lab quiz 1

Question 1

coding sequence: series of _____ that specifies the….

bound by a ….

Answer 1

series of codons that specifies the sequence of amino acids in a protein

bounded by start and stop codon

Question 2

codon

Answer 2

sequence of 3 nucleotides in a DNA or mRNA molecule that represents the instruction for incorporation of a specific amino acid into a growing polypeptide chain

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

-deoxyribonucleic acid
-polynucleotide formed from covalently linked deoxyribonucleotide units
-they store hereditary info within a cell

Question 4

exon

Answer 4

-segment of a eukaryotic gene that consists of a sequence of nucleotides that WILL be represented in mRNA or a final transfer, ribosomal, or other RNA molecule

-contain info for making proteins

-adjacent to a oncoming DNA segment called an intron

Question 5

gene

Answer 5

-region of DNA that is transcribed as a single unit and carries info for a discrete hereditary characteristic
-usually corresponds to a single protein or a single RNA

Question 6

genetic screen

Answer 6

procedure for discovery of genes affecting a specific phenotype by surveying large numbers of mutagenized individuals

Question 7

genome

Answer 7

the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.

Question 8

genome annotation

Answer 8

process attempting to mark out all the genes in a genome and ascribing functions to each

Question 9

homolog: one of 2+ genes that…

Answer 9

that are similar in sequence as a result of derivation from the same ancestral gene. the term covers both orthologs and paralogs

Question 10

intron

Answer 10

noncoding region on a eukaryotic gene that is transcribed into an RNA molecule but is then excised by RNA splicing during the production of the mRNA or other functional RNA

Question 11

mRNA
-RNA that specifies…

-produced in eukaryotes by processing of…

-translated into protein by a process catalyzed by…

Answer 11

-RNA that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein

-produced in eukaryotes by processing of an RNA molecule made by RNA polymerase as a complementary copy of DNA

-translated into protein by a process catalyzed by ribosomes

Question 12

mutation

Answer 12

heritable change in the nucleotide sequence of a chromosome

Question 13

nucleotide consists of

Answer 13

a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base

-DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides

Question 14

open reading frame (ORF)

Answer 14

a portion of a DNA sequence that does not include a stop codon

(and thus with the potential to code for a protein)

Question 15

plasmid vector

Answer 15

small circular molecules of double stranded DNA that have been derived from plasmids that occur naturally in bacterial cells, widely used for gene cloning

Question 16

polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique for

Answer 16

amplifying specific regions of DNA by the use of sequence-specific primers and multiple cycles of DNA synthesis

Question 18

RNA is a polymer formed from

Answer 18

polymer formed from covalently linked ribonucleotide monomers

Question 19

transcription factor

Answer 19

a protein that binds to regulatory regions and helps control gene expression

Question 20

DNA structure overview

Answer 20

-dNTP nucleotides: A, G, C, T
-5’ –> 3’ polarity
-antiparallel strands
-A-T and G-C base pairing

Question 21

order of flow

Answer 21

DNA to RNA to proteins

Question 22

the 5’ end of DNA has a ___ group

Answer 22

phosphate

Question 23

the 3’ end of DNA has a __ group

Answer 23

hydroxyl

Question 24

gene expression

Answer 24

process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product

Question 25

gene products may be ___ or ___

Answer 25

RNA or proteins

Question 26

proteins

Answer 26

primary molecules used by cells to carry out its diverse functions

Question 27

RNA binds via

Answer 27

transcription factors

Question 28

RNA polymerase binds to..

Answer 28

the promoter

Question 29

mRNA needs what?

Answer 29

a 5’ cap and a poly-A tail

Question 30

why does all RNA need the removal of introns?

Answer 30

they disrupt coding sequence of genes

Question 31

ribosomes start translating mRNA ___ and stop ___

Answer 31

start codon; stop codon

Question 32

5’ UTR:

Answer 32

5’ untranslated region
noncoding sequence of mRNA from the 5’ end to the start codon

Question 33

when are 5’ cap and poly-A tail added?

Answer 33

after transcription

Question 34

potential control points

Answer 34

the control of gene expression can occur at any step in the pathway from gene to functional protein

Question 35

ubiquitin proteasome pathway purpose

Answer 35

plays a crucial role in protein metabolism implicated in the regulation of many biological processes such as cell cycle control, DNA damage response, apoptosis, and so on

Question 36

signal transduction pathways purpose

Answer 36

cellular response that principally involves regulation of gene expression

Question 37

what is the goal of our project based lab?

Answer 37

understand what occurs when stem cells make the transition from growth to development

Question 38

we use REMI to…

Answer 38

REMI: restriction enzyme mediated integration

used to randomly generate mutants of development

Question 39

using REMI mutagenesis:

Answer 39

1. generated 100,000 mutants
2. screened for mutants with defects in development
3. identified mutated gene by plasmid rescue

Question 40

UbpA

Answer 40

a ubiquitin processing protease

Question 41

roles of UbpA and RbrA?

Answer 41

UbpA: growth to development transition

RbrA: cell fate determination (ratio of stalk cell to spore cell)

Question 42

biochemical role of RbrA and UbpA in the ubiquitin protease pathway for protein degradation?

Answer 42

UbpA: deubiquitinase (DUB) that converts free polyubiquitin to mono-ubiquitin

RbrA: Ubiquitin ligase

Question 43

ubpA- cells:

Answer 43

• grow but fail to aggregate

-have altered gene expression at the GDT
(lmcA or lmcB)

-accumulate ubiquitin conjugates (psmC5)

Question 44

what gene am I working with in this lab?

Answer 44

cdaA: genes that encode LmcA, LmcB, and LmcA/B interacting proteins