Lab Practicum 2 Flashcards
Nitrogen fixation
Root nodules w/ rhizobium
Kingdom Bacteria
3 shapes: coccus, bacillus, spirillium.
Gram negative, positive
Circle, pinpoint, irregular, filamentous, & wrinkled - morphologies
Cyanobacteria
Oscillatoria - filament: trichomes
Anabaena - heterocyst; N fixation
Gleocapsa - sheath, glue box
Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes -
Euk - nucleus, membranous organelles, larger in size, uses methionine, whiplike flagella, cilia, pseudopod
Pro - cell walls of peptidoglycan, no organelles, circular DNA, formyl-methionine, pili, binary fission, pili
Phylum Chlorophyta
Chlamydomonas - stigma (eyespot), syngamy forming zygospores.
Spirogyra - conjugation through conjugation tube forming a zygote.
Volvox - colonial w/ daughter colonies inside.
Kingdom Protista
Algae Phyla:
Chlorophyta - volvox
Bacillariophyta - diatoms
Euglenida - euglena
Protozoa & slime phyla: Rhizopoda - amoeba Kinetoplastea - Trypanosoma Ciliophora - paramecium Dictyostelia - Physarum
Phylum Bacillariophyta
Diatoms
Centrate (radial), pennate (bilateral)
Silicon dioxide shell
Phylum Euglenida
Euglena
Flagellum, eyespots, pellicle for support
Phylum Rhizopoda
Amoeba
Pseudopod, phagocytosis, contractile vacuole, phagocytic (food) vacuole
Phylum Kinetoplastea
Trypanosoma
Flagellated parasites, undulating membrane for movement.
Chagas’ disease; Acai berry, African sleeping sickness; tsetse fly
Phylum Ciliophora
Paramecium
Cilia, macro/micro nucleus, phagocytic vacuole, dikaryotic
Phylum Dictyostelia
Physarum
Plasmodium, sporangium (w/ light), sclerotium (hard shell phase)
Kingdom Fungi
Phyla:
Zygomycota - Rhizopus
Ascomycota - Penicillium
Basidiomycota - Portabella
Lichens
Hyphae, mycelium, plasmogamy, karyogamy, saprotrophs
Kingdom Plantae
Alternation of generations
Gametophyte, Sporophyte, Sporangium, Spore
Non vascular, vascular, seeds, flowers
Phylum Basidiomycota
Portabella
conidium, basidospore, cap, gill, stipe (stem), pileus (cap), basidiocarp, basidium
Phylum Ascomycota
Penicillium
conidium, conidiophore, ascospore, ascocarp, ascus, imperfect fungi
Phylum Zygomycota
Rhizopus
Sporangiophore, sporangium, zygospore, rhizoid
Lichens
Mutualism of Cyanobacteria and fungi
Thallus, crustose, foliose, fruticose
Phylum Hepaticophyta
Marchantia - liverworts
Non vascular
Gametophyte dominant
Thallus, gemma, gemmae cup, archegonium, antheridium, capsule, foot, stalk, elators
Phylum Bryophyta
Moss
Non vascular
Gametophyte dominant
archegonium, antheridium, capsule, foot, stalk, elators, calyptra, paraphyses
Phylum Pterophyta
Ferns
Vascular seedless
Sporophyte dominant
Archegonium, antheridium, rhizome, frond, fiddlehead, sorus, indusium, protonema, prothallium
Whisk fern, horsetail, & club mossed
Dichotomous branching, strobilus
Phylum Coniferophyta
Pine
Gymnosperm
Sporophyte dominant
Needle, micro/megasporophyll, pollen grain, tube cell, generative cell, ovuliferous scale, egg, embryo, seed coat, food supply (endosperm)
Phylum Anthophyta
Angiosperms
Sporophyte dominant
Peduncle (stem), receptacle, sepals, calyx, petals, corolla, stamen, filament, anther, pistil, stigma, style, ovary, locule, ovule
Pollen, tube nucleus, generative nucleus, sperm nucleus, ovule, embryo sac, double fertilization, endosperm
Seeds
Mature ovule
Embryo, seed coat, endosperm, cotyledons, hilum (navel), micropyle
Monocot
One cotyledon, parallel veins, random vasculars, fibrous roots, 3x whorls
Dicot
Two cotyledons, netlike veins, vascular ring, taproot, 4-5x whorls
Kingdom Animalia
Lack cell walls, heterotrophic, specialized cells, locomotion, response to stimuli, diploid
Evolution of
- Tissues
- Symmetry
- Body cavity
- Blastopore
- Skeleton
- Segmentation
Phylum Porifera
Sponges
No true tissues
Intracellular digestion
Monoecious
Sessile, spongecoel, osculum, choanocytes, spicule, spongin
Phylum Cnidaria
Cnidarians
Radial symmetry
Mono or dioecious
Diploblastic
Extracellular digestion
Endodermis, ectodermis, mesaglea, tentacles, polyp, medusa, cnidocyte, nematocyst, gastrovascular cavity
Classes:
Hydrozoa,
Scyphozoa,
Anthozoa
Class Hydrazoa
Hydra, obelia, Aurelia
Reproductive polyp, feeding polyp
Class Scyphozoa
Jellyfish - Aurelia
Radial canal, gonad, ring canal, tentacle, mouth, oral arm
Class Anthozoa
Corals and sea anemones
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Flatworms
Lophotrocozoan
Hermaphrodite, mesodermis, acoelomate, bilateral symmetry, triploblastic, organs, cephalization, cuticles
Classes:
Turbellaria - planarian
Trematoda - flukes
Cestoda - tapeworms
Class Turbellaria
Planarian
Eyespots, auricles, pharynx, mouth, intestine, asexual regeneration
Class Trematoda
Parasitic flukes
Swimmers itch
Oral sucker, ventral sucker, mouth, uterus, testes, excretory pore
Class Cestoda
Sextoda
Parasitic tapeworms
Scolex, proglottids
Phylum Nematoda
Roundworms
Ecdysozoan
Pseudocoelomate, bilateral, triploblastic, full digestive tract, parasitic
Pharynx, excretory pore, genital pore, vagina, uterus, oviduct, intestine, anus, testis, seminal vesicle, cloaca (multiuse hole)
Phylum Molluska
Mollusks
Soft bodied - Molluska
Lophotrochozoan
Coelomates
Class:
Bivalvia
Gastropoda ~
Cephalopoda ~
Class Bivalvia
Clams
Mantle, shell, visceral mass, foot, gills, digestive gland, gonad, heart, in/excurrent siphons
Phylum Annelida
Segmented worms
Segmentation, triploblastic, coelomates
Class Oligochaeta
Protostomium, clitellum, seta
Pharynx, hearts, gonads, esophagus, crop, gizzard, nephridia
Class Polychaeta ~
Phylum Arthropoda
Armored foot
Ecdysozoans
Segmented, armor like, chitin, gills, trachea, lungs, open circulatory
Classes: Crustacea - lobster Hexopoda - grasshopper Arachnida - spider Merostomata - horseshoe crab
Class Crustacea
Crawfish
Antenunules, antenna, chelipad, carapace, walking legs, swimmerets , copulatory swimmerets of male, uropod, telson
Green glands, gills, stomach, heart
Class Hexapoda
Insects
Most successful
Subphylum Chelicerata
Spiders and horseshoe crabs
Chelicera (mouth), cephalothorax, abdomen, telson
Phylum Echinodermata
Spiked skin
Deuterostomes
Pentaradial, lack cephalization
Class Asteroidea - sea star
Class Astroidea
Sea star
Aboral and oral surfaces, madreporite, ambulacal groove, tone foot
Ambulacral ridge, ampulla, ring canal, digestive gland, gonad
Phylum Chordata
Lancelet
Notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, post anal tail, endoskeleton
