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BIO 122 > Lab Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Lab Quiz 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Pituitary gland

  • location
  • parts
A
  • hanging from hypothalamus

- Posterior lobe, anterior lobe

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2
Q

Pituitary gland - posterior lobe hormones

A

Oxytocin

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

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3
Q

Pituitary gland - anterior lobe hormones

A

Tropic hormones

  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Non-tropic

  • Growth hormone
  • Prolactin
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4
Q

Thyroid gland hormones

A

Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin

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5
Q

Parathyroid gland hormones

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

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6
Q

Adrenal glands - Medulla hormones

A

Epinephrine

Norepinephrine

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7
Q

Adrenal glands - Cortex hormones

A

Glucocorticoids (cortisol and cortisone)
Mineralocorticoids (ADH)
Sex Hormones (estrogens and androgens)

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8
Q

Pancreas hormones

A

Insulin

Glucagon

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9
Q

Growth Hormone

A
  • Anterior Pit.

General metabolic hormone

Major effects are directed to growth of skeletal muscles and long bones

Plays a role in determining final body size

Causes amino acids to be built into proteins

Causes fats to be broken down for a source of energy

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10
Q

Prolactin (PRL)

A
  • Anterior Pit.

Stimulates and maintains milk production following childbirth

Function in males is unknown

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11
Q

Adrinocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

A
  • Anterior Pit.

Regulates endocrine activity of the adrenal cortex

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12
Q

Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A
  • Anterior Pit.

Influences growth and activity of the thyroid gland

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13
Q

Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A
  • Anterior Pit.

Stimulates follicle development in ovaries

Stimulates sperm development in testes

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14
Q

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

A
  • Anterior Pit.

Triggers ovulation of an egg in females

Stimulates testosterone production in males

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15
Q

Oxytocin

A
  • Posterior Pit.

Stimulates contractions of the uterus during labor, sexual relations, and breastfeeding

Causes milk ejection in a nursing woman

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16
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A
  • Posterior Pit.

Inhibits urine production by promoting water reabsorption by the kidneys

In large amounts, causes vasoconstriction leading to increased blood pressure

Also known as vasopressin

17
Q

Calcitonin

A
  • Thyroid gland

Decreases blood calcium levels by causing its deposition on bone

Calci – tone – down

Antagonistic to parathyroid hormone

Produced by parafollicular cells

Parafollicular cells are found between the follicles

18
Q

Thyroid Hormone

A
  • Thyroid gland

Major metabolic hormone

Composed of two active iodine-containing hormones

   Thyroxine (T4)—secreted by thyroid follicles

   Triiodothyronine (T3)—conversion of T4 at target tissues
19
Q

Parathyroid Hormone

A
  • Parathyroid gland

Stimulate osteoclasts to remove calcium from bone

Stimulate the kidneys and intestine to absorb more calcium

Raise calcium levels in the blood

Pair – up – thyroid

20
Q

Mineralocorticoids (mainly aldosterone)

A
  • Produced in outer adrenal cortex (Zona glomerulosa)

Regulate mineral content in blood

Regulate water and electrolyte balance

Target organ is the kidney

Production stimulated by renin

Production inhibited by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

21
Q

Glucocorticoids (mainly cortisone and cortisol)

A
  • Produced in the middle layer of the adrenal cortex (Zona fasiculata)

Promote normal cell metabolism

Help resist long-term stressors

Released in response to increased blood levels of ACTH

22
Q

Sex Hormones

A
  • Produced in the inner layer of the adrenal cortex (Zona reticularis)

Small amounts are made throughout life

Mostly androgens (male sex hormones) are made but some estrogens (female sex hormones) are also formed

23
Q

Catecholamines (mainly epinephrine and norepinephrine)

A
  • Adrenal medulla

These hormones prepare the body to deal with short-term stress (“fight or flight”) by

Increasing heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose levels

Dilating small passageways of lungs

24
Q

Insulin

A
  • Pancreatic islets

allows glucose to cross plasma membranes into cells from beta cells

Decreases blood glucose levels

25
Q

Glucagon

A
  • Pancreatic islets

allows glucose to enter the blood from alpha cells

Raises blood glucose levels

26
Q

Production of enzymes for digestive system

A

Exocrine function of pancreas

27
Q

Pancreas location

A

Near stomach in abdominal cavity

28
Q

Thyroid gland location

A

Base of throat, inferior to Adam’s apple

29
Q

Parathyroid gland location

A

Posterior surface of thyroid gland

30
Q

Adrenal gland location

A

Two glands, attached to the top curve over each kidney

BIO 122 (6 decks)

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