Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

respiratory system > lab quiz review > Flashcards

lab quiz review Flashcards

1
Q

what is the name of FIRST structure in the lower respiratory tract

A

trachea (windpipe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a cold is often called a URI. what does URI stand for?

A

upper respiratory infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why do we call the respiratory tree a “conducting” system

A

b/c the respiratory tree warms, humidifies, and filters the aire before it reaches the alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name the cartilages that make the larynx

A

3 unpaired cartilages: thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, epiglottis

3 paired cartilages: arytenoid cartilage, corniculate cartilage, cuneiform cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how many cartilages are there in the larynx

A

9
3 unpaired and 3 paired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

name the process by which gaseous exchange takes place in alveoli

A

diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

give 3 adaptations of alveoli for gaseous exchange

A
  1. thin walls
  2. large surface area
  3. concentration gradient maintained by flow of blood along capillaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why do alveoli have simple squamous epithelium

A

these cells provide a barrier for absorption and diffusion of substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how do alveoli protect against infection

A

alveolar macrophages seek out deposited particles, bind to them, ingest them, kill any that are living, and digest them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

give 3 defenses mechanisms in the conducting zone of the respiratory system

A
  1. mucous cells and mucous glands
  2. cilia
  3. filtration in nasal cavity removes large particles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the trachea has pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. what other structures in the respiratory tract have PCCE

A

nose
trachea
bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the function of the cilia of the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A

sweep debris trapped in mucus toward the pharynx (mucus escalator)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the smallest structure in the respiratory tree that has cilia

A

bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the trachea also has C-shaped cartilage rings, made out _________________ cartilage

A

hyaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why is it important that the rings are C-shaped?

A

it allows the trachea to collapse slightly at its opening, so food can pass down the esophagus after swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how many layers make up the tracheal wall

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what type of cells make up the innermost layer of the tracheal wall

A

pseudostratified ciliate columnar epithelium with many goblet cells

18
Q

what type of tissue makes the up the third layer of the tracheal wall

A

a layer of areolar connective tissue

19
Q

what is the function of the respiratory membrane

A

diffusion

20
Q

how many layers make the respiratory membrane

A

3

21
Q

what are the different layers that make up the respiratory membrane

A
  1. squamouepithelial cells of alveoli
  2. squamousepithelial cells of capillaries
  3. fused basement membrane
22
Q

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

A

after passive exhalation, lungs still contain about 2400 ml of air and forced exhalation will expel about 1200 ml of air

23
Q

functional residual capactiy

A

volume in the lungs at the end-expiratory position

expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

24
Q

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

A

the amount of air taken in to the lungs during deep inhalation

it is about 2000-3000ml depending on the size of the person

25
Q

inspiratory capacity (IC)

A

volume of air inhaled after a normal exhale

tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

26
Q

residual volume

A

volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation

the remaining 1200ml is known as this

27
Q

total lung capacity

A

volume in the lungs at maximal inflation

vital capacity + residual volume

28
Q

vital capacity

A

volume of air breathes out after the deepest inhalation

29
Q

functions of respiration

A
  1. exchange of gas
  2. breakdown of glucose —> energy
30
Q

aerobic

A

in presence of O2

C6H12+6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP

31
Q

anaerobic

A

absence of O2

C6H12O6 —> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 2ATP

32
Q

in humans C6H12O6—>

A

2C3H6O3
lactic acid

33
Q

what are the 4 layers of the traceal wall called

A

innermost: mucosa
2nd layer: submucose
3rd layer: cartilagenous layer
outermost: adventitia

34
Q

mucosa layer

A

innermost layer
contains pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and many goblet cells

35
Q

submucosa layer

A

2nd layer
areolar connective tissue
contains blood vessels, nerves, etc.

36
Q

cartilageous layer

A

3rd layer

37
Q

adventitia

A

outermost layer
areolar connective tissue
loosely anchors trachea to surrounding soft tissues

38
Q

bacterial infection of epiglottis also affects vocal cords

A

laryngitis

39
Q

inflammation of bronchi

A

bronchitis

40
Q

bronchioles’ walls lack

A

cartilage replaced by smooth muscle

control volume of air that goes into lungs

41
Q

cells of lungs

A

pneumocytes

respiratory system (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions