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General Chemistry > Lab Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Lab Quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of property is density?

A

Physical

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2
Q

What is accuracy?

A

How close the measurement is to the accepted value or theoretical value

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3
Q

What is precision?

A

The repeatability of measurement

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4
Q

How do you find deviation?

A

The average subtracted from individual measurements

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5
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Matter containing two or more substances

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6
Q

What is a heterogenous mixture?

A

All of the elements retain their individual identities

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7
Q

What is centrifugation?

A

The process of separating a solid or a precipitate from a liquid by whirling the mixture at a very high speed

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8
Q

What is decantation?

A

The process of separating a liquid from a precipitate or a solid by carefully pouring off the liquid and leaving behind the solid

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9
Q

What is distillation?

A

The process by which a liquid is brought to its boiling point, vaporized, then condensed and collected

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10
Q

What is extraction?

A

The process of separating one substance from another because it has a greater solubility in a different solvent

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11
Q

What is filtration?

A

The process of removing a solid or a precipitate from a liquid by using a porous barrier, membrane, paper filter, etc. to prevent the movement of of the solid or precipitate through the barrier

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12
Q

What is sublimation?

A

The process whereby a solid changes directly into a gas without a liquid phase being present

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13
Q

How do you find the percent error?

A

Theoretical minus experimental divided by theoretical times 100

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14
Q

How do you find the empirical formula?

A

Find the experimental number of moles of each element and divide by the smallest number of moles, multiply by until all are integers (if necessary)

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15
Q

What does “water of hydration” or “water of crystallization” mean?

A

When water is bonded to a structure of a substance

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16
Q

What are hydrates?

A

Substances with water bonded to them

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17
Q

What does anhydrous mean?

A

When a crystal solid does not contain water molecules bonded to its crystalline structure

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18
Q

What does effloresce mean?

A

The hydrates lose their water of hydration naturally when the water vapor pressure int he air surrounding them drops

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19
Q

What is a desiccant?

A

Salts that absorb moisture from the air to form hydrates (drying agents)

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20
Q

What is a dessicator?

A

A glass vessel with a tight closing lid used to keep samples dry

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21
Q

What does deliquescent mean?

A

Salts that absorb moisture from the atmosphere and create a hydrate or solution

22
Q

What is a primary standard?

A

Any highly stable substance whose purity is extremely high

23
Q

What is a titration?

A

The use of a burette to quantitatively deliver a known amount of a solution of known concentrate as it reacts with a known amount of a solution of unknown concentration

24
Q

What is the end point or equivalence point?

A

When the two reactants are chemically equivalent

Usually when the color of an indicator is retained in a titration

25
Q

What is an indicator?

A

An organic dye that changes color when the reaction is complete

26
Q

What is molarity?

A

A term used to express the concentration of a solute, expressed as moles per Litre (moles of solute per Litre of solution)

27
Q

What is the difference between moles and molarity?

A

Moles represents the amount or quantity of material present, molarity represents the concentration of a solution

28
Q

What does M mean?

A

M = mols / L

29
Q

What is the formula for molarity?

A

M = moles of solute / Litres of solution

30
Q

How do weak electrolytes react in water?

A

The remain in their molecular form

31
Q

What does aqueous mean?

A

The substance is water soluble

32
Q

How do aqueous solutions react in water?

A

All aqueous substances are ions, so they are soluble in water

33
Q

What is a molecular equation?

A

An equation that represents a balanced chemical equation showing the physical states of the reactants and the products

34
Q

What is an ionic equation?

A

An equation that represents the balanced equations in ion form

35
Q

What is a net ionic equation?

A

An equation that represents the balanced ionic equation excluding the spectator ions

36
Q

What are spectator ions?

A

Ions that are the same on both sides of the equation endplay no direct role in the reaction

37
Q

What are oxidation numbers?

A

AKA “charge” or “oxidation states,” they represent the number of electrons lost, gained, or shared in bonding

38
Q

What is the oxidation number for a free element?

A

0

39
Q

What is oxidation number for a monatomic ion?

A

It equals its charge

40
Q

What is the oxidation number of oxygen?

A

-2 (except in peroxides)

41
Q

What is the oxidation number of hydrogen?

A

1+

42
Q

What is the oxidation number of Group 1 (IA) elements?

A

1+

43
Q

What is the oxidation number of Group 2 (IIA) elements?

A

2+

44
Q

What is the sum of oxidation numbers in a compound?

A

0 (neutral)

45
Q

What is the sum of oxidation numbers of a polyatomic ion?

A

Equals its charge

46
Q

What is oxidation?

A

The loss of electrons by an element

47
Q

What is reduction?

A

The gain of electrons by an element

48
Q

What is a double replacement reaction?

A

The combining of two compounds to form two new compounds

49
Q

What is an oxidizing agent?

A

The substance that gains electron

50
Q

What is the reducing agent?

A

The substance that loses electrons

51
Q

How do you classify redox reactions?

A

If the oxidation number on any element has changed, it is classified as a redox reaction.

52
Q

What is the difference in half-reaction equations in acidic solutions and basic?

A

In basic solutions, you must neutralize the addition of H+ ions with the same number of OH- to create H2O

General Chemistry (7 decks)

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