Final Flashcards

Question

Class Clitellata

Answer 1

``` Earthworms Detritivores Monoecious Sperm exchanged and stored Fertilization occurs externally in cocoon ``` ``` Leeches Ectoparasitic Internal fertilization No septa; no setae Sucked Clitellum when breeding ```

Answer 2

``` "Jointed foot" >1 million spp.; 80% of animals Most successful Segmented Armor like cuticle (exoskeleton) ``` 2 classes: Crustacea Hexapoda Chelicerata ~

Answer 3

Compete with us for food Pollination Food source Vector for disease

Answer 4

``` Lobsters "Swiss Army knife of animal world" 3 pair Mandibles Biraneas (2 branched) 2 pairs if antennae ``` ``` Cephalothorax Abdomen Chelipads Swimmerets Walking legs ```

Answer 5

``` Metamorphosis in insects Most successful class Minimized interspecific competition Simple vs Egg>nymph>adult Complete Egg>larva>pupa>adult ```

Answer 6

"Spiny skin" Pentaradial Endoskeleton ``` Complete gut No brain Dioecious External fertilization Water vascular system ``` Class Astroidea

Answer 7

``` Parazoa - Porifera Radiata - Cnidaria Lophotrochozoa - Platyhelminthes - Molluska - Annelida Ecdysozoa - Nematoda - Arthropoda Deuterstomia - Echinodermata - Chordata ```

Answer 8

Central disk 5x tapered arms Important predators 1cm to 1m in size

Answer 9

Triploblastic Coelomates Bilateral symmetry Endoskeleton ``` 4 critical innovations •Notochord •Dorsal hollow nerve cord •Pharyngeal slits •Post anal tail ```

Answer 10

Notochord - dorsal rod Nerve cord - electrochemi signals Pharyngeal slits - food/gas Post anal tail - appendage

Answer 11

``` "Tail-cords" Invertebrates Tunicates Filter feeders; sessile adults Tunic of cellulose ```

Answer 12

``` Lancelets "Head cords" Invertebrates Filter feeders Fish shaped Segmented ```

Answer 13

Invertebrates Cranium (brain case) Neural crest - stem cells

Answer 14

* Cranium * Vertebrae * Jaws * Lungs * Limbs * Amniotic egg

Answer 15

Hagfish Invertebrates Craniates* Copious amounts of slime

Answer 16

Notochord -> vertebral column Nerve cord -> central nervous Pharyngeal slits -> eustachian tube Post anal tail -> terminal anus

Answer 17

Skeleton: • Cranium • Muscles attached to endoskeleton Nervous: • Neural crest cells • pronounced cephalization Nutrition: • variable • complete digestive system

Answer 18

``` Lamprey Suction cup mouth No paired fins Parasites Vertebrate* ```

Answer 19

``` Cartilaginous fish - sharks, skates, rays Skeleton Vertebrate Paired fins Placoid scales (enamel and dentine) Sharks have teeth Jaws* ```

Answer 20

2 classes: •Actinopterygii •Sarcopterygii Differences from Chondricthyes •Bony skeleton •Operculum •Swim bladder

Answer 21

Ray-finned fish | Fins have thin, bony, flexible rays

Answer 22

Lobe-finned fish Lungfish - 7 lobed fins - lungs*

Answer 23

``` Prevent desiccation Locomotion Protected reproduction Homologous structures Strengthened bones ```

Answer 24

Frogs, toads, etc ``` Double life - metamorphic Cutaneous respiration Lungs Limbs* 3 chambered heart Ectotherms External fertilization Larval aquatic ```

Answer 25

Amniotic egg during reproduction | Reptiles, aves, and mammals

Answer 26

``` Turtles Internal fertilization Amniotic egg Ectothermic Dry skin w/ horny scales Thoracic breathing (rib cage) Lungs with many chambers 3 chambered heart ```

Answer 27

Adaptations for powered flight - feathers - light hollow bones - 4 chambered heart - very efficient lungs - endothermic - high metabolic rate - well developed nervous system

Answer 28

``` Adapted to cold Hair Mammary glands Specialized teeth Endotherms; homeostasis 4 chambered heart Highly developed nervous system Muscular diaphragm Thoracic breathing ```

Answer 29

X - variation | Y - frequency

Answer 30

``` Small pop. size/genetic drift No random mating Mutation Migration/gene flow Natural selection ```

Answer 31

``` Fossil record Biogeography Homoplasy Artificial selection Homologies Evidence of adaptation ```

Answer 32

Variation of heritable traits Overproduction Limits on growth Differential reproductive success

Final Flashcards

(56 cards)