except one has a fan blowing on the leaves. Which would transpire more? Why?

Answer 32

fan one because it would dry the air out, decrease relative humidity of air surround stomata, promoting evaporation

Question 33

cells undergo meiosis, cells undergo mitosis, dominant gen in bryos, dominant gen in angios, has stomata, photosynthetic in gymnos, capable of living independently in ferns, haploid, nourishes the embryo in lycos (say GAMETOPHYTE or SPOROPHYTE or BOTH for ALL LAND PLANTS)

Answer 33

S
B
G
s
s
s
b
g
g

Question 34

life cycle: label as GAMETOPHYTE, SPOROPHYTE, or BOTH for ALL LAND PLANTS: has stomata, psynthetic in gymnosperms, dominant generation in angiosperms, capable of living independently in ferns, haploid, cells undergo meiosis, dominant gen in bryos, nourishes embryo in lycos, cells undergo mitosis

Answer 34

S, S, S, B,G, S, G, G, B